Shift In Movie Subtitling The Pursuit Of Happyness
SHIFT IN MOVIE SUBTITLING THE PURSUIT OF HAPPYNESS
A THESIS
BY
MUHAMMAD JAROT PRAYITNO
REG. NO. 080705061
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, SINTA PUSPITA SARI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSE WHERE
OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE
QUALIFIED FOR OR WARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON‟S
WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN
TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE
AWARD OF ABOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date
:
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: MUHAMMAD JAROT PRAYITNO
TITLE OF THESIS
: SHIFT IN MOVIE SUBTITLING THE PURSUIT OF
HAPPYNESS
QUALIFICATION
:S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT
OF ENGLISH,
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF
SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE
AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF
INDONESIA.
Signed :
Date
:
Universitas Sumatera Utara
SHIFT IN MOVIE SUBTITLING THE PURSUIT OF HAPPYNESS
A THESIS BY
MUHAMMAD JAROT PRAYITNO
REG. NO. 080705061
SUPERVISIOR
CO – SUPERVISIOR
Dr. H. MuhizarMuchtar, M.S
Rudy Sofyan, SS, M. Hum
19541117 198003 1 002
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of SarjanaSastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2013
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Suatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The SarjanaSastra Examination
Head,
Dr. H. MuhizarMuchtar, M.S
Secretary,
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph. D
19541117 198003 1 002
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer want to thank to the One and Only, his Almighty God,
Allah SWT for everything God give him, health, strength and ability to finish this thesis.
For every bless and for every answered prayer.
Secondly, the writer want to say thank you very much to the Head of English
Department and also his academic advisor and his Supervisor Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar,
M.S, and the secretary of English Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D who
have given the writer an opportunity and support to finish this thesis. The writer also
very thankful to his great supervisor, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S and his cosupervisor, Rudi Sofyan, SS, M.Hum. Thank you for their helps, guidance,
understanding, contribution and all your advice and motivations you have given to him
are so precious and useful for his improvement. The writer‟s thank to Alm. Bang Am
(Amran) as the administrator staff of English Department for all of his help and
contribution in finishing the administration matters.
Especially, the writer would like to give his special thanks to his beloved parents
and family, his father, Edy Prayitno, and his mother Rahmah, his sisters and brothers
Revi Sartika Dewi and Reni Retno Sari,Amd, Muhammad Reza Prayitno and
Muhammad Satria Ramadhan. Pa, Ma, brothers and sisters thank you so much for your
unconditional love, support, motivation, pray, either moral or material.
The writer also would like to thanks to his friends, 08 batch, especially for Budi,
Adith, Dina, Kyky, Suci and Fitri, also his senior and best friend Bang Zulfikar, Bang
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tessen, Gullit and Mawardi (Cimao), thank you so much for your help in completing
this thesis and for all who has help the writer in finishing this thesis that the writer can
not mention one by one.
Special thanks and appreciation to his lover and best friend Zen Elvia, the one
who always ready to helps the writer in finishing his thesis. Thank you for motivation
and laugh that we share, for the great moments, and unforgettable memories during this
unforgettable moments.
Finally, the writer realizes there are still many weaknesses in this thesis.
However he hopes this thesis can give some contributions to the others. The writer waits
for critics that help him to be better in the future.
Medan, April
, 2014
TheWriter
Muhammad Jarot Prayitno
REG. No 080705061
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul Shift in Movie Subtitling The Pursuit of Happyness. Skripsi
ini menganalisis pergeseran kata (word-shifts) yang terjadi pada teks film The Pursuit of
Happyness dari bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk
menemukan pergeseran-pergeseran kategori (Category-shifts) yang terdiri dari
pergeseran struktur, pergeseran unit, pergeseran kelas kata dan pergeseran intra sistem
dalam pengalihbahasaan teks film dari bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dan
untuk mengetahui pergeseran yang paling mendominasi dari pergeseran kategori. Teori
yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasikan pergeseran tersebut ialah teori Catford tahun
1965 yang menyatakan pergeseran terjadi dalam unit bahasa dalam tataran manapun.
