Bus tracker by using Global Positioning System (GPS) And Global System Mobile (GSM).
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
BUS TRACKER BY USING GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
(GPS) AND GLOBAL SYSTEM MOBILE (GSM)
This report is submitted in accordance with the requirement of Universiti Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor Degree in Electronic Engineering
Technology (Telecommunication) with Honors.
by
ZUBAIR BIN ABDUL MALIK
B071110094
920111145379
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
2014
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA
TAJUK: Bus Tracker by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System
Mobile (GSM)
SESI PENGAJIAN: 2014/15 semester 1
Saya
ZUBAIR BIN ABDUL MALIK
mengaku membenarkan Laporan PSM ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis.
2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk
tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis.
3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan pertukaran
antara institusi pengajian tinggi.
4. **Sila tandakan ( )
SULIT
TERHAD
(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau
kepentingan Malaysia sebagaimana yang termaktub dalam
AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)
(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh
organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)
TIDAK TERHAD
Alamat Tetap:
Disahkan oleh:
Cop Rasmi:
Tarikh: ________________________
Tarikh: _______________________
** Jika Laporan PSM ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi
berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT
atau TERHAD.
DECLARATION
I hereby, declare that this thesis title “Bus Tracker by Using Global Positioning
System (GPS) and Global System Mobile (GSM)” is the result of my own research
paper except as cited in the references.
Signature : ______________________
Name
: ZUBAIR BIN ABDUL MALIK
Date
: ______________________
i
APPROVAL
This report is submitted to the Faculty of Engineering Technology of UTeM as a
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering
Technology (Telecomunication) with (Hons.). The member of the supervisory is
as follow:
………………………………
(NURULHALIM BIN HASSIM)
ii
ABSTRAK
Projek ini adalah mengenai reka bentuk dan pelaksanaan Bus Tracker dengan
menggunakan Global Positioning System (GPS) dan Global System Mobile (GSM).
Ia terdiri daripada integrasi antara penerima GPS, mikropengawal dan modul GSM.
Kombinasi teknologi-teknologi ini akan menghasilkan sistem pengesanan. Satu sistem
pengesanan menggabungkan dua sistem yang diselaraskan oleh pengawal penerima
GPS dan dikawal oleh pengguna menggunakan arahan melalui modul GSM sebagai
pemancar dan penerima data. Projek ini juga boleh dibahagi kepada dua bahagian
utama iaitu kerja tangan atau perkakasan dan perisian komputer. Pembangunan
pekakasan
termasuklah
GPS,
sambungan
pendawaian
mikropengawal
dan
integrasinya dengan modul GSM. Pembangunan perisian termasuklah membangunkan
kod sumber pengawal mikro dan perintah mesej GSM. Apabila projek ini selesai,
seorang pengguna boleh menggunakan pesanan ringkas (SMS) untuk menghubungi
dan mengenalpasti lokasi terkini alat ini.
iii
ABSTRACT
This project is about the design and implementation of a Bus Tracker by Using
Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System Mobile (GSM). It comprises of
integration between a GPS receiver, a microcontroller and a GSM module. This
combination of technology will produce a tracking system. This tracking system
integrates two system which are the coordinates extracted from the GPS receiver and
control capability by users using command through the GSM module. This project can
be divide into two main parts which are hardware and software development. The
hardware development includes the GPS, the microcontroller wiring connection and
its integration with the GSM module. The software development includes developing
the microcontroller source code and GSM message command. For the end result, a
user can use short messaging system (SMS) from their phone to contact and find out
the current location of this device.
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, most grateful to Almighty ALLAH S.W.T. for blessing me
with good health and providing ideas in completing this project successfully.
First of all, I would like to thank Encik Nurulhalim Bin Hassim as my
supervisor during this Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM). He gave support and assistance to
me, especially the exposure of the C language programming process. Without him, I
was facing a lot of problem in completing this project.
I would also like to thank to my Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka for
providing this great opportunity and ample time for me to have my final year project
completed within a year. Thanks for this precious time and helpful guidance. Honestly,
it is the most valuable experience for me to explore and expose myself to the real
engineering fields which demands for equal with knowledge and management skills.
