Procedure of GIS working system is organizing hardware, software, and geographic data to optimize the system of storing, manipulating, analysis and
displaying all geographic information. Attribute and spatial data have relationship with space aspect-location that is presented as database on a map. To acquire
spatial analysis result overlaying techniques from some thematic maps vector or raster are used. New spatial information is acquired based on new digital value
that constitutes an integration of old digital value.
2.6. The Role of GIS and Remote Sensing for Coastal Management
There are many data that can be used for GIS data input as well as thematic maps that are available on analog picture, recording imagery from
airborne photo and satellite, field survey data, and map that have already recorded as digital data. Those data are useful for GIS data input that will be analyzed for
further study such as for suitability area study, land-use changing, and natural resources distribution.
GIS has been used for land-use management, such as: agriculture, forestry, and military. Many kinds of spatial analyses have been done using GIS, including
coastal and marine management. For coastal and marine management cases, GIS can be implemented for arranging coastal master plan, like: predicting tourism and
fishing potencies, and determining and developing aquaculture zones in coastal ecosystem Purwadhi, 1993.
Characteristics and potencies data of coastal region can be represented better by using GIS, it is caused that GIS can integrate some data and maps
together at the same time, and easy to updating data also. Data selected will be
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used for some interesting in planning and decision-making on coastal master plan. GIS for coastal resources management can be used to display spatial
databases that are related to some problems: 1 coastal physical database including bathymetrytopography, morphology, land cover, sedimentation, erosion
and deposition, climate, habitat boundary, etc, and 2 human-social coverage, a database that includes administrative boundary, population distribution,
transportation, and any other human-social characteristics. GIS database is used for coastal and marine resources management for a knowing natural resources
exploitation level b meeting variation human needs, and c keep existing coastal ecosystem Gunawan, 2000.
Generally, the advantages of using GIS for natural resources planning and management are 1 integration data from any other data format graphic, text,
analog and digital 2 good data exchange from any knowledge 3 efficient and effective processing and analyzing 4 modeling and comparing some alternative
of activities before being applied in field 5 efficient in data updating, especially graphical model, 6 accommodate large data volume Dahuri, 1997
GIS has great contribution for coastal ecosystem management 1 it is helpful to facility some sectors, private and local government that plan something
to mapping and integration of optimal options management and alternative planning. Planning sectors are expected to be able to select what activities
reasonable to perform. 2 As a tool that is used to support coastal resources management with environmental knowledge. Using GIS, it is easy and faster to
perform spatial analysis and monitoring toward coastal ecosystem changing Gunawan, 1998.
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2.7. Land Suitability Analysis
