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For example: “Your room is clean”
The expression above can be considered above can be considered as Irony when the expression above is uttered to the person who has the dirty room.
2.7.3 Simile
Simile is a kind of figurative meaning comparing two essentially unlike things. Simile expresses a direct comparison between things, which have one or more points in common and
be recognized by the use of the word ‘like’ and ‘as’. The word simile comes from the same Latin word ‘simile’, which mean ‘like’.
Tarigan 1985 : 9 says that “kata simile berasal dari kata latin yang bermakna ‘seperti’. Simile adalah perbandingan dua hal yang pada hakekatnya berlainan dan yang
dengan sengaja kita anggap sama”. Barnhart 1995:118 says, “A simile is figurative of speech in which two quite
different things are compared because they appear to be similar in at least on characteristic”. Simile is also used to add clarify to the language or make it more careful.
For example: “Her smile was like the sun”
In the expression above consists of simile. Simile and sun is comparing as a subject. Because the girl was very happy at the time, like the sun shine in the morning, ‘sunny’. It comparison
of things that have pints of likeness.
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2.7.4 Litotes
Litotes is a figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negative or opposite. Litotes is a form of understatement always deliberate and
with the intention of subtle emphasis. However, the interpretation of litotes can depend on context, including cultural context. In speech, it may also depend on intonation and emphasis.
Tarigan 1985 : 58 says that “Litotes adalah sejenis gaya bahasa yang mengandung pernyataan yang dikecil-kecilkan, dikurangi dari kenyataan yang sebenarnya, misalnya yang
merendahkan diri”.
For example:
“Please come to my little house”
In the expression above the speaker lies about his house because the expression above shows less than actually the case because actually he has a big and beautiful house.
2.7.5 Hyperbole
Hyperbole is one exaggerated way which consists of an exaggerated statement which is not meant to be taken literally. Hyperbola is also known as overstatement. The word
hyperbole itself is derived from Greek words ‘hyper’ means over, and, ‘ballein’ means throw. Hyperbole is usually used to emphasize certain point with a statement containing exaggerates
the number, size or even the quality of something in other to emphasize certain points in statement.
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Webster’s Dictionary 1971:112 defined that hyperbole is an extravagant exaggeration that represent something as much greater or lest, better of worse or more intense
that it really is depicts the impossible as actual.
According to Keraf 1991:135, “Hyperbole adalah semacam gaya bahasa yang mengandung suatu pernyataan yang berlebihan, dengan membesar-besarkan sesuatu hal”
For example:
- I’m doing over 8000 things right now.
- These books weight a ton.
In the first expression consist of the exaggeration, because the phrase ‘doing over 8000 things’ means she or he is busy.
And in the second expression, the phrase ‘weight a ton’ indicates an exaggeration. Through the phrase, the speaker wants to emphasize those books are heavy.
2.7.6 Metaphor
