CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter presents and discusses about the theoretical framework which consists of: aspects of learning English, the latest English syllabus for first grade of
MTs Darul Amal Bekasi, grammar, gerund, and Kinds of difficulties in learning gerund.
A. Aspects of Learning English
Nowadays, English has become an international language that holds an important role in the world life. It is interesting to be studied and mastered, in order to
be able to communicate with people from other country. Besides, it is very useful in our life if we have mastered it, English can help us to face global life where the
competition of job marketing is very strict so we are demanded to use it as a communication tool. For those reasons, the Indonesian government has decided that
English must be taught from junior high school until university. Moreover, it has been taught in elementary schools as one of local contents material. There are two
aspects that must be mastered by students in learning English, are those:
1. English Actional Competences
English actional competences or usually called language skills which is underlying actual production speaking, writing and comprehension listening,
reading. Speaking is one of language skills which function to express or communicate
opinions, feelings, ideas, etc, by or as talking and it involves the activities in the part
of the speaker as psychological, physiological articulator and physical acoustic stage.
2
Writing is a way of thinking. Writing is more than a medium of communication. It is a way of remembering and way of thinking well. Writing also a
way of finding out what we know and what we need to learn. Spoken words disappear as soon as they are spoken; but writing freezes our thought, make them
visible and permanent so we can examine and test their quality.
3
Listening is the process of becoming aware of the sound components and recognizing these components in sequences which have meaning.
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Reading is a process to understand meaning from the text, which is done by readers to get information. Reading is not just a process of identifying shapes and
sounds, but also reading is a process of thinking and feeling.
2. Linguistics Competences
In supporting actional competences, students have also acquire components skills or linguistics competences, it is underlying knowledge of the system of
language; its rules of grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and spelling. Vocabulary is total number words which with rules for combining them
make up a language.
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Pronunciation is the act or a manner of pronouncing words, sounds, and letters. Pronunciation is also the correct way of pronouncing a word, sound in a given
language or a set of symbols indicating how a word is to be pronounced.
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2
AS. Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, Revised and Updated ed, New York: Oxford University Press, 1987, p. 13
3
James C. Raymond, Writing is an unnatural act, New York: Harper and Row Publisher 1980, p. 2
4
Harry A. Green, Walter T. Petty, Developing Language Skills in Elementary School, Alyn and Bacon inc, 1971, p. 153
5
AS. Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, …, p. 959
Spelling is the action or proper way of forming words from letters.
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B. The Latest English Syllabus for First Grade of MTs Darul Amal Bekasi
