AN ANALYSIS OF KINO’S MOTIVATION IN SAVING THE PEARL IN “THE PEARL” NOVEL BY JOHN STEINBECK
AN ANALYSIS OF KINO’S MOTIVATION IN SAVING THE PEARL
IN “THE PEARL” NOVEL BY JOHN STEINBECK
THESIS
BY:
SRI ZULIATUN KARTINI
09360261
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2013
AN ANALYSIS OF KINO’S MOTIVATION IN SAVING THE PEARL
IN “THE PEARL” NOVEL BY JOHN STEINBECK
THESIS
BY:
SRI ZULIATUN KARTINI
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2013
AN ANALYSIS OF KINO’S MOTIVATION IN SAVING THE PEARL
IN “THE PEARL” NOVEL BY JOHN STEINBECK
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to
achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
BY:
SRI ZULIATUN KARTINI
09360261
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2013
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
(٦)
(٥)
Karena sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan,
sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan.
(Al-Insyirah: 5-6)
" ز ا ك تاب
ي
جل س
"خ
"Sebaik-baik teman duduk pada setiap waktu adalah buku”
DEDICATION:
My beloved mother and father,
My brother,
And My friends.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL .....................................................................................................
i
LEGALIZATION .............................................................................................
ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION .........................................................................
iii
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...............................................................................
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................
vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................
1
1.1 Background of The Study .................................................................
1
1.2 Statement of The Problems ..............................................................
3
1.3 The Purposes of The Study ..............................................................
4
1.4 Significance of The Study ................................................................
4
1.5 Scope And Limitation ......................................................................
5
1.6 Definition of The Key Terms ...........................................................
5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .........................
6
2.1 Literature ..........................................................................................
6
2.2 Novel .................................................................................................
7
2.3 The Elements of Novel ......................................................................
7
2.3.1 Character ...................................................................................
8
2.3.2 Characterization .........................................................................
9
2.3.3 Plot .............................................................................................
10
2.3.4 Theme .......................................................................................
13
2.3.5 Point of view .............................................................................
13
vi
2.3.6 Conflict .....................................................................................
14
2.3.7 Setting .......................................................................................
15
2.4 Motivation ........................................................................................
15
2.4.1 Kinds of Motivation ..................................................................
16
2.4.1.1 Intrinsic Motivation .......................................................
16
2.4.1.2 Extrinsic Motivation ......................................................
17
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ......................................
18
3.1 Research Design ...............................................................................
18
3.2 Approach ..........................................................................................
19
3.2.1 Pragmatic Approach ................................................................
19
3.2.2 Mimetic Approach ...................................................................
20
3.2.3 Objective Approach .................................................................
20
3.2.4 Expressive Approach ...............................................................
20
3.3 Object of the Study ...........................................................................
21
3.4 Data Collection .................................................................................
21
3.5 Data Analysis ..................................................................................
22
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION .................
23
4.1 Research Findings .............................................................................
23
4.1.1 Kino’s Motivation in Saving the Pearl .....................................
23
4.1.1.1 Intrinsic Motivation ...........................................................
23
4.1.1.1.1 Kino’s Dream to be a Rich Man ............................................
23
4.1.1.2 Extrinsic Motivation ..........................................................
25
4.1.1.2.1 Kino was motivated by his Family’s Condition .....................
25
4.1.2 Kino’s Efforts in Saving the Pearl ...........................................
27
4.1.2.1 Kino’s Effort in Saving the Pearl from Juana’s Action .....
27
4.1.2.2 Kino’s Effort in Saving the Pearl from the Trackers .........
28
4.2 Discussion .........................................................................................
31
vii
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1
Conclusion .........................................................................................
33
5.2
Suggestion ........................................................................................
34
REFERENCES
APPENDIX I
viii
REFERENCES
Abrams, M. H. 1999. Glossary of Literary Term, seventh edition. United States of America.
Heinle and Heinle Thomson Learning.
Ade, Olaofe, Isaac and Okunoye, Oyeniyi. 2008. An Introduction To Literature And Literary
Criticism. Nigeria. National Open University of Nigeria.
