Research Design Unit of Analysis

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

The research of this study uses descriptive qualitative research because the sources of data are texts. Holloway 1997: 43 stated that “in qualitative research they consist of words or actions of the participants which the researcher hears and observers”. This chapter discusses the research method used in this research including Research Design, Unit of Analysis, Source of Data Collection and also Technique of Data Analysis.

3.1. Research Design

The aim of this research is to provide description pertaining to the kind of data gathered and analyzed. According to Endrawarsa 2004: 16 “The research is analyzed as descriptive, it is described by words or figures if necessary, and it does not describe the numerical analysis”. This study carried out by formulating the problem, collecting the data, classifying, and explaining the result. This analysis is also made into three different dimensions: a. First, on the lexical choice of both the writer and the translator. b. Second, on the structural features represented in the SL and TL. c. Third, on the use of figurative languages in the SL and TL. The results of this study are presented through tables, one for each text, then followed by a thorough discussion, and finally summarized into its key findings. According to Aikunto 2006: 12, “qualitative research is a naturalistic research. It is the contrary of the quantitative research”. The source of the data used is the novel entitled The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway and the Indonesian version entitled Lelaki Tua dan Laut by Sapardi Djoko Damono.

3.2. Unit of Analysis

In this research, researcher found that the most dominant style in The Old Man and the Sea novel are personification, simile, hyperbole, understatement, and metaphor with the percentage 30 for personification, 25 for simile, 24 for hyperbole, 14 for understatement, and 7 for metaphor, so researcher are focused on only 5 of 13 types of figurative language that has been described in the Perrine‟s theory. They are: personification, simile, overstatement, understatement, and metaphor. And according to Newmark 1988: 45 there are eight of Translation Methods. The dominant methods of translation in this novel is literal translation method which has 67 and the communicative translation method which has 33, so the researcher decided to focused on only 2 of 8 types of translation methods in the Newmark theory. They are: Literal Translation and Communicative Translation. These units of analysis of the research were the words, phrases, clauses, and sentence both the source text English and the target text Indonesian which used Figurative Languages.

3.3. Source of Data