12 appear constantly human meets a new task or job. It forces him to finish
his job by doing many ways. Therefore he will be superior to others. The feeling of inferiority or a sense of in completeness is the great
driving force of mankind. In other words, human are pushed by the need to overcome their inferiority and pulled by the desire to be superior. Adler in
Ryckman, 1985: 147 said that the feeling of inferiority is quite normal; all of us begin life as small. Feelings of inferiority arise constantly as we meet
new and unfamiliar tasks that must be mastered. These feeling are the cause of all improvement in human behavior. It must be combined with
talent, courage and social interest Feist, 1985: 67.
3. Striving for Superiority
Adler in Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992: 1430 believes that the great dynamic force governing humans behavior is a striving to be aggressive.
There are three distinct stages in his theorizing on the ultimate goal of human life: to be aggressive, to be powerful and to be superior. Adler in
Feist, 1985: 70 states that striving for superiority exists as birth as potentially, not actuality. It remains for each individual to actualize this
potential in his or her own manner. This process invests directions to the striving force by establishing a goal of superiority it provides motivation,
psychological movement and giving it an aim. From birth to death the striving for superiority carries the person from one stage of development to
the next higher stage. So, striving for superiority means a condition that
13 forces a man to gain a better life to make him exist in the society Hall and
Lindzey, 1978: 123 Each individual is forced by drives to be superior, powerful and
regarded. This is a response to the feeling of inferiority. By inferiority feeling, person will make some efforts to cover it. Adler in Hall and
Lindzey, 1981: 162 acknowledges that the striving for superiority may manifest itself in a thousand different ways and that each person has his or
her own concrete mode of achieving or trying to achieve perfection. The one dynamic force behind the person’s activity is the striving for success
of superiority Adler in Feist, 1985: 68.
4. Social Interest
A man should live among others, and this means that he must interact with others in society Adler in Hall and Lindzey, 1978:123. Person is
embedded in a social context from the first day of life. How manifest it self in the relationship between the children’s mother, and continuously
involved in relations that shape the personality. Adler in Hall and Lindzey, 1981: 64 believed that social interest is born; that humans are
social creative by nature and not by habit. Social interest can be defined as an attitude of relatedness with humanity in general, as well as an emphatic
for each member of the human race Adler in Feist, 1985: 71. As a member of society, a man automatically has to make an adaptation to his
environment where he lives. Therefore, he can enjoy life with the others Hall and Lindzey, 1978: 122
14 Social interest is true and inevitable compensation for all the natural
weakness of individual human beings Adler in Hall and Lindzey, 1970: 125. Social interest means striving for a form of community which must
be though of it mankind had reached the goal of others; we help ourselves toward the same goal Adler in Ryckman, 1985: 96. Striving for
superiority becomes socialized; the ideal of a perfect society takes the place of purely personal ambition and selfish gain. By working for the
common good, humans compensate for their individual weaknesses. The image of the perfect person living in a perfect society blotted out the
picture of the strong, aggressive person, dominating and exploiting society Hall and LIndzey, 1981: 164. Social interest is helping society to attain
the goal of perfect society. People are driven by a need for power and domination to a wish for personal superiority and finally to a desire to
subordinate their own needs in favor of the greater good. Social interest develops in the context of family relationships and other formative
experiences. These experiences thwart the development of social interest.
5. Style of Life
