Framework of Decision-Making and SMCDM

2.9. Framework of Decision-Making and SMCDM

In the early time the use of remote sensing and GIS was confined only for the process of mapping. In time progress the information technology develops tools to use these maps in the process of planning and decision-making. Sustainable management means the utilization of the available land resources in such a way that the occupation, which is conducted over a piece of land, is without or with least impact over the resources. For the sustainable use of the land, the area needs to be used for a specific purpose, which suits the local conditions best. Spatial multi-criteria decision-making MCDM is a process where geographical data are combined and transformed into a decision. Multi-criteria decision-making involves input data, the decision maker’s preferences and manipulation of both information using specified decision rules. In spatial MCDM, the input data are geographical data. Spatial MCDM is more complex and difficult in contrast to conventional MCDM, as large numbers of factors need to be identified and considered, with high correlated relationships among the factors a spatial decision problem is the difference between the desired state in a geographical system and an existing state in real world Malczewski 1999. Spatial MCDM aims at achieving solutions for spatial decision problems, derived from multiple criteria. These criteria, also called attribute, must be identified carefully to arrive at the objectives and final goal. The performance of an objective is measured with the help of these attributes. These evaluation criteria should be comprehensive and measurable. Being a case of spatial multi-criteria decision-making process, land 24 suitability evaluation demands for visualization of the impact of the alternatives and criteria in the form of maps. This demands for visualization in the form of maps. This demand can be accomplished effectively by the integration of spatial analysis and conventional multi-criteria evaluation techniques, as shown in Fig 2.3. Moreover, environmental decision problems are characterized of having multiple and often conflicting objectives. When evaluating such a complex phenomenon, the spatial dimension seems to be the big hurdle. Here, the integration of GIS and MCDM techniques becomes useful Prakash, 2003. Fig 2.3. Integration of MCDM and GIS in to Spatial MCDM 25

III. METHODOLOGY

3.1. Time and Location

This research was conducted from January until May 2006 in Maros. The study area is located in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, approximately between 4° 45’ - 5° South and 119° 21’ - 119° 42’ 30’’ East. Research Area Fig3.1. Maros Location 3.2. Equipment And Data Requirement 3.2.1. Data Collection The types of data needed for this research were: a. Primary Data Landsat TM is to extraction of land physical characteristic data and coastal identification to determining of coastal zones. b. Secondary Data It is difficult to be extracted on imagery, but need for this research. They are: 26