Data yang dianalisis dalam skripsi ini adalah teks film The Pursuit of Happyness yang
berjumlah 1.375 data, yaitu teks dalam bahasa Inggris dan teks bahasa Indonesia yang
sudah terlebih dahulu dipisahkan menjadi bait-bait subtitle yang terdiri atas kalimat,
klausa, frasa dan kata.. Dari analisis yang telah dilakukan, ditemukan 165 pergeseran
kategori yang terpisah atas; 63 atau 38,18% data pada pergeseran struktur, 42 atau
25,46% data pada pergeseran unit, 28 atau 16,97% data pergeseran kelas kata, dan 32
atau 19,39% data pada pergeseran intra system. Dari empat jenis pergeseran yang
terbagi dalam pergeseran kategori, pergeseran stuktur merupakan pergeseran yang
paling mendominasi dengan 63 atau 38,18% data dalam subtitle The Pursuit of
Happyness.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
This title of this thesis is Shift in Movie Subtitling The Pursuit of Happyness.
Analyzing about shift which occurs in the translation of subtitle The pursuit of Happyness
from English to Bahasa Indonesia. Catford theory becomes the main core of the analysis
in this present thesis, he says “The replacement of textual material in one language by
equivalent textual material in another language” and he clarifies that shift divided into two
major types; Level shift and Category shift. This thesis is focuses to describing the
category shift which divided in to four type, they are; structure shift, unit shift, class shift,
and intra-system about how it perform and to find out the most dominant shift among it.
The data are the subtitling text of The Pursuit of Happyness movie. The running time of
the movie is about 117 minutes, contain 1.375 subtitle which already separated into
sentences, clauses, phrases and words. Based on the research process, the writer found
there are 165 occurrences of Category Shifts in the subtitling of “The Pursuit of
Happyness” movie. The most dominant shift in the subtitle is structure shifts with 63
(38,18%) occurrences, then Unit Shift with 42 (25,46%) occurrences, class shift 28
(16,97%) occurrences and 32 (19,39%) occurrences of Intra System Shift..
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………….. i
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………….. iii
TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………………………………… v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS…………………………………………………… viii
LIST OF FIGURE………………………………………………………………… ix
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study……………………………. 1
1.2
Scope of the Study………………………………...... 4
1.3
Problem of the Study……………………………….. 4
1.4
Objective of the Study……………………………… 4
1.5
Significance of the Study…………………………… 5
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1
Review of Related Literature………………...……… 6
2.2.
Translation…………………………………………. 7
2.2.1
Definition of Translation…………………………… 7
2.2.2
Function of Translation……………………………. 8
2.2.3
Process of Translation……………………………… 8
2.2.4
Types of Translation……………………………….. 9
2.3
Shifts……………………………………………….. 11
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
2.3.1
Level Shift…………………………………………. 11
2.3.2
Category Shift……………………………………… 12
2.4
Five Unit of Ranks in English………………………13
2.5
Subtitle…………………………………………….. 16
2.5.1
Subtitle Rules……………………………………… 17
METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research Method…………………………………... 20
3.2
Data and Data Source…………………………….. 20
3.3
Data Collection Procedure………………………… 21
3.4
Data Analysis Procedure…..……………………… 21
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1
Data Analysis………………………………………. 23
4.1.1
Structure Shifts…………………………………….. 23
4.2.2
1.
Det + Mod + N…………………………….. 23
2.
Mod + N……………………………………. 26
3.
Det + Det +N………………………………. 27
4.
S + V + C………………………………….. 27
5.
Active. …………………………………….. 27
Unit Shift..………………………………………… .28
1.
Unit Shift from Word to Phrase…………… 28
2.
Unit Shift from Word to Clause…………… 29
3.
Unit Shift from Phrase to Word…………… 29
4.
Unit Shift from Clause to Phrase…………... 30
Universitas Sumatera Utara
5
4.1.3
CHAPTER V
Unit Shift from Sentence to Clause……….. 30
Class Shift………………………………………….. 30
1.
Class Shift from Noun to Verb……………. 30
2.
Class Shift from Verb to Noun……………. 31
3.
Class Shift from Adjective to Verb……….. 31
4.
Class Shift from N. Phrase to V. Phrase….. 32
5.
Class Shift from Adjective to Noun………. 32
6.
Class Shift from Verb to Adjective………. 32
7.
Class Shift from Adverb to Verb…………. 33
8.
Class Shift from Noun to Adjective………. 33
4.1.4
Intra-System-Shift…………………………………. 33
4.2
Data Findings……………………………………… 35
4.2.1
Structure Shift……………………………………… 36
4.2.2
Unit Shift…………………………………………… 42
4.2.3
Class Shift………………………………………….. 45
4.2.4
Intra-System-Shift…………………………………. 48
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1
Conclusions………………………………………… 52
5.2
Suggestion…………………………………………. 53
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………… 54
APENDIX
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Adj
Adjective
Adv
Adverb
C
Clause
Com
Complement
Det
Determination
Mod
Modifier
N
Noun
SL
Source Language
ST
Source Text
TL
Target Language
TT
Target Text
V
Verb
List of figure:
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1(page 8): Diagram of Translation Process (Source: Coliludin (2006:31))
Universitas Sumatera Utara
A THESIS
BY
MUHAMMAD JAROT PRAYITNO
REG. NO. 080705061
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2014
Universitas Sumatera Utara
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, SINTA PUSPITA SARI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS
THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS
THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSE WHERE
OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE
QUALIFIED FOR OR WARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON‟S
WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN
TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE
AWARD OF ABOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date
:
Universitas Sumatera Utara
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME
: MUHAMMAD JAROT PRAYITNO
TITLE OF THESIS
: SHIFT IN MOVIE SUBTITLING THE PURSUIT OF
HAPPYNESS
QUALIFICATION
:S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT
: ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT
OF ENGLISH,
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF
SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE
AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF
INDONESIA.
Signed :
Date
:
Universitas Sumatera Utara
SHIFT IN MOVIE SUBTITLING THE PURSUIT OF HAPPYNESS
A THESIS BY
MUHAMMAD JAROT PRAYITNO
REG. NO. 080705061
SUPERVISIOR
CO – SUPERVISIOR
Dr. H. MuhizarMuchtar, M.S
Rudy Sofyan, SS, M. Hum
19541117 198003 1 002
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of SarjanaSastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2013
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Suatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The SarjanaSastra Examination
Head,
Dr. H. MuhizarMuchtar, M.S
Secretary,
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph. D
19541117 198003 1 002
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer want to thank to the One and Only, his Almighty God,
Allah SWT for everything God give him, health, strength and ability to finish this thesis.
For every bless and for every answered prayer.
Secondly, the writer want to say thank you very much to the Head of English
Department and also his academic advisor and his Supervisor Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar,
M.S, and the secretary of English Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D who
have given the writer an opportunity and support to finish this thesis. The writer also
very thankful to his great supervisor, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S and his cosupervisor, Rudi Sofyan, SS, M.Hum. Thank you for their helps, guidance,
understanding, contribution and all your advice and motivations you have given to him
are so precious and useful for his improvement. The writer‟s thank to Alm. Bang Am
(Amran) as the administrator staff of English Department for all of his help and
contribution in finishing the administration matters.
Especially, the writer would like to give his special thanks to his beloved parents
and family, his father, Edy Prayitno, and his mother Rahmah, his sisters and brothers
Revi Sartika Dewi and Reni Retno Sari,Amd, Muhammad Reza Prayitno and
Muhammad Satria Ramadhan. Pa, Ma, brothers and sisters thank you so much for your
unconditional love, support, motivation, pray, either moral or material.
The writer also would like to thanks to his friends, 08 batch, especially for Budi,
Adith, Dina, Kyky, Suci and Fitri, also his senior and best friend Bang Zulfikar, Bang
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tessen, Gullit and Mawardi (Cimao), thank you so much for your help in completing
this thesis and for all who has help the writer in finishing this thesis that the writer can
not mention one by one.
Special thanks and appreciation to his lover and best friend Zen Elvia, the one
who always ready to helps the writer in finishing his thesis. Thank you for motivation
and laugh that we share, for the great moments, and unforgettable memories during this
unforgettable moments.
Finally, the