Besides that, lots of love for my family especially my father Abdul Malik Bin
Packir Mohammed for giving continuous supports throughout this four years. To my
siblings who are always there by my side to encourage, advice and support during this
entire project.
Lastly, I would like to thanks all of my colleagues for being supportive,
positive minded and contributed a lot of ideas during my academic pursuits.
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Declaration
i
Approval
ii
Abstrak
iii
Abstract
iv
Acknowledgement
v
Table of Contents
vi
List of Tables
x
List of Figures
xi
List Abbreviations, Symbols and Nomenclatures
xiii
CHAPTER
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Project Background
1
1.2.
Problem Statement
2
1.3.
Objective
3
1.4.
Project Significance
4
vi
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1.
Overview
5
2.2.
Background of Tracking Device
5
2.3.
Global Positioning System (GPS)
2.3.1.
GPS Background Information
6
2.3.2.
Longitude and Latitude Co-Ordinate
8
System
2.4.
2.3.3.
GPS Signal Structure
10
2.3.4.
Three Segments of GPS
11
Global System Mobile (GSM)
2.4.1.
GSM Background Information
13
2.4.2.
GSM Standard Operation
14
2.4.3.
GSM Modems
16
vii
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1. Overall Project Structure
17
3.2. Expected Result
19
3.3. Project Block Diagram
20
3.4. SKM53 GPS Starter Kit
3.4.1. General Description
21
3.4.2. Mechanical Specification
23
3.5. SKGPS-53 Module Starter Kit
3.5.1. General Description
24
3.5.2. Product Layout
25
3.6. Flowchart Process
27
3.7. GSM Modem
29
3.8. MAX232
29
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Discussion
30
4.2. Hardware
4.2.1. Circuit Design
31
4.2.2. PCB Layout of Tracking Device
33
viii
4.3. Software
35
4.4. Analysis
37
4.5. Flowchart GSM Coding
40
5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RECOMMENDATION
5.1. Conclusion
43
5.2. Future Recommendation
44
6. REFERENCE
45
7. APPENDIX
46
ix
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
GSM Bands information by country
14
3.1
Antenna specification in SKM53 module
19
3.2
SKM53 pin description
20
3.3
The description of component in SKGPS-53
24
4.1
Comparison between the actual result and the error result
35
4.2
Shown comparison the correct location of result and the
35
wrong location
x
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
TITLE
PAGE
1.1
The Statistic of Crime at the Bus Station by SPAD
4
2.1
The Earth Divided into Longitude and Latitude
7
2.2
Biphase Modulation of GPS signal
9
2.3
Three Segments of GPS
11
2.4
GSM World Coverage Map and GSM Country
13
3.1
The progressing from the beginning of the thesis
16
3.2
Process flow by using GPS system to detect the location
17
3.3
The block diagram for PIC 18F26K22
18
3.4
Actual view of SKM GPS starter kit
19
3.5
SKM53 pin package
20
3.6
Top View of SKM53
21
3.7
Vertical view of SKM53
21
3.8
Horizontal view of SKM53
21
3.9
Actual view of SKGPS-53 module starter kit
22
xi
3.10
SKGPS-53 layout
23
3.11
The process flow of the Tracking Device to the user
25
3.12
GSM module
26
3.13
MAX232
26
4.1
Voltage regulator circuit
28
4.2
Buzzer, PIC 18F26K22 and Nokia 3310 LCD
28
4.3
Switch, SKGPS module, MAX232 and DB9 serial port
29
4.4
The layout of PCB by using Proteus 7 Professional software
30
4.5
After complete the etching process (upper view)
30
4.6
The negative design of the PCB by using Proteus 7 Professional
31
Software
4.7
After complete the etching process (lower view)
31
4.8
The combination coding into the microcontroller
32
4.9
Shown the command in float Array loop in 204 city
33
4.10
Location of latitude and longitude in cities library
34
4.11
The wrong/error result obtain (Sibu)
35
4.12
The correct result obtain (Bandar Melaka)
35
xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
BPSK
-
Bi-Phase Shift Keying
CDMA
-
Code Division Multiple Access
CEPT
-
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunication
Administrations
DOD
-
Department of Defense
EFR
-
Enhanced Full Rate
FOC
-
Full Operational Capability
GPS
-
Global Positioning System
GSM
-
Global System Mobile
IOC
-
Initial Operational Capability
LPC
-
Linear Predictive Coding
ME
-
Mobile Equipment
PCB
-
Printed Circuit Board
SPAD
-
Suruhanjaya Pengangkutan Awan Darat
SIM
-
Subscriber Identity Module
SMS
-
Short Message Service
UMTS
-
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
USB
-
Universal Serial Bus
UTC
-
Universal Time Coordinated
VLR
-
Visitor Location Register
xiii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Project Background
A vehicle tracking system consists of an electronic device installed on a vehicle so
that it can be tracked by its owner or a third-party for its position. Most of the vehicle
tracking system uses Global Positioning System (GPS) to get an accurate reading of the
vehicle position. Communication components such as cellular Global System Mobile
(GSM) and satellite transmitter will be combined to transmit the vehicle’s position to
remote user. Vehicle’s information can be viewed by using a software on a computer.
