English Vocabulary Of A 7 Year Old American Boy Chapter III IV
3. DATA ANALYSIS
Nanawi (1991:30) states that method of research is divided into three parts.
Those are laboratory research, library research, and field research. In this paper, the
writer uses field research method. The data are English utterances and parts of speech
used by a 7 year old American boy. The writer also gets some information from
internet and other related sources.
The writer organises the analysing into four steps, they are:
1)
Explained vocabulary.
2)
Explained the types of part of speech.
3)
Found out the most dominant type of part of speech in English vocabulary of a
7 year old Americanboy.
In this study, the writer analyses the data by using descriptive and quantitative
method by using the data like numbers with percentage classification to get the most
dominant part of speech found in English utterances of a 7 year old American boy.
The following formula is from Nawawi (1991: 150):
N= Frequency of part of speech
X= Number of part of speech based on its type
Y= Total of part of speech
Universitas Sumatera Utara
The data described are taken fromutterances of a 7 year old American boy.
The writeranalyses the sequence of language acquisition development, the types of
vocabulary and all its parts, and the types of part of speech.
After analysing all utterances of a 7 year old American boy, the writer
separatesthem into each type of part of speech. He also explaines the function of each
part of speech one by one. At last, he shows them in a table to know the frequency of
the data and then comes to the conclusion to get the most dominant vocabulary.
3.1
Vocabulary
According to Hurlock (1978: 187) of the children studied two types of
vocabulary that is common vocabulary and specialized vocabulary. General
vocabulary consists of words which can be used in different situations. Specialized
vocabulary consists of words specific meanings that are only used in certain
situations. Hurlock (1978: 188) suggests the types of vocabulary, namely:
1)
General Vocabulary
General vocabulary consists of noun, verb, adjective, and adverb.
(1)
Noun.
The first word used by a child is a noun, generally monosyllabic taken from
the sound of chatter favored.
(2)
Verb.
After children learn enough noun to mention the names and the surrounding
objects, they begin to learn new words in particular that describe actions such
as "give", "take" or "hold".
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(3)
Adjective.
The adjective appears in the vocabulary of children aged 1.5 years. At first the
adjective most commonly used is "good", "bad", "nice", "naughty", "hot" and
"cold". In principle, these words are used in people, food and beverages.
(4)
Adverb.
Adverb used at the same age for adjectives. Adverbs that appear earliest in the
vocabulary of children, generally are "here" and "where".
2)
Spesial Vocabulary
Special vocabulary consists of color vocabulary, number vocabulary,
time vocabulary, money vocabulary, slang vocabulary and oath vocabulary.
(1)
Color Vocabulary.
Most children know the basic color name at the age of 4 years. How they will
learn the names of other colors depend on learning opportunities and their
interest about the color.
(2)
Number Vocabulary.
In the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale, five-year-old child is expected to
calculate the three objects and is expected to calculate the 3 objects and at the
age of 6 years is expected fairly well understood the word "three", "nine",
"five" to count the beans.
(3)
Time Vocabulary.
Usually children aged 6 or 7 years to know the meaning of morning,
afternoon, summer and rainy season.
(4)
Money Vocabulary.
Children aged 4 or 5 years of start naming coins according to size and color.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
(5)
Slang Vocabulary.
Most children aged 4 to 8 years old boys especially using slang to express
emotion and togetherness with a peer group.
(6)
Oath Vocabulary.
Oath, used especially by children start at school age to claim that he was great,
freshly aware of inferiority, assert his manhood and attract attention.
3)
The Expansion of Vocabulary
Keraf (2001: 65-67) divided the stage of vocabulary expansion as follows:
(1)
Childhood.
Expansion of vocabulary in children is more concerned with the vocabulary, in
particular the ability to nominations concrete ideas (real). He only needs to
mention the words term basis regardless.
(2)
Adolescence.
At the time of stepping on school children, that process is still running
continually added to the process is held to master the language and expanding
vocabulary.
