f. Failure to Adjust reading techniques to reading purpose and type of
reading material g.
Lack of appropriate teacher guidance.
12
It is stated that teacher‟s guidance also become a factor of failure of
comprehension. To solve the lack of reading comprehension, pre-reading activities could be one of the teacher‟s activities which can be used to guide or
stimulate student‟s interest in text. As the sixth factor mentioned above, the
reading technique is needed in teaching reading. From those definitions, it can be concluded that reading comprehension
refers to the understanding of what has been read. Comprehension is processing skills that depends not only on the comprehension skills but also depends on the
readers‟ generalize knowledge and acquisition skills.
3. Types of Reading Text
Text can be divided into different text types. Each text types have their own structure that can be recognized by users. Text types are used by speakers
and writers to communicate to others for certain purpose. There are two main categories of text: literary and factual.
13
Within these are various text types. Each text types have a common structure.
“The main literary text types are: narrative, poems and dramas. These types are used to tell us about human experiences, usually in an imaginative
way. ”
14
The purpose of this kind of text is to entertain the readers. It is usually inserted by pictures, some expression to illustrate the story. When we want to
summarize those literary texts, the response text can be created. Another text types is factual tex
t. “Factual text types present information or ideas. The purpose of these texts is to inform, instruct, educate, or persuade the
listener or reader.” It can be concluded that factual text is contained of facts,
12
Boer Dallmann, op. cit. p. 132-134.
13
Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson, Text Types in English 3, South Yarra: MacMillan Education, 1998, p. 2
14
Ibid.
information about our life, or recent news which is exist surrounding our environment.
The main factual text types are: a.
Explanation b.
Information Report c.
Discussion d.
Recount e.
Factual Description f.
Procedure g.
Procedural Recount.
15
Hartono in his book divides genres of text into two kinds. Those are Story Genres and Factual Genres.
16
In story genres, he divides into Narrative, News story, Exemplum, Anecdote, Recount, and Spoof, while factual genres is divided
into Procedure, Explanation, Report, Exposition, Discussion, Description, Review, News Item, and Commentary.
The social function some kinds of text, based on Hartono:
Story Genres
Social Function
Narrative To amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or various
experience in different ways. News Story
Items Factual text which informs readers events of the day which
are considered newsworthy or important. Exemplum
To deal with incidents that are in some respects out of the usual, point to some general value in the cultural context.
Anecdote To share with others an account of an unusual or amusing
incident Recount
To retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining. Spoof
To retell an event with a humorous twist.
Factual Genres
Social Function
Procedure To describe how something is accomplished through a
sequence of actions or steps. Explanation
To explain the processes involved in the formation or workings natural or socio-cultural phenomena.
Report To describe the way things are, with reference to arrange or
natural, manmade, and social phenomena in our environment.
15
Ibid.
16
Rudi Hartono, S.S., M.Pd, Genres of Texts, Semarang: UNNES, 2005, p. 5
Analytical exposition
To persuade the reader or listener that something is the case. Hortatory
Exposition To persuade the reader or listener that somehting should or
should not be the case. Discussion
To present at least two points of view about an issue. Description
To describe a particular person, place or thing. Review
To criticize an art work or event for a public audience. Commentary To explain the processes involved in the formation
evolution of a socio-cultural phenomenon, as though a natural phenomenon.
17
In conclusion, the text types represent the most common ways in which language is structured to achieve a certain purpose. Writers and speakers use these
structures in order to help the reader or listener understand the text.
B. Recount Texts
