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Meanwhile, according to Christensen 2001: 144, by variable I mean any characteristics of an organism, environment, or experimental situation that can
vary from one organism to another, from one environment to another or from one experimental situation to another. In this research there are two variables named
independent variable and dependent variable. These are the variables of this research:
1. Independent variable of this research is the use of CIRC method in reading class.
2. Dependent variable is represented by the students’ reading comprehension and writing achievement.
3.4 Instrument for Collecting Data
Instrument is a very essential means of data collecting in a research. Before I conducted the research, I tried to collect the data. In collecting the data, I used the
instrument. The instruments used of the study were the reading and writing test items. By using reading and writing test items, I could observe the reading and
writing comprehension of the students. The test consisted of two parts which are pre-test and post-test. These would be conducted at the beginning and the end of
the experiment. In conducting the research, there were some steps to be done. First, I
conducted the pre-test for the two classes, control and experiment group. It would be conducted through reading test and writing test. In this test, I asked the students
to answer the questions in the form of multiple choice items and essay. This test
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aimed to know the initial ability of students’ reading and writing comprehension in both groups, either control or experimental group. After conducting the pre test,
I gave treatments using the method of CIRC in reading and writing material for the experimental group. On the other hand, the control group was given the
treatment using the conventional method for the same material. After conducting several treatments, I gave the post-test for both groups in order to know their
ability after getting the treatment. The test contained the same criteria as in the pre test which were reading test and writing test in the form of multiple choice items
and essay.
3.5 Procedure of the Experiment
The procedures of experimental design are: 1. Choosing the population of the research which are the eleventh students
of SMA N 1 Banjarnegara in the academic year 20102011. 2. Taking two group as the experimental and control group as the sample.
3. Conducting the experiment. The experimental group was given the treatment using the method of CIRC in reading and writing material.
Meanwhile, the control group was given the treatment using conventional method for the same material. Those treatments were preceded by pre-
test. After conducting the series of treatment, I conducted the post-test. 4. Comparing the difference between pre-test and post-test result of both
groups by applying t-test formula. 5. Making conclusion of the result.
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3.6 Method of Collecting Data