(3)
Adulthood.
In a person who grow up, both the process was continued. The expansion
process goes more intensively for about a man who is considered as a mature
society, he must know a variety of things, a variety of expertise and skills, and
should also get in touch with members of the community with all of it.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
4)
Control of Vocabulary
Vocabulary is very important in language, the richer the vocabulary of a
person, the greater the person's skill in using the language (Tarin, 1989). Fahrudin and
Jamaris (2005) argue that the ability vocabulary divided into two groups: receptive
vocabulary and productive.
(1)
Receptive control is understanding the process of what is spoken by others,
receptive interpreted as passive mastery.
(2)
Productive control is the process of communicating ideas, thoughts, feelings
through a linguistic form.
Vocabulary in activities and daily life have a very large role, as the fruit of
one's mind can only be understood clearly by others if expressed in terms of
vocabulary. Furthermore Pustejovsky in Fahrudin and Jamaris (2005: 12) argues that
the capacity of one's language is a reflection of its ability to characterize and
demonstrate the meaning of certain words.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
3.2
Types of Part of Speech
List of parts of speech found in English vocabulary of a 7 year old American boy.
NOUN
VERB
School
ADJECTIVE
ADVERB
PRONOUN
PREPOSITION
CONJUNCTION
INTERJECTION
ARTICLE
Celeb- Sad
Some-
She
At
And
Hi!
The zoo
rate
times
Yes, Sir!
The beach
Friends
Think
Good
Only
I
In
Then
Fireworks
Give-
Scary
Forever
You
Out
Because
The kids
Spicy
Just
These
There
But
The
up
Mom
Play
18
United
States
Pork
Love
Big
Birthday
Swim- Gross
Never
It
About
They
After that
ming
Rice
Make
Compound
Very
Beef
Eating
Interesting
Every
Single
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Day
Pancake
Like
Hot
Brownies
Get-
Mush
up
Coffee
Talk-
Applesauce
ed
19
Animals
Pet
Words
Can
Jellyfish
Do
Jungle
Turns
Action
See
All-day
Adventure
Home
Preston
Monkeybars
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Grandma
Mind
Ana
Burton
Houses
Couch
Cushion
Living
room
20
Videos
Civet
Beans
Poop
Math
Reading
Algebra
Maps
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Butterscotch
Moonshine
Zoo
Omaha
Nebraska
United
States
21
Stingrays
Cousins
Video
Games
Brain
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1)
Noun
This part of speech is used to name people, objects, animals, places,
and abstract concepts.
2)
Verb
This part of speech is used to indicate the action of the subject,
showing events or circumstances.
3)
Adjective
This part of speech is used to describe a noun or pronoun.
4)
Adverb
This part of speech is used to describe a verb, an adjective, or another
adverb.
5)
Pronoun
Pronoun is used to replace the noun. This part of speech is useful to
avoid repetition noun usage.
6)
Preposition
This part of speech combined by noun or pronoun to form a phrase
(prepositional phrase) that describes a verb, noun or adjective.
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7)
Conjunction
This part of speech is used to connect two words, phrases, clause, or
paragraph.
8)
Interjection
Interjection is a short greeting that is used to express emotions.
9)
Article
This part of speech is used to know or assume that our listener is
familiar with and thinking about the same specific thing or person you
are talking about.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Referred to the attachment, there are 98 English words in English utterances
of a 7 year old American boy. Those are: 45 nouns, 16 verbs, 12 adjectives, 8 adverbs,
6 pronouns, 4 prepositions, 5 conjunctions, 2 interjections, and 4 articles.
The percentage of each type of part of speech could be reported as shown in
the following table by using Nawawi’s (1991:150) formula :
N = X 100 %
Y
Where:
X = the total number of type part of speech
Y = the total number of the whole part of speech
N = percentage of the type of part of speech
TABLE I
The percentage of parts of speech found inEnglish utterances of a 7 year old
American boy
No.
