LAPORAN TUGAS AKHIR - Welcome to Repositori Universitas Muria Kudus - Repositori Universitas Muria Kudus
LAPORAN TUGAS AKHIR
UJI PENGARUH KECEPATAN PUTAR DAN WAKTU
PROSES PENIRISAN TERHADAP KADAR MINYAK
GORENGAN PADA MESIN MINI SPINNER
PORTABLE
AGUS FERY ANGGRIAWAN
NIM. 201454075
DOSEN PEMBIMBING
ROCHMAD WINARSO, S.T., M.T
QOMARUDDIN, S.T., M.T
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN (SI)
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MURIA KUDUS
2018
UJI PENGARUH KECEPATAN PUTAR DAN WAKTU PROSES
PENIRISAN TERHADAP KADAR MINYAK GORENGAN PADA MESIN
MINI SPINNER PORTABLE
Nama mahasiswa : Agus Fery Anggriawan
NIM : 201454075 Pembimbing : 1. Rochmad Winarso, S.T., M.T.2. Qomaruddin, S.T., M.T.
RINGKASAN
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecepatan putar danwaktu proses penirisan terhadap kadar minyak gorengan pada mesin mini spinner
portable. Dengan menggunakan metode soxhlet akan mengetahui kadar minyak
yang dihasilkan pada gorengan. Kecepatan putar penirisan meliputi 600 rpm, 900
rpm, dan 1200 rpm. Sedangkan waktu penirisan meliputi 30 detik, 90 detik dan
150 detik. Pengujian kecepatan putar dilakukan 3 kali dengan waktu penirisan
yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kecepatan
putar maka hasil penirisan semakin baik. Hasil kadar minyak tertinggi dengan
kecepatan putar 600 rpm, waktu penirisan 30 detik dan presentase penurunan
8.4% namun hasil minyak lebih banyak sebesar 14.1 gr. Ini menunjukkan dalam
kategori kurang baik. Hasil kadar minyak terendah terdapat pada kecepatan putar
1200 rpm dan waktu penirisan 150 detik serta presentase penurunan yang tertinggi
sebesar 40.2% dengan hasil minyak 9.2 gr. Ini menunjukkan hasil tersebut dalam
kategori baik.Kata kunci : mini spinner portable, soxhlet, kecepatan putar, waktu penirisan, kadar minyak
TEST OF THE SPEED AND TIME SPEED INFLUENCE OF THE
TREATMENT PROCESS ON THE COATING OIL CONTENT IN THE
PORTABLE MINI SPINNER MACHINE
Student Name : Agus Fery Anggriawan Student Identity Number : 201454075 Supervisor : 1. Rochmad Winarso, S.T., M.T.2. Qomaruddin, S.T., M.T.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this reseach is to rotating speed and processing time tofried food oil content at mini spinner portable machine. To use soxhlet method
will knowing oil content that result at the fried food. Rotating speed draining is
600 rpm, 900 rpm, and 1200 rpm. While draining time covering 30 second, 90
second, 150 second. Test to rotating speed do 3 time with time draining that
different this research have result that the higher it is rotating speed then the
result of draining the best it is. Oil content the result highest there is at rotating
speed 600 rpm, draining time 30 second and decreasep percentage 8.4% but the
result more oils as big as 14.1 gr the showing bad category.oil content the result
lowest there is at rotating speed 1200 rpm and draining time 150 second and a
decrease precentage higher have result 40.2 % the result of oil 9.2 gr. This result
showing good category.
Keywords : mini spinner portable, soxhlet, rotating speed, draining time, and oil
content.
KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamu’alaikum Warrahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.Segala puja dan puji syukur bagi Allah SWT, sholawat serta salam tetap tercurah kepada junjungan kita Nabi Agung Muhammad SAW. Dengan rahmat serta ridho-Nya akhirnya penulisan laporan tugas akhir yang berjudul “Uji
Pengaruh Kecepatan Putar Dan Waktu Proses Penirisan Terhadap Kadar Minyak
Gorengan Pada Mesin Mini Spinner Portable” dapat terselesaikan.
