The Focus of the Research

9 understand what the author intends to say about human psyche phenomenon through their works that might possibly happen in real life. According to Wellek 1942: 81, psychology of literature is psychological study of the writer, as type and as individual, or the study of the creative process, or the study of the psychological types and laws presents within works of literature, or, finally, the effects of literature upon its readers audience psychology. Wellek’s statement above strengthens the fact that psychology and literature have an indirect relationship. First, it can be said that literature is the product of human mind formed by the psychological process of an individual. Then, Wellek believes that the role of psychology in literature is to analyze the effects of literature or literary works upon its readers or it can be called as audience psychology. The effect itself is how literary works can give the reader enlightenment or acknowledgement about the life experiences happening to many other people without directly experiencing it. Also, a good literary work will take the reader to follow the imagination that has been created by the author. That is how the psychology of the audience is formed while they are enjoying literary works. Psychoanalysis is a theory that is firstly introduced by Sigmund Freud in order to analyze literary works from the psychological view. Therefore, Freud is known as the founding father of psychoanalysis theory. Freud mentions that the human mind is constructed of three elements; those are the id, ego, and superego. Freud’s psychoanalysis is also famous with his exploration of the unconsciousness and theory that human being is driven by something that they have little or no awareness Jess Freist, 2008: 29. In addition, Freud says that human personality development is 10 highly influenced by sexual activity in their childhood. According to Terry Eagleton 1996: 133, “Sexuality for Freud is itself a perversion – a swerving away of a natural self-preservative instinct towards another goal.” This is knowingly called as psychosexual developments, in which there are five stages of sexual activities in childhood that should be passed by human beings through their development. Freud’s theory becomes the most famous and influential theory for many professionals who develop new psychological theories based on his basic beliefs about human development. Erik Homberger Erikson 1902-1994 becomes the one who agrees the basic theory of Freud. Although Erikson agrees Freud’s basic theory of human development, he has a different opinion on some parts. Freud delivers his theory about psychosexual as the stage of shaping human personality or behavior that only happens in childhood. On the other hand, Erikson believes that human personality development is influenced by social and historical around the people itself. In addition, Erikson intends to say that the stage of human personality development is faced in life-cycle; those are the childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. This is as stated by Jeisst Freist 2008: 249 that: Erikson regarded his post-Freudian theory as an extension of psychoanalysis, something Freud might have done in time. Although he used Freudian theory as the foundation for his life-cycle approach to personality, Erikson differed from Freud in several respects. In addition to elaborating on psychosexual stages beyond child-hood, Erikson placed more emphasis on both social and historical influences. One most important thing that differentiates Erikson’s theory of human personality from Freud’s theory is the concept of human ego. Freud places the role of