Vehicle tracking systems are commonly used by fleet operators for fleet management
functions such as routing, dispatching, on-board information display and security. Other
applications include monitoring driving behavior, such as an employer monitoring an
employee, or a parent monitoring a teenaged driver. Vehicle tracking systems are also
popular in consumer vehicles as a theft prevention and retrieval device. The police can
simply follow the signal emitted by the tracking system and locate the stolen vehicle.
When used as a security system, a Vehicle Tracking System may serve as either an
addition to or replacement for a traditional Car alarm. The existence of vehicle tracking
device then can be used to reduce the insurance cost, because the loss-risk of the vehicle
installed with this system drops significantly.
Vehicle tracking is also useful in many other application such as Asset Tracking
scenarios where companies needing to track valuable assets for insurance or other
monitoring purposes. They can now plot the real-time asset location on a map and closely
monitor movement and operating status. Meanwhile, in the field of sales mobile the sales
1
professionals can easily access their real-time locations. For example, in unfamiliar areas
they can locate themselves as well as their customers and prospects. They could also get
driving directions and add nearby last-minute appointments. Benefits from this system
include increased productivity, reduced driving time and increased time spent with
customers and prospects.
It is has been reported that, with similar system the users has been able to get many
benefits by auditing employee hours to insure better utilization of vehicles. This system
has also proven its ability to reduce mileage hence, reducing the fuel costs through
monitoring unauthorized private use of company vehicles (Sabudin, 2010). Productivity
will also be increased through better budgeting of time and resources.
1.2
Problem Statement
Proposed design for this project is mainly to find cost-effective, reliable and accurate
vehicle tracking device. When vehicles were spread out all over, the user often found it
difficult to keep track of what was happening. They require some type of system to
determine where each vehicle was at any given time and for how long it has travelled.
There is also the need for tracking when an owner is trying to locate a lost vehicle.
GSM and GPS based tracking system will provide effective, real time vehicle location
reporting. A GPS- GSM based tracking system will inform where the vehicle is and where
it has been, and how long it has been at that location. The system uses geographic position
and time information from the Global Positioning Satellites. The On-Board module
consists of GPS receiver and a GSM modem.
During vehicle motion, its real-time parameters such as location are reported by SMS
message. The system takes advantage of wireless technology in providing powerful
2
transportation management. The use of GSM and GPS technologies allows the system to
track vehicle and to provide the most up-to-date information about ongoing trips.
We can also use it for application that require real time control. As an example this
system also can be used for time traffic surveillance. It could be also used as a valuable
tool for tourist.
1.3
Objective
The objective of this project is to design and develop a Vehicle Tracking System
using GPS and GSM Technologies. In order to fully understand both GPS and GSM
technology, the research will study on how both technology works. The objective of
this project are:
I. To study and investigate the basic operation of the GPS module and GSM module.
II. To design and develop a tracking system.
III. To construct the hardware for GPS/GSM tracking system.
3
1.4
Project Significance
This study was chosen because of the concerns over safety of public transport users
especially women. For example, majority of women using the public transport at night are
usually without any company. The statistic of rape and rob cases at the bus stop are
increasing every year (Jusoh, 2010). Jusoh, M. T. B., 2010. Statistik ragut 2010, (SPAD).