Bogdan, Robert C. and Biklen, Sari, Knopp. 2003. Qualitative Research for Education: An
Introduction to Theory and Methods. Fourth Edition. United States of America.
Pearson Education Group Inc.
Bennett, Andrew and Royle, Nicholas. 2004. An Introduction To Literature, Criticism And
Theory. Third Edition. Great Britain. United Kingdom.
Eagleton, Terry. 1996. Literary Theory An Introduction, second edition. St Catherine '5 College
Oxford. Blackwell.
Feist, Jess and Feist, Gregory, J. 2005. Theories of Personality, sixth edition. McGraw-Hill.
Kennedy, X. J. 1983. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama. Canada: Litle
Brown & Company.
Koesnosoebroto, S.B. 1988. The Anatomy of Prose Fiction. Jakarta: Proyek Pengembangan
Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan.
Kothari, C. R. 1990. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. India. New Age
International.
Macmillan. 1984. American Literature. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Macmillan.
Meyer, Michael. 1990. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Boston: Bedford Books of ST.
Martins Press.
Miller, William, R. and Rollnick, Stephenc. 2002. Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People
for Change, second edition. New York. The Guilford Press.
Ryan, Richard, M. and Deci, Edward, L. 2000. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic
Definitions and New Directions. University of Rochester. Academic Press.
Yusuf, Mohamad. 2008. An Analysis of Social Interaction Reflected In John Steinbeck’s The
Pearl. Unpublished Thesis. The State Islamic University of Malang. Malang.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents background of the study, statement of the problems,
purpose of the study, significance of the study, the scope and limitation of the study,
and the definition of key terms. They are presented in the following section.
1.1 Background of the Study
There are some ways to express idea, especially in a literary work. There
is literary works that brings the reader to the world of dreams and takes the reader
away from reality. Literature is a personal expression of feeling including
experience, idea, motivation, and confidence which are described by using
language. According to Eagleton (1996: 4) “Literature is a 'special' kind of
language, in contrast to the 'ordinary' language we commonly use”. Literary work
includes a wide range of written materials such as: poem, play, prose fiction
includes short story and novel.
Novel as a literary works that expresses some aspect of human’s life and
describes what happened in surounding, so it is written in long composition.
Therefore, novel is a story related to the human life, with its problems, characters,
conflicts, and motivations. Kennedy (1983: 182) states that “Novel is a picture or
real life and manners, and of the time in which it was written”. It describes what
and how human life it.
1
2
By reading literary work, automatically the reader can develop their
knowledge and science about life because literary work also reflects the human
concept of life.
In this study the writer chose The Pearl novel by John Steinbeck as the
object. The writer chose this novel because it is one of favorable and interesting
novels. The Pearl is a classic novel and the language is easy to be understood and
it is very enjoyable for the writer to read the story of novel.
Motivation gives people the lesson how to control behavior. Motivation
can support people to do some actions, for example how to help and save
someone else. According to Miller and Rollnick (2002: 223) “Motivation is what
provides the impetus for the focus, effort, and energy needed to move through the
entire process of change”.
The study in The Pearl novel by John Steinbeck has ever conducted by
Mohamad Yusuf (2008). He analyzed the social interaction reflected in The Pearl
novel by John Steinbeck. From the finding of his research, he explained that The
Pearl novel is describing some aspects of social interaction that appears
cooperation, competition, and conflict. Social interaction is a dynamic social
relation involving the relationship between person and person, person and a group
of people on inter-personal among the people. Social interaction began when two
people meet and they may talk or shake their hands or may fight. One of the
advantages of social interaction is motivation.
3
The writer of this study focused on Kino’s motivation as the main
character. The writer chose to analyze main character’s motivation because
motivation is very important in human being. Motivation will take a major thing
to achieve the goal of life and the people supposed to have perspective and
mission to change their life better. There are two kinds of motivation, intrinsic
and extrinsic. In this novel contains both two kinds of motivation in Kino’s
personality to save the pearl.
Considering the reasons above, the writer is interested in the study, so it is
entitled “An Analysis of Kino’s Motivation in Saving the Pearl in “The Pearl”
Novel by John Steinbeck”.