Dalam proses peneyelesaian laporan ini banyak pihak yang telah
membantu, baik secara langsun maupun secara tidak langsung, secara moral,materi maupun secara doa. Untuk itu pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan
banyak terima kasih dan rasa hormat yang sebesar-besarnya kepada:1. Bapak Rektor Universitas Muria Kudus.
2. Bapak Mohammad Dahlan, ST., MT., selaku Dekan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muria Kudus.
3. Bapak Rianto Wibowo, ST., M.eng., selaku Ketua Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Muria Kudus.
4. Bapak Rochmad Winarso, ST., MT., selaku Dosen Pembimbing I dan selaku Wakil Rektor III bidang kemahasiswaan Universitas Muria Kudus yang telah meluangkan waktu, wacana, serta perhatian lebih kepada penulis, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan laporan tugas akhir ini.
5. Bapak Qomaruddin, ST., MT., selaku Dosen Pembimbing II dan selaku Koordinator Skripsi Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Muria Kudus yang telah memberi masukan serta nasehat yang membangun dalam membimbing penulisan selama penyusunan laporan akhir.
6. Bapak dosen tim penguji tugas akhir.
7. Kepada seluruh dosen Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Muria Kudus yang telah memberikan ilmunya, terimakasih atas ilmu yang telah diberikan semoga penulis dapat mengamalkan serta menjadi amal jariyah.
8. Kepada Laboran Teknik Mesin Universitas Muria Kudus, terimakasih telah meluangkan waktunya dalam peminjaman alat-alat laboran.
9. Keluarga besar penulis yang tersayang, ibuk, bapak, adik yang telah memberikan do’anya yang senantiasa mendukung penuh untuk kesuksesan serta penyelesaian laporan akhir ini, baik moril maupun materil.
10. Rekan-rekan seperjuangan serta teman-teman mahasiswa Universitas Muria Kudus khususnya Program Studi Teknik Mesin angkatan 2014 yang tentunya tidak dapat saya tulis namanya satu persatu.
11. Semua pihak yang tak dapat saya sebutkan satu persatu atas segala bantuannya pada penulisan tugas akhir ini.
Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan laporan tugas akhir ini belum bisa
dikatakan sempurna. Oleh karena itu penulis mengharapkan sebuah kritikan, saran
serta sumbangan pemikiran dari berbagai pihak yang bersifat membangun damiterciptanya penyusunan laporan yang lebik baik kedepannya. Semoga hasil karya
penulis ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan kita semua.Wassalamu’alaikum warrahmatullahi wabarakatuh.
Kudus, 25 Agustus 2018 Agus Fery Anggriawan
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. i HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. iii PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. iv ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. v ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. vi ................................................................................................................. KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. vii DAFTAR
ISI ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. ix DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. xi DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. xii DAFTAR SIMBOL
................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. xiv ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................. xv BAB
I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
1
1.2 Perumusan Masalah .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
3
1.3 Batasan Masalah .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
4
1.4 Tujuan .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
4
1.5 Manfaat .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
4 BAB
II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................
7
2.1 Mesin Spinner .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
7
2.2 Gaya Sentrifugal
................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................
10
2.3 Potensiometer .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
10
2.3.2 Jenis – Jenis Potensiometer .................................................................... 12
2.3.3 Pengaplikasian Potensiometer ................................................................ 13
2.4 Minyak goreng .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
14
2.4.1 Sifat Fisik Dan Kimia Minyak Goreng .................................................. 15
2.4.2 Jenis – Jenis Minyak Goreng ................................................................. 15
2.4.3 Dampak Kandungan Minyak Dalam Makanan ...................................... 16
2.4.4 Dampak Yang Diakibatkan Mengkonsumsi Minyak Goreng Berlebihan .............................................................................................. 16
2.4.5 Cara Mengurangi Kadar Minyak Goreng Secara Manual ...................... 18
2.5 Ekstraksi .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
19
2.5.1 Faktor – Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Proses Ekstraksi .....................................................................................................
20
- – 2.5.2 Macam Macam Metode Ekstraksi ..................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
21
- – 2.5.3 Jenis Jenis Pelarut Ekstraksi ..................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
23
2.6 Penentuan Kadar Minyak .................................................................................................................
24
2.7 Analisis Data .................................................................................................................
24 BAB
III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................27
3.1 Diagram Alir Penelitian ....................................................................
................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................