Thus, the main objective is to ensure safety of women passenger so that they can manage
their travelling time with flexibility.
The passenger can manage their time better if there are able to determine the current
location of the bus, without having to wait long hours at the bus stop. This can reduce the
crime cases in Malaysia and at the same time the user can optimize their time better.
2181
1992
1890
1870
1496
Rape
Sexual Harassment
1178
Snatch
890
679
231
58
99
132
2010
2011
2012
2013
Figure 1.1: The Statistic of Crime at the Bus Station by SPAD.
4
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Overview
This thesis relies heavily on the use of both GPS and GSM. This chapter will begin
with an overview of the Global Positioning System explaining about the structure of GPS
and the characteristics of GPS. Furthermore, details about the longitude and latitude and
how to understand about the location tracking device will be explored.
2.2
Background of Tracking Device
For a long time in history, people has been searching for accurate navigation and
positioning methods to determine their location and destinations. The Global Positioning
System (GPS) is the best achievement in this search for precise positioning. Though
originally intended for military use, GPS has been found useful in many civilian
applications including surveying and navigation, thus exceeding its original purpose. The
United States Department of Defence runs a freely available and highly accurate
positioning system called GPS. This section will provide an overview of GPS and the
longitude/latitude co-ordinate system used in this thesis.
5
2.3
Global Positioning System (GPS)
2.3.1
GPS Background Information
The GPS System was created and realized by the American Department of Defense
(DOD) and was originally based on and run with 24 satellites (21 satellites being required
and 3 satellites as replacement). Nowadays, about 30 active satellites orbit the earth at a
distance of 20200 km (Hoffman-Wellenhof, B, H. Lichtenegger and J. Collins 2001, p.
382).
GPS satellites transmit signals which enables a GPS receiver to extract its location,
if it is positioned on the surface of the earth, in the earth atmosphere or in a low orbit. GPS
is being used in aviation, nautical navigation and for the orientation of shore. The GPS
signal can be used without a fee by any person in possession of a GPS receiver.
Furthermore, it is used in land surveying and other applications where the determination
of the exact position is required. At first only 18 satellites were be operated. In 1988 the
number of satellites is raised to 24, as the functionality is not satisfactory with only 18
satellites (Thuong Le-Tien, Vietnam in 2010).
The first Block I satellite carried sensors to detect atomic explosions. This satellite
is meant to control the abidance of the agreement of 1963 between the USA and the Soviet
Union to refrain from any nuclear tests on the earth, submarine or in space. When a civilian
airplane of the Korean Airline (Flight 007) was shot down after it had gone lost over Soviet
territory, it was decided to allow the civilian use of the GPS system. In 1986, the accident
of the space shuttle "Challenger" meant a drawback for the GPS program, as the space
shuttles were supposed to transport Block II GPS satellites to their orbit. Finally the
operators of the program reverted to the Delta rockets which more intended for the satellite
transportation in the first place.
6
In 1989, the first Block II satellite was installed and activated. Temporal
deactivation of the selective availability (SA) was done during the Gulf war. In this period
civilian receivers were used as not enough military receivers were available. On July 01,
1991 SA is activated again. The Initial Operational Capability (IOC) was announced in
1993 (Thor Hogan, Vic Villhard 2004, p. 12). In the same year it was decided to authorize
the world wide civilian use free of charge.
The last Block II satellite completed the satellite constellation in 1994. Full
Operational Capability (FOC) was announced the following year. In the year 2000, final
deactivation of the selective availability was done and therefore improving of the accuracy
for civilian users from about 100 m to 20 m.
7
2.3.2
Longitude and Latitude Co-Ordinate System
The location of any point on a planar surface can be fully described by both a
horizontal and a vertical co-ordinate. Had the earth been truly flat and rectangular as it
had been perceived in the past, a simple equally spaced grid system could be used to
describe any location on earth. However, the earth is neither flat nor rectangular. It is not
even a perfect sphere. The fact of the matter is the earth is an oblate ellipsoid, a slightly
egg shaped sphere. A grid-like system of latitudes and longitudes was devised to describe
precise locations on earth. Both latitude and longitude are measured in terms of degrees,
(°). Figure 2.1 shows a map of the earth including basic longitude and latitude information.
Figure 2.1: The earth divided into Longitude and Latitude.