1.2 Statement of the Study
In doing the study, after giving the explanation about background of the
study, the writer arranges the statements problems of this study as follows:
1. What are Kino’s motivations in saving the pearl in “The Pearl” novel by John
Steinbeck?
2. What are Kino’s efforts in saving the pearl in “The Pearl” novel by John
Steinbeck?
4
1.3 Purpose of the Study
Based on statement before, the purposes of this analysis are:
1. To identify Kino’s motivations in saving the pearl in “The Pearl” novel by
John Steinbeck.
2. To identify Kino’s efforts in saving the pearl in “The Pearl” novel by John
Steinbeck.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This study will provide descriptions of how important knowledge about
motivation. The significances of the study are:
1. For the students
As the reader, the students will be familiar and appreciate more about
literature and they will get information of Kino’s motivation. So they will be
able to enhance and take the result of this study for the future, especially the
students of English Department.
2. For the next researcher
This study will be able to be alternative references to the next researcher who
are interested in analyzing prose, especially the students who are studying
about literature.
5
1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study
The scope of this study focused on motivation existing in “The Pearl”
novel by John Steinbeck. There are many main characters in “The Pearl” novel
by John Steinbeck such as Kino, Juana, Coyotito, and the doctor but in this study
is limited on Kino.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
In order to avoid misunderstanding and interpreting the meaning of the
term used in the analysis, the writer considered worthwhile to elaborate and
define the term which are relevant to this analysis.
1. Analysis is to identify separated parts that arise (this responds roughly to the
action of tearing it to peaces), to determine the relationship among the parts
and to discover the relation of the parts of the whole. (Kennedy, 1996:5)
2. Motivation is what provides the impetus for the focus, effort, and energy
needed to move through the entire process of change. (Miller and Rollnick,
2002: 223)
3. Novel is a picture or real life and manners, and of the time in which it was
written. (Kennedy, 1983: 182)
4. Kino is one of the main characters in “The Pearl” novel by John Steinbeck.
5. John Steinbeck is the author of novel “The Pearl”.
6. The Pearl is the title of the novel that will be analyzed.
7. Effort is a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a
particular end.
IN “THE PEARL” NOVEL BY JOHN STEINBECK
THESIS
BY:
SRI ZULIATUN KARTINI
09360261
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2013
AN ANALYSIS OF KINO’S MOTIVATION IN SAVING THE PEARL
IN “THE PEARL” NOVEL BY JOHN STEINBECK
THESIS
BY:
SRI ZULIATUN KARTINI
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2013
AN ANALYSIS OF KINO’S MOTIVATION IN SAVING THE PEARL
IN “THE PEARL” NOVEL BY JOHN STEINBECK
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to
achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
BY:
SRI ZULIATUN KARTINI
09360261
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2013
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
(٦)
(٥)
Karena sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan,
sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan.
(Al-Insyirah: 5-6)
" ز ا ك تاب
ي
جل س
"خ
"Sebaik-baik teman duduk pada setiap waktu adalah buku”
DEDICATION:
My beloved mother and father,
My brother,
And My friends.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL .....................................................................................................
i
LEGALIZATION .............................................................................................
ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION .........................................................................
iii
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...............................................................................
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................
vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................
1
1.1 Background of The Study .................................................................
1
1.2 Statement of The Problems ..............................................................
3
1.3 The Purposes of The Study ..............................................................
4
1.4 Significance of The Study ................................................................
4
1.5 Scope And Limitation ......................................................................
5
1.6 Definition of The Key Terms ...........................................................
5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .........................
6
2.1 Literature ..........................................................................................
6
2.2 Novel .................................................................................................
7
2.3 The Elements of Novel ......................................................................
7
2.3.1 Character ...................................................................................
8
2.3.2 Characterization .........................................................................
9
2.3.3 Plot .............................................................................................
10
2.3.4 Theme .......................................................................................
13
2.3.5 Point of view .............................................................................
13
vi
2.3.6 Conflict .....................................................................................
14
2.3.7 Setting .......................................................................................
15
2.4 Motivation ........................................................................................
15
2.4.1 Kinds of Motivation ..................................................................
16
2.4.1.1 Intrinsic Motivation .......................................................
16
2.4.1.2 Extrinsic Motivation ......................................................
17
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ......................................
