In order to accomplish his objective, he used the documentation of the origins and meanings of the English verbs with the prefix re- from two etymology
dictionaries: The New Oxford American Dictionary and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language to collect the data.
On his analysis, he found out that the origin of words with prefix re – are English, Latin, French, Norse, and Greek. He also found that there are six
meanings that are brought by the suffix re-. They are: 1 ‘again’, 2 ‘redo something differently in order to change’, 3 ‘again or redo something
differently in order to change,’ 4 ‘back or again’, 5 ‘back against’, and 6 ‘back or away’. Other than those six extra meanings, the prefix re- can also
function to emphasize or shift the meaning of a root. This present study is also analyzing the meaning of the data. However this
study is different from Saragih’s thesis. The data which are analyzed on the meaning in this study is the brand names which are found in the magazine. The
data collection is also different from thesis which was written by Saragih. The data are taken from Readers Digest magazine February 2014 edition.
B. Review of Related Theories
1. Theory of Word Formation
Word creation is also called word formation. Many word formations occur in English. OGrady et. al mentioned some forms of words. They are
compounding, acronym, onomatopoeia, blending, backformation, clipping, conversion cranberry morpheme, affixation, and coined words. Those forms
have the same purpose to enrich the vocabulary of English.
Compounding words are the combination of two words or more to create new meaning. For example, green house, pickpocket, blue collar, highborn,
rainbow, etc. Acronym is a word from the initial of several words, such as UNESCO
from United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, or RAMS random access memory.
Onomatopoeia is the sounds of words supposedly imitate the sound of nature. For example, in English we say cock-a-doodle-doo to represent the roster’s
crow. Blending is similar to compounding, but some parts of word are cut off
and deleted so we may say “a less compounding”. Some words like smog smoke + fog, motel motor + hotel, and brunch breakfast + lunch are examples of
blends. Backformation is the process of making new words because of the use of
the incorrect morphological analysis. Verbs, like hawk, stoke, swindle, and edit come as back-formations of hawker, stoker, swindler, and editor.
Words like prof for professor or doc for doctor are called abbreviation. This process is sometimes called clipping.
Conversion is a process that assigns an already existing to new a syntactic category. It means that the word is given a new syntactic category and meaning.
For example, nouns like walk, report, permit, and contest are derived from verbs. There are some words which morphological statuses are ambiguous. In a
case of cranberry and huckleberry, the words cran- as well as huckle- is treated as
a bound morpheme. It means that they cannot be independent words. This kind of words is called the cranberry morpheme.
Some words are derived from proper names of individual and places . The process is called eponyms Yule, 2006: 53. Some examples of eponyms are taken
from the name of the discoverer and founder, for instance, the name of Ford, the car manufacturer, is taken from its founder, Henry Ford. There are also taken the
name of place, for instance, word jeans is taken from the city of Genoa, Italy. There is also the affixation process. This process is the most common
morphological process in language. There are three types of affixes. They are prefix, suffix, and infix. A prefix is an affix which is attached to the front of its
base, for example the word re-play. A suffix is an affix that is attached to the end of its base, for example the word hunt – er. The far less common affix, especially
in English, is infix, a type of affix that occurs within the base. Based on the category changes and productivity, there are two distinction of affixes, which are
inflectional affixes and derivational. Inflectional affix is an affix that is used to show the change in the form of words because of the grammatical reasons, such as
tense, person, number, possessiveness, case, and gender. Inflectional affix doesn’t change either the grammatical category or the type of meaning in the words.
Meanwhile, derivational affix forms a word with a new meaning and or the change in the grammatical category. Also, the inflectional affixes typically have
relatively little exception, for example, the suffix –s can combine with any nouns that allow the plural form, except for the exceptions such as oxen and feet. In
contrast, derivational suffixes can only apply on restricted bases, for example, the suffix –ize can only combine with certain adjectives to form a verb.
The advertising industry has also added new words to English, such as Kodak, nylon, Honda and Vaseline are some words which are originated from
many brands. Some words created from existing words: Kleenex from the word clean.
Those are called coined words OGrady et. al, 1997: 1 - 13.
2. Theory of Word Coinages