8
BUS TRACKER BY USING GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
(GPS) AND GLOBAL SYSTEM MOBILE (GSM)
This report is submitted in accordance with the requirement of Universiti Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor Degree in Electronic Engineering
Technology (Telecommunication) with Honors.
by
ZUBAIR BIN ABDUL MALIK
B071110094
920111145379
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
2014
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA
TAJUK: Bus Tracker by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System
Mobile (GSM)
SESI PENGAJIAN: 2014/15 semester 1
Saya
ZUBAIR BIN ABDUL MALIK
mengaku membenarkan Laporan PSM ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis.
2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk
tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis.
3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan pertukaran
antara institusi pengajian tinggi.
4. **Sila tandakan ( )
SULIT
TERHAD
(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau
kepentingan Malaysia sebagaimana yang termaktub dalam
AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)
(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh
organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)
TIDAK TERHAD
Alamat Tetap:
Disahkan oleh:
Cop Rasmi:
Tarikh: ________________________
Tarikh: _______________________
** Jika Laporan PSM ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi
berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT
atau TERHAD.
DECLARATION
I hereby, declare that this thesis title “Bus Tracker by Using Global Positioning
System (GPS) and Global System Mobile (GSM)” is the result of my own research
paper except as cited in the references.
Signature : ______________________
Name
: ZUBAIR BIN ABDUL MALIK
Date
: ______________________
i
APPROVAL
This report is submitted to the Faculty of Engineering Technology of UTeM as a
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering
Technology (Telecomunication) with (Hons.). The member of the supervisory is
as follow:
………………………………
(NURULHALIM BIN HASSIM)
ii
ABSTRAK
Projek ini adalah mengenai reka bentuk dan pelaksanaan Bus Tracker dengan
menggunakan Global Positioning System (GPS) dan Global System Mobile (GSM).
Ia terdiri daripada integrasi antara penerima GPS, mikropengawal dan modul GSM.
Kombinasi teknologi-teknologi ini akan menghasilkan sistem pengesanan. Satu sistem
pengesanan menggabungkan dua sistem yang diselaraskan oleh pengawal penerima
GPS dan dikawal oleh pengguna menggunakan arahan melalui modul GSM sebagai
pemancar dan penerima data. Projek ini juga boleh dibahagi kepada dua bahagian
utama iaitu kerja tangan atau perkakasan dan perisian komputer. Pembangunan
pekakasan
termasuklah
GPS,
sambungan
pendawaian
mikropengawal
dan
integrasinya dengan modul GSM. Pembangunan perisian termasuklah membangunkan
kod sumber pengawal mikro dan perintah mesej GSM. Apabila projek ini selesai,
seorang pengguna boleh menggunakan pesanan ringkas (SMS) untuk menghubungi
dan mengenalpasti lokasi terkini alat ini.
iii
ABSTRACT
This project is about the design and implementation of a Bus Tracker by Using
Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System Mobile (GSM). It comprises of
integration between a GPS receiver, a microcontroller and a GSM module. This
combination of technology will produce a tracking system. This tracking system
integrates two system which are the coordinates extracted from the GPS receiver and
control capability by users using command through the GSM module. This project can
be divide into two main parts which are hardware and software development. The
hardware development includes the GPS, the microcontroller wiring connection and
its integration with the GSM module. The software development includes developing
the microcontroller source code and GSM message command. For the end result, a
user can use short messaging system (SMS) from their phone to contact and find out
the current location of this device.
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, most grateful to Almighty ALLAH S.W.T. for blessing me
with good health and providing ideas in completing this project successfully.
First of all, I would like to thank Encik Nurulhalim Bin Hassim as my
supervisor during this Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM). He gave support and assistance to
me, especially the exposure of the C language programming process. Without him, I
was facing a lot of problem in completing this project.
I would also like to thank to my Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka for
providing this great opportunity and ample time for me to have my final year project
completed within a year. Thanks for this precious time and helpful guidance. Honestly,
it is the most valuable experience for me to explore and expose myself to the real
engineering fields which demands for equal with knowledge and management skills.
Besides that, lots of love for my family especially my father Abdul Malik Bin
Packir Mohammed for giving continuous supports throughout this four years. To my
siblings who are always there by my side to encourage, advice and support during this
entire project.