Type of Parts of
Speech
Total (X)
Percentage
N = X 100%
Y
1.
Nouns
45
45,9%
2.
Verbs
16
16,3%
3.
Adjectives
12
12,2%
4.
Adverbs
8
08,1%
5.
Pronouns
6
06,1%
6.
Prepositions
4
04,0%
7.
Conjunctions
5
05,1%
8.
Interjections
2
02,0%
9.
Articles
4
04,0%
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Referred to the attachment, there are 98 English vocabularies without
repetition in English utterances of a 7 year old American boy.As the conclusions,
there are 45,9% nouns,16,3% verbs, 12,2% adjectives, 08,1% adverbs, 06,1%
pronouns, 04,0% prepositions, 05,1% conjunctions, 02,0% interjections, and 04,0%
articles. It could be concluded that the most dominant part of speech found inEnglish
utterances of a 7 year old American boywas noun that is about 45,9% or 45
nouns without repetition.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
4.1
Conclusions
1)
The parts of speech found in English utterances of a 7 year old American boy
are noun (45,9% or 45 English noun vocabularies), verb (16,3% or 16
English verb vocabularies),adjective (12,2% or 12 English adjective
vocabularies), adverb (08,1% or 8English adverb vocabularies), pronoun
(06,1% or 6 English pronoun vocabularies), preposition (04,0% or 4 English
preposition vocabularies), conjunction (05,1% or 5 English conjunction
vocabularies), interjection (02,0% or 2 English interjection vocabularies), and
article (04,0% or 4 English article vocabularies).
2)
The most dominant part of speech used in English utterancesof a 7 year old
American boywas Noun (N). It is about 45,9% or 45 English noun
vocabularies.
4.2
Suggestions
1)
The writer hopes by reading this paper,the reader knows briefly the
description of parts of speech found in English utterancesof a 7 year old
American boy.
2)
The writer hopes by reading this paper, the reader knows the structures and
functions of parts of speech in English.
3)
The writer welcomes constructive critisms from the reader for better
improvement in the next writing in the future.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Nanawi (1991:30) states that method of research is divided into three parts.
Those are laboratory research, library research, and field research. In this paper, the
writer uses field research method. The data are English utterances and parts of speech
used by a 7 year old American boy. The writer also gets some information from
internet and other related sources.
The writer organises the analysing into four steps, they are:
1)
Explained vocabulary.
2)
Explained the types of part of speech.
3)
Found out the most dominant type of part of speech in English vocabulary of a
7 year old Americanboy.
In this study, the writer analyses the data by using descriptive and quantitative
method by using the data like numbers with percentage classification to get the most
dominant part of speech found in English utterances of a 7 year old American boy.
The following formula is from Nawawi (1991: 150):
N= Frequency of part of speech
X= Number of part of speech based on its type
Y= Total of part of speech
Universitas Sumatera Utara
The data described are taken fromutterances of a 7 year old American boy.
The writeranalyses the sequence of language acquisition development, the types of
vocabulary and all its parts, and the types of part of speech.
After analysing all utterances of a 7 year old American boy, the writer
separatesthem into each type of part of speech. He also explaines the function of each
part of speech one by one. At last, he shows them in a table to know the frequency of
the data and then comes to the conclusion to get the most dominant vocabulary.
3.1
Vocabulary
According to Hurlock (1978: 187) of the children studied two types of
vocabulary that is common vocabulary and specialized vocabulary. General
vocabulary consists of words which can be used in different situations. Specialized
vocabulary consists of words specific meanings that are only used in certain
situations. Hurlock (1978: 188) suggests the types of vocabulary, namely:
1)
General Vocabulary
General vocabulary consists of noun, verb, adjective, and adverb.
(1)
Noun.
The first word used by a child is a noun, generally monosyllabic taken from
the sound of chatter favored.
(2)
Verb.
After children learn enough noun to mention the names and the surrounding
objects, they begin to learn new words in particular that describe actions such
as "give", "take" or "hold".
Universitas Sumatera Utara
(3)
Adjective.
The adjective appears in the vocabulary of children aged 1.5 years. At first the
adjective most commonly used is "good", "bad", "nice", "naughty", "hot" and
"cold". In principle, these words are used in people, food and beverages.
(4)
Adverb.
Adverb used at the same age for adjectives. Adverbs that appear earliest in the
vocabulary of children, generally are "here" and "where".
2)
Spesial Vocabulary
Special vocabulary consists of color vocabulary, number vocabulary,
time vocabulary, money vocabulary, slang vocabulary and oath vocabulary.
(1)
Color Vocabulary.
Most children know the basic color name at the age of 4 years. How they will
learn the names of other colors depend on learning opportunities and their
interest about the color.
(2)
Number Vocabulary.
In the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale, five-year-old child is expected to
calculate the three objects and is expected to calculate the 3 objects and at the
age of 6 years is expected fairly well understood the word "three", "nine",
"five" to count the beans.
(3)
Time Vocabulary.
Usually children aged 6 or 7 years to know the meaning of morning,
afternoon, summer and rainy season.
(4)
Money Vocabulary.
Children aged 4 or 5 years of start naming coins according to size and color.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
(5)
Slang Vocabulary.
Most children aged 4 to 8 years old boys especially using slang to express
emotion and togetherness with a peer group.
(6)
Oath Vocabulary.
Oath, used especially by children start at school age to claim that he was great,
freshly aware of inferiority, assert his manhood and attract attention.
3)
The Expansion of Vocabulary
Keraf (2001: 65-67) divided the stage of vocabulary expansion as follows:
(1)
Childhood.
Expansion of vocabulary in children is more concerned with the vocabulary, in
particular the ability to nominations concrete ideas (real). He only needs to
mention the words term basis regardless.
(2)
Adolescence.
At the time of stepping on school children, that process is still running
continually added to the process is held to master the language and expanding
vocabulary.
(3)
Adulthood.
In a person who grow up, both the process was continued. The expansion
process goes more intensively for about a man who is considered as a mature
society, he must know a variety of things, a variety of expertise and skills, and
should also get in touch with members of the community with all of it.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
4)
Control of Vocabulary
Vocabulary is very important in language, the richer the vocabulary of a
person, the greater the person's skill in using the language (Tarin, 1989). Fahrudin and
Jamaris (2005) argue that the ability vocabulary divided into two groups: receptive
vocabulary and productive.
(1)
Receptive control is understanding the process of what is spoken by others,
receptive interpreted as passive mastery.
(2)
Productive control is the process of communicating ideas, thoughts, feelings
through a linguistic form.
Vocabulary in activities and daily life have a very large role, as the fruit of
one's mind can only be understood clearly by others if expressed in terms of
vocabulary. Furthermore Pustejovsky in Fahrudin and Jamaris (2005: 12) argues that
the capacity of one's language is a reflection of its ability to characterize and
demonstrate the meaning of certain words.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
3.2
Types of Part of Speech
List of parts of speech found in English vocabulary of a 7 year old American boy.
NOUN
VERB
School
ADJECTIVE
ADVERB
PRONOUN
PREPOSITION
CONJUNCTION
INTERJECTION
ARTICLE
Celeb- Sad
Some-
She
At
And
Hi!
The zoo
rate
times
Yes, Sir!
The beach
Friends
Think
Good
Only
I
In
Then
Fireworks
Give-
Scary
Forever
You
Out
Because
The kids
Spicy
Just
These
There
But
The
up
Mom
Play
18
United
States
Pork
Love
Big
Birthday
Swim- Gross
Never
It
About
They
After that
ming
Rice
Make
Compound
Very
Beef
Eating
Interesting
Every
Single
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Day
Pancake
Like
Hot
Brownies
Get-
Mush
up
Coffee
Talk-
Applesauce
ed
19
Animals
Pet
Words
Can
Jellyfish
Do
Jungle
Turns
Action
See
All-day
Adventure
Home
Preston
Monkeybars
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Grandma
Mind
Ana
Burton
Houses
Couch
Cushion
Living
room
20
Videos
Civet
Beans
Poop
Math
Reading
Algebra
Maps
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Butterscotch
Moonshine
Zoo
Omaha
Nebraska
United
States
21
Stingrays
Cousins
Video
Games
Brain
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1)
Noun
This part of speech is used to name people, objects, animals, places,
and abstract concepts.
2)
Verb
This part of speech is used to indicate the action of the subject,
showing events or circumstances.
3)
Adjective
This part of speech is used to describe a noun or pronoun.
4)
Adverb
This part of speech is used to describe a verb, an adjective, or another
adverb.
5)
Pronoun
Pronoun is used to replace the noun. This part of speech is useful to
avoid repetition noun usage.
6)
Preposition
This part of speech combined by noun or pronoun to form a phrase
(prepositional phrase) that describes a verb, noun or adjective.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
7)
Conjunction
This part of speech is used to connect two words, phrases, clause, or
paragraph.
8)
Interjection
Interjection is a short greeting that is used to express emotions.
9)
Article
This part of speech is used to know or assume that our listener is
familiar with and thinking about the same specific thing or person you
are talking about.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Referred to the attachment, there are 98 English words in English utterances
of a 7 year old American boy. Those are: 45 nouns, 16 verbs, 12 adjectives, 8 adverbs,
6 pronouns, 4 prepositions, 5 conjunctions, 2 interjections, and 4 articles.
The percentage of each type of part of speech could be reported as shown in
the following table by using Nawawi’s (1991:150) formula :
N = X 100 %
Y
Where:
X = the total number of type part of speech
Y = the total number of the whole part of speech
N = percentage of the type of part of speech
TABLE I
The percentage of parts of speech found inEnglish utterances of a 7 year old
American boy
No.
Type of Parts of
Speech
Total (X)
Percentage
N = X 100%
Y
1.
Nouns
45
45,9%
2.
Verbs
16
16,3%
3.
Adjectives
12
12,2%
4.
Adverbs
8
08,1%
5.
Pronouns
6
06,1%
6.
Prepositions
4
04,0%
7.
Conjunctions
5
05,1%
8.
Interjections
2
02,0%
9.
Articles
4
04,0%
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Referred to the attachment, there are 98 English vocabularies without
repetition in English utterances of a 7 year old American boy.As the conclusions,
there are 45,9% nouns,16,3% verbs, 12,2% adjectives, 08,1% adverbs, 06,1%
pronouns, 04,0% prepositions, 05,1% conjunctions, 02,0% interjections, and 04,0%
articles. It could be concluded that the most dominant part of speech found inEnglish
utterances of a 7 year old American boywas noun that is about 45,9% or 45
nouns without repetition.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
4.1
Conclusions
1)
The parts of speech found in English utterances of a 7 year old American boy
are noun (45,9% or 45 English noun vocabularies), verb (16,3% or 16
English verb vocabularies),adjective (12,2% or 12 English adjective
vocabularies), adverb (08,1% or 8English adverb vocabularies), pronoun
(06,1% or 6 English pronoun vocabularies), preposition (04,0% or 4 English
preposition vocabularies), conjunction (05,1% or 5 English conjunction
vocabularies), interjection (02,0% or 2 English interjection vocabularies), and
article (04,0% or 4 English article vocabularies).
2)
The most dominant part of speech used in English utterancesof a 7 year old
American boywas Noun (N). It is about 45,9% or 45 English noun
vocabularies.
4.2
Suggestions
1)
The writer hopes by reading this paper,the reader knows briefly the
description of parts of speech found in English utterancesof a 7 year old
American boy.
2)
The writer hopes by reading this paper, the reader knows the structures and
functions of parts of speech in English.
3)
The writer welcomes constructive critisms from the reader for better
improvement in the next writing in the future.
Universitas Sumatera Utara