18
3.1 Research Design ...............................................................................
18
3.2 Approach ..........................................................................................
19
3.2.1 Pragmatic Approach ................................................................
19
3.2.2 Mimetic Approach ...................................................................
20
3.2.3 Objective Approach .................................................................
20
3.2.4 Expressive Approach ...............................................................
20
3.3 Object of the Study ...........................................................................
21
3.4 Data Collection .................................................................................
21
3.5 Data Analysis ..................................................................................
22
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION .................
23
4.1 Research Findings .............................................................................
23
4.1.1 Kino’s Motivation in Saving the Pearl .....................................
23
4.1.1.1 Intrinsic Motivation ...........................................................
23
4.1.1.1.1 Kino’s Dream to be a Rich Man ............................................
23
4.1.1.2 Extrinsic Motivation ..........................................................
25
4.1.1.2.1 Kino was motivated by his Family’s Condition .....................
25
4.1.2 Kino’s Efforts in Saving the Pearl ...........................................
27
4.1.2.1 Kino’s Effort in Saving the Pearl from Juana’s Action .....
27
4.1.2.2 Kino’s Effort in Saving the Pearl from the Trackers .........
28
4.2 Discussion .........................................................................................
31
vii
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1
Conclusion .........................................................................................
33
5.2
Suggestion ........................................................................................
34
REFERENCES
APPENDIX I
viii
REFERENCES
Abrams, M. H. 1999. Glossary of Literary Term, seventh edition. United States of America.
Heinle and Heinle Thomson Learning.
Ade, Olaofe, Isaac and Okunoye, Oyeniyi. 2008. An Introduction To Literature And Literary
Criticism. Nigeria. National Open University of Nigeria.
Bogdan, Robert C. and Biklen, Sari, Knopp. 2003. Qualitative Research for Education: An
Introduction to Theory and Methods. Fourth Edition. United States of America.
Pearson Education Group Inc.
Bennett, Andrew and Royle, Nicholas. 2004. An Introduction To Literature, Criticism And
Theory. Third Edition. Great Britain. United Kingdom.
Eagleton, Terry. 1996. Literary Theory An Introduction, second edition. St Catherine '5 College
Oxford. Blackwell.
Feist, Jess and Feist, Gregory, J. 2005. Theories of Personality, sixth edition. McGraw-Hill.
Kennedy, X. J. 1983. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama. Canada: Litle
Brown & Company.
Koesnosoebroto, S.B. 1988. The Anatomy of Prose Fiction. Jakarta: Proyek Pengembangan
Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan.
Kothari, C. R. 1990. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. India. New Age
International.
Macmillan. 1984. American Literature. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Macmillan.
Meyer, Michael. 1990. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Boston: Bedford Books of ST.
Martins Press.
Miller, William, R. and Rollnick, Stephenc. 2002. Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People
for Change, second edition. New York. The Guilford Press.
Ryan, Richard, M. and Deci, Edward, L. 2000. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic
Definitions and New Directions. University of Rochester. Academic Press.
Yusuf, Mohamad. 2008. An Analysis of Social Interaction Reflected In John Steinbeck’s The
Pearl. Unpublished Thesis. The State Islamic University of Malang. Malang.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents background of the study, statement of the problems,
purpose of the study, significance of the study, the scope and limitation of the study,
and the definition of key terms. They are presented in the following section.
1.1 Background of the Study
There are some ways to express idea, especially in a literary work. There
is literary works that brings the reader to the world of dreams and takes the reader
away from reality. Literature is a personal expression of feeling including
experience, idea, motivation, and confidence which are described by using
language. According to Eagleton (1996: 4) “Literature is a 'special' kind of
language, in contrast to the 'ordinary' language we commonly use”. Literary work
includes a wide range of written materials such as: poem, play, prose fiction
includes short story and novel.
Novel as a literary works that expresses some aspect of human’s life and
describes what happened in surounding, so it is written in long composition.
Therefore, novel is a story related to the human life, with its problems, characters,
conflicts, and motivations. Kennedy (1983: 182) states that “Novel is a picture or
real life and manners, and of the time in which it was written”. It describes what
and how human life it.
1
2
By reading literary work, automatically the reader can develop their
knowledge and science about life because literary work also reflects the human
concept of life.
In this study the writer chose The Pearl novel by John Steinbeck as the
object. The writer chose this novel because it is one of favorable and interesting
novels. The Pearl is a classic novel and the language is easy to be understood and
it is very enjoyable for the writer to read the story of novel.
Motivation gives people the lesson how to control behavior. Motivation
can support people to do some actions, for example how to help and save
someone else. According to Miller and Rollnick (2002: 223) “Motivation is what
provides the impetus for the focus, effort, and energy needed to move through the
entire process of change”.
The study in The Pearl novel by John Steinbeck has ever conducted by
Mohamad Yusuf (2008). He analyzed the social interaction reflected in The Pearl
novel by John Steinbeck. From the finding of his research, he explained that The
Pearl novel is describing some aspects of social interaction that appears
cooperation, competition, and conflict. Social interaction is a dynamic social
relation involving the relationship between person and person, person and a group
of people on inter-personal among the people. Social interaction began when two
people meet and they may talk or shake their hands or may fight. One of the
advantages of social interaction is motivation.
3
The writer of this study focused on Kino’s motivation as the main
character. The writer chose to analyze main character’s motivation because
motivation is very important in human being. Motivation will take a major thing
to achieve the goal of life and the people supposed to have perspective and
mission to change their life better. There are two kinds of motivation, intrinsic
and extrinsic. In this novel contains both two kinds of motivation in Kino’s
personality to save the pearl.
Considering the reasons above, the writer is interested in the study, so it is
entitled “An Analysis of Kino’s Motivation in Saving the Pearl in “The Pearl”
Novel by John Steinbeck”.
1.2 Statement of the Study
In doing the study, after giving the explanation about background of the
study, the writer arranges the statements problems of this study as follows:
1. What are Kino’s motivations in saving the pearl in “The Pearl” novel by John
Steinbeck?
2. What are Kino’s efforts in saving the pearl in “The Pearl” novel by John
Steinbeck?
4
1.3 Purpose of the Study
Based on statement before, the purposes of this analysis are:
1. To identify Kino’s motivations in saving the pearl in “The Pearl” novel by
John Steinbeck.
2. To identify Kino’s efforts in saving the pearl in “The Pearl” novel by John
Steinbeck.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This study will provide descriptions of how important knowledge about
motivation. The significances of the study are:
1. For the students
As the reader, the students will be familiar and appreciate more about
literature and they will get information of Kino’s motivation. So they will be
able to enhance and take the result of this study for the future, especially the
students of English Department.
2. For the next researcher
This study will be able to be alternative references to the next researcher who
are interested in analyzing prose, especially the students who are studying
about literature.
5
1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study
The scope of this study focused on motivation existing in “The Pearl”
novel by John Steinbeck. There are many main characters in “The Pearl” novel
by John Steinbeck such as Kino, Juana, Coyotito, and the doctor but in this study
is limited on Kino.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
In order to avoid misunderstanding and interpreting the meaning of the
term used in the analysis, the writer considered worthwhile to elaborate and
define the term which are relevant to this analysis.
1. Analysis is to identify separated parts that arise (this responds roughly to the
action of tearing it to peaces), to determine the relationship among the parts
and to discover the relation of the parts of the whole. (Kennedy, 1996:5)
2. Motivation is what provides the impetus for the focus, effort, and energy
needed to move through the entire process of change. (Miller and Rollnick,
2002: 223)
3. Novel is a picture or real life and manners, and of the time in which it was
written. (Kennedy, 1983: 182)
4. Kino is one of the main characters in “The Pearl” novel by John Steinbeck.
5. John Steinbeck is the author of novel “The Pearl”.
6. The Pearl is the title of the novel that will be analyzed.
7. Effort is a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a
particular end.