Lastly, I would like to thanks all of my colleagues for being supportive,
positive minded and contributed a lot of ideas during my academic pursuits.
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Declaration
i
Approval
ii
Abstrak
iii
Abstract
iv
Acknowledgement
v
Table of Contents
vi
List of Tables
x
List of Figures
xi
List Abbreviations, Symbols and Nomenclatures
xiii
CHAPTER
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Project Background
1
1.2.
Problem Statement
2
1.3.
Objective
3
1.4.
Project Significance
4
vi
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1.
Overview
5
2.2.
Background of Tracking Device
5
2.3.
Global Positioning System (GPS)
2.3.1.
GPS Background Information
6
2.3.2.
Longitude and Latitude Co-Ordinate
8
System
2.4.
2.3.3.
GPS Signal Structure
10
2.3.4.
Three Segments of GPS
11
Global System Mobile (GSM)
2.4.1.
GSM Background Information
13
2.4.2.
GSM Standard Operation
14
2.4.3.
GSM Modems
16
vii
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1. Overall Project Structure
17
3.2. Expected Result
19
3.3. Project Block Diagram
20
3.4. SKM53 GPS Starter Kit
3.4.1. General Description
21
3.4.2. Mechanical Specification
23
3.5. SKGPS-53 Module Starter Kit
3.5.1. General Description
24
3.5.2. Product Layout
25
3.6. Flowchart Process
27
3.7. GSM Modem
29
3.8. MAX232
29
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Discussion
30
4.2. Hardware
4.2.1. Circuit Design
31
4.2.2. PCB Layout of Tracking Device
33
viii
4.3. Software
35
4.4. Analysis
37
4.5. Flowchart GSM Coding
40
5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RECOMMENDATION
5.1. Conclusion
43
5.2. Future Recommendation
44
6. REFERENCE
45
7. APPENDIX
46
ix
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
TITLE
PAGE
2.1
GSM Bands information by country
14
3.1
Antenna specification in SKM53 module
19
3.2
SKM53 pin description
20
3.3
The description of component in SKGPS-53
24
4.1
Comparison between the actual result and the error result
35
4.2
Shown comparison the correct location of result and the
35
wrong location
x
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
TITLE
PAGE
1.1
The Statistic of Crime at the Bus Station by SPAD
4
2.1
The Earth Divided into Longitude and Latitude
7
2.2
Biphase Modulation of GPS signal
9
2.3
Three Segments of GPS
11
2.4
GSM World Coverage Map and GSM Country
13
3.1
The progressing from the beginning of the thesis
16
3.2
Process flow by using GPS system to detect the location
17
3.3
The block diagram for PIC 18F26K22
18
3.4
Actual view of SKM GPS starter kit
19
3.5
SKM53 pin package
20
3.6
Top View of SKM53
21
3.7
Vertical view of SKM53
21
3.8
Horizontal view of SKM53
21
3.9
Actual view of SKGPS-53 module starter kit
22
xi
3.10
SKGPS-53 layout
23
3.11
The process flow of the Tracking Device to the user
25
3.12
GSM module
26
3.13
MAX232
26
4.1
Voltage regulator circuit
28
4.2
Buzzer, PIC 18F26K22 and Nokia 3310 LCD
28
4.3
Switch, SKGPS module, MAX232 and DB9 serial port
29
4.4
The layout of PCB by using Proteus 7 Professional software
30
4.5
After complete the etching process (upper view)
30
4.6
The negative design of the PCB by using Proteus 7 Professional
31
Software
4.7
After complete the etching process (lower view)
31
4.8
The combination coding into the microcontroller
32
4.9
Shown the command in float Array loop in 204 city
33
4.10
Location of latitude and longitude in cities library
34
4.11
The wrong/error result obtain (Sibu)
35
4.12
The correct result obtain (Bandar Melaka)
35
xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
BPSK
-
Bi-Phase Shift Keying
CDMA
-
Code Division Multiple Access
CEPT
-
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunication
Administrations
DOD
-
Department of Defense
EFR
-
Enhanced Full Rate
FOC
-
Full Operational Capability
GPS
-
Global Positioning System
GSM
-
Global System Mobile
IOC
-
Initial Operational Capability
LPC
-
Linear Predictive Coding
ME
-
Mobile Equipment
PCB
-
Printed Circuit Board
SPAD
-
Suruhanjaya Pengangkutan Awan Darat
SIM
-
Subscriber Identity Module
SMS
-
Short Message Service
UMTS
-
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
USB
-
Universal Serial Bus
UTC
-
Universal Time Coordinated
VLR
-
Visitor Location Register
xiii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Project Background
A vehicle tracking system consists of an electronic device installed on a vehicle so
that it can be tracked by its owner or a third-party for its position. Most of the vehicle
tracking system uses Global Positioning System (GPS) to get an accurate reading of the
vehicle position. Communication components such as cellular Global System Mobile
(GSM) and satellite transmitter will be combined to transmit the vehicle’s position to
remote user. Vehicle’s information can be viewed by using a software on a computer.
Vehicle tracking systems are commonly used by fleet operators for fleet management
functions such as routing, dispatching, on-board information display and security. Other
applications include monitoring driving behavior, such as an employer monitoring an
employee, or a parent monitoring a teenaged driver. Vehicle tracking systems are also
popular in consumer vehicles as a theft prevention and retrieval device. The police can
simply follow the signal emitted by the tracking system and locate the stolen vehicle.
When used as a security system, a Vehicle Tracking System may serve as either an
addition to or replacement for a traditional Car alarm. The existence of vehicle tracking
device then can be used to reduce the insurance cost, because the loss-risk of the vehicle
installed with this system drops significantly.
Vehicle tracking is also useful in many other application such as Asset Tracking
scenarios where companies needing to track valuable assets for insurance or other
monitoring purposes. They can now plot the real-time asset location on a map and closely
monitor movement and operating status. Meanwhile, in the field of sales mobile the sales
1
professionals can easily access their real-time locations. For example, in unfamiliar areas
they can locate themselves as well as their customers and prospects. They could also get
driving directions and add nearby last-minute appointments. Benefits from this system
include increased productivity, reduced driving time and increased time spent with
customers and prospects.
It is has been reported that, with similar system the users has been able to get many
benefits by auditing employee hours to insure better utilization of vehicles. This system
has also proven its ability to reduce mileage hence, reducing the fuel costs through
monitoring unauthorized private use of company vehicles (Sabudin, 2010). Productivity
will also be increased through better budgeting of time and resources.
1.2
Problem Statement
Proposed design for this project is mainly to find cost-effective, reliable and accurate
vehicle tracking device. When vehicles were spread out all over, the user often found it
difficult to keep track of what was happening. They require some type of system to
determine where each vehicle was at any given time and for how long it has travelled.
There is also the need for tracking when an owner is trying to locate a lost vehicle.
GSM and GPS based tracking system will provide effective, real time vehicle location
reporting. A GPS- GSM based tracking system will inform where the vehicle is and where
it has been, and how long it has been at that location. The system uses geographic position
and time information from the Global Positioning Satellites. The On-Board module
consists of GPS receiver and a GSM modem.
During vehicle motion, its real-time parameters such as location are reported by SMS
message. The system takes advantage of wireless technology in providing powerful
2
transportation management. The use of GSM and GPS technologies allows the system to
track vehicle and to provide the most up-to-date information about ongoing trips.
We can also use it for application that require real time control. As an example this
system also can be used for time traffic surveillance. It could be also used as a valuable
tool for tourist.
1.3
Objective
The objective of this project is to design and develop a Vehicle Tracking System
using GPS and GSM Technologies. In order to fully understand both GPS and GSM
technology, the research will study on how both technology works. The objective of
this project are:
I. To study and investigate the basic operation of the GPS module and GSM module.
II. To design and develop a tracking system.
III. To construct the hardware for GPS/GSM tracking system.
3
1.4
Project Significance
This study was chosen because of the concerns over safety of public transport users
especially women. For example, majority of women using the public transport at night are
usually without any company. The statistic of rape and rob cases at the bus stop are
increasing every year (Jusoh, 2010). Jusoh, M. T. B., 2010. Statistik ragut 2010, (SPAD).
Thus, the main objective is to ensure safety of women passenger so that they can manage
their travelling time with flexibility.
