B. Focus of the Research
When reading poetry, many people have difficulties to understand what actually poets want to say. As a result, they make their own interpretations of
poems that are not based on proper analysis but more on their internal feelings, which can lead to many interpretations that differ from one another. Thus, that
interpretation can be different from the original intention of the poet. Nevertheless, sometimes it is quite hard to understand, especially in the case of
modern poetry, if a poem does not evoke any of a readers personal experience or feelings, he or she would be hardly ever interested in it.
The fact that poetry is quite demanding on the reader, because of all hidden meanings and missing information. Reading poetry, as well as reading
other literary genres, can develop the fantasy of readers. Poets mostly give to the readers a new opportunity to think about things which they normally do not think
about. That is why in the researcher decides to examine this study, she would like to deal with poetry so the readers would be helped to interpret it through firstly
understanding the sentences grammatically. The researcher believes that better understanding of poetry and also literature in general can develop students
creative and critical thinking and can help people, in their own life, to search and find other points of view in their own life.
The language of poetry and not only poetical languages is studied by the linguistic discipline called stylistic. It can help us to understand poetry more
and to analyze it in more detail. This discipline deals with a linguistic description and its relation to meaning and an analysis of all linguistic levels, i.e. grammar,
sounds, words, textual structure can help readers not only to appreciate a poets style of writing but also to understand how the poet uses stylistics means to
express the meaning of a poem Short, 1969: 5. Thus, it can support the interpretations of the poem by reasonable arguments and make them more
complex and how successful our interpretation depended on our knowledge of the language we analyze, i.e. its grammar rules and lexis.
Poetry itself is very specific as we have to know grammar rules and lexis in order to understand what is odd in the poem, i.e. what is deviant. However, the
researcher limited this study because of the limitation of time and the knowledge of the researcher about stylistics topic. In fact, this topic is part of varieties of
poetic license but this study described it shortly rather than language deviation especially syntactical deviations to make deep information. Then, this study also
limits the object, poetic utterances in the collected poems of Langston Hughes. His collected poems is divided into five periods i.e. 1921-1930, 1931-1940, 1941-
1950, 1951-1960, and 1961-1967. Though, she determines the first till the fourth period because considering the proper data and limitation of time. This limitation
helped the researcher focuses on analysis of this research i.e. to identify the types and to describe the purposes of Langston Hughes wrote his poems using syntactic
deviations.
C. Formulation of the Problems
Regarding the limitation of the problems, the researcher formulates the problems as follows:
1. What are the types of syntactic deviations in The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes?
2. What are the author’s purposes wrote The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes
using syntactic deviations?
D. Objectives of the Research
In accordance with the: formulation of the problems, the objectives of this study are:
1. to identify the types of syntactic deviations in The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes, and
2. to describe the author’s purposes wrote The Collected Poems of Langston
Hughes using syntactic deviations.
E. Research Significance
This study is expected to contribute both theoretically and practically. 1.
Theoretically The result of this research can enrich the development of linguistic
knowledge, especially on syntactic deviations found in a literary work e.g. a novel.
2. Practically, the result of the research is expected to give contribution to the
following parties. a.
Students of English Language and Literature This study can inform the linguistic students that there is no such a right or
wrong language even though it does not belong to Standard English because there must be an intention behind it, especially in poems because
the poets have right to make their language aesthetic. b.
English Lecturers This research hopefully served as an additional reference and gives more
examples of texts that have language deviations. c.
Other researchers The result of this research will be used as the reference to conduct a
further research.
9
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
A. Literature Review
1. Stylistics
Missikova 2003: 17 states that stylistics is considered as a field of study where the methods used are to select and implement linguistic, extra-linguistic or
artistic expressive means in the process of communication. Therefore, people can distinguish linguistic stylistics and literary poetic stylistics. To strengthen his
point of view, Mick Short, a Professor in the Department of Linguistics and Modern English Language at Lancaster University and a leading authority in the
field of stylistics, also says that stylistics can sometimes look like either linguistic or literary criticism, depends on where the readers are standing when looking at it
Short in Missikova, 2003: 17. According to J. Mistrík in Missikova 2003: 18, stylistics can be defined
as the study of choice and the type of linguistic use, extra-linguistic and aesthetic means, as well as particular techniques used in communication. This study is used
to
interpret and to distinguish the
linguistic element in a writing
, group of writings, or a text, i.e.
a structure capable of being interpreted by a code, including intentional structures like
a culture or a whole language.
In addition, Peter Verdonk 2002: 4 states that stylistics is the study of varieties of language which has position in the context. Stylistics also attempts to
establish principles to explain the particular choices made by individuals and