27 Dan Bahan
3.2 Alat .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
28 .......................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
28
3.2.2 Bahan Dalam Proses Penirisan .......................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
30
3.2.3 Alat Dan Bahan Pengujian Kadar Minyak .......................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
30
3.3 Tempat Dan Waktu Penelitian .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
30
3.4 Metode Penelitian .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
31
3.5 Metode Analisis Data .................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
32
3.5.1 Populasi Dan Sampel .......................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
32
3.5.2 Variabel Penelitian .......................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
33
3.5.3 Analisis Data .......................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................
34 BAB
IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................
37
4.1 Hasil Pengujian .................................................................................................................
4.3 Pembahasan .................................................................................................................
51 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
.................................................................................................................
5.2 Saran .................................................................................................................
51
.................................................................................................................
5.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................................
51
V PENUTUP ................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................
48 BAB
.................................................................................................................
47
.................................................................................................................
F) ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
4.2.3 Uji Signifikasi Simultan (Uji
46
.......................................................................................................
4.2.2 Uji Signifikasi Parameter Individual (Uji T) .......................................................................................................
45
.......................................................................................................
4.2.1 Analisa Regresi Ganda .......................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
4.2 Analisis Data .................................................................................................................
37
LAMPIRAN BIODATA PENULIS
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Mini Spinner Portable ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................
9 Gambar 2.2 Gaya Sentrifugal ..................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
10 Gambar 2.3 Potensiometer Putar ..................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
11 Gambar 2.4 Simbol Potensiometer Standar
IEC ..................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
11 Gambar 2.5 Simbol Potensiometer Standar ANSI ..................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
11 Gambar 2.6 Saringan Minyak Manual ..................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
19 Gambar 2.7 Penirisan Menggunakan Tisu ..................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
19 Gambar 2.8
1 Set Alat Soxhlet ..................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
22 Gambar 2.9 Alat Destilasi ..................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
22 Gambar 2.10 Metode Titrasi ..................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
23 Gambar 3.1 Diagram Alir Penelitian
..................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
27 Gambar 3.2 Mini Spinner Portable ..................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
28 Gambar 3.3 Tachometer ..................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
29 Gambar 3.4 Timbangan Digital ..................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
29 Gambar 4.1 Grafik Hasil Kadar Minyak ..................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................
44
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Tabel SNI 01-3741-2002 Standar Mutu Minyak Goreng ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
14 Tabel 2.2 Tabel SNI 3741-1995 Standar Mutu Minyak Goreng ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
15 Tabel 3.1 Alat Dan Bahan Metode Soxhlet ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
30 Tabel 3.2 Penentuan Jumlah Sampel ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
33 Tabel 4.1 Hasil Pengujian 600 Rpm Waktu 30 Detik ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
37 Tabel 4.2 Hasil Pengujian 600 Rpm Waktu 90 Detik ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
38 Tabel 4.3 Hasil Pengujian 600 Rpm Waktu 150 Detik ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
38 Tabel 4.4 Hasil Pengujian 900 Rpm Waktu 30 Detik ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
39 Tabel 4.5 Hasil Pengujian 900 Rpm Waktu 90 Detik ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
40 Tabel 4.6 Hasil Pengujian 900 Rpm Waktu 150 Detik ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
40 Tabel 4.7 Hasil Pengujian 1200 Rpm Waktu 30 Detik
....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
41 Tabel 4.8 Hasil Pengujian 1200 Rpm Waktu 90 Detik ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
41 Tabel 4.9 Hasil Pengujian 1200 Rpm Waktu 150 Detik ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
42 Tabel 4.10 Hasil Pengujian Penirisan Manual ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
43 Tabel 4.11 Perbandingan Hasil Penirisan ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
43 Tabel 4.12 Nilai Koefisien Regresi ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
45 Tabel 4.13 Hasil Uji T ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
46 Tabel 4.14 Anova ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
48 Tabel 4.15 Hasil Uji Statistik F ....................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................
48
DAFTAR SIMBOL Simbol Keterangan Satuan Nomor Persamaan ´x Nilai rata – rata gr 37,40,43
Ʃ Jumlah hasil uji 38,39,40
n Jumlah gr 39,41,42