The passenger can manage their time better if there are able to determine the current
location of the bus, without having to wait long hours at the bus stop. This can reduce the
crime cases in Malaysia and at the same time the user can optimize their time better.
2181
1992
1890
1870
1496
Rape
Sexual Harassment
1178
Snatch
890
679
231
58
99
132
2010
2011
2012
2013
Figure 1.1: The Statistic of Crime at the Bus Station by SPAD.
4
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Overview
This thesis relies heavily on the use of both GPS and GSM. This chapter will begin
with an overview of the Global Positioning System explaining about the structure of GPS
and the characteristics of GPS. Furthermore, details about the longitude and latitude and
how to understand about the location tracking device will be explored.
2.2
Background of Tracking Device
For a long time in history, people has been searching for accurate navigation and
positioning methods to determine their location and destinations. The Global Positioning
System (GPS) is the best achievement in this search for precise positioning. Though
originally intended for military use, GPS has been found useful in many civilian
applications including surveying and navigation, thus exceeding its original purpose. The
United States Department of Defence runs a freely available and highly accurate
positioning system called GPS. This section will provide an overview of GPS and the
longitude/latitude co-ordinate system used in this thesis.
5
2.3
Global Positioning System (GPS)
2.3.1
GPS Background Information
The GPS System was created and realized by the American Department of Defense
(DOD) and was originally based on and run with 24 satellites (21 satellites being required
and 3 satellites as replacement). Nowadays, about 30 active satellites orbit the earth at a
distance of 20200 km (Hoffman-Wellenhof, B, H. Lichtenegger and J. Collins 2001, p.
382).
GPS satellites transmit signals which enables a GPS receiver to extract its location,
if it is positioned on the surface of the earth, in the earth atmosphere or in a low orbit. GPS
is being used in aviation, nautical navigation and for the orientation of shore. The GPS
signal can be used without a fee by any person in possession of a GPS receiver.
Furthermore, it is used in land surveying and other applications where the determination
of the exact position is required. At first only 18 satellites were be operated. In 1988 the
number of satellites is raised to 24, as the functionality is not satisfactory with only 18
satellites (Thuong Le-Tien, Vietnam in 2010).
The first Block I satellite carried sensors to detect atomic explosions. This satellite
is meant to control the abidance of the agreement of 1963 between the USA and the Soviet
Union to refrain from any nuclear tests on the earth, submarine or in space. When a civilian
airplane of the Korean Airline (Flight 007) was shot down after it had gone lost over Soviet
territory, it was decided to allow the civilian use of the GPS system. In 1986, the accident
of the space shuttle "Challenger" meant a drawback for the GPS program, as the space
shuttles were supposed to transport Block II GPS satellites to their orbit. Finally the
operators of the program reverted to the Delta rockets which more intended for the satellite
transportation in the first place.
6
In 1989, the first Block II satellite was installed and activated. Temporal
deactivation of the selective availability (SA) was done during the Gulf war. In this period
civilian receivers were used as not enough military receivers were available. On July 01,
1991 SA is activated again. The Initial Operational Capability (IOC) was announced in
1993 (Thor Hogan, Vic Villhard 2004, p. 12). In the same year it was decided to authorize
the world wide civilian use free of charge.
The last Block II satellite completed the satellite constellation in 1994. Full
Operational Capability (FOC) was announced the following year. In the year 2000, final
deactivation of the selective availability was done and therefore improving of the accuracy
for civilian users from about 100 m to 20 m.
7
2.3.2
Longitude and Latitude Co-Ordinate System
The location of any point on a planar surface can be fully described by both a
horizontal and a vertical co-ordinate. Had the earth been truly flat and rectangular as it
had been perceived in the past, a simple equally spaced grid system could be used to
describe any location on earth. However, the earth is neither flat nor rectangular. It is not
even a perfect sphere. The fact of the matter is the earth is an oblate ellipsoid, a slightly
egg shaped sphere. A grid-like system of latitudes and longitudes was devised to describe
precise locations on earth. Both latitude and longitude are measured in terms of degrees,
(°). Figure 2.1 shows a map of the earth including basic longitude and latitude information.
Figure 2.1: The earth divided into Longitude and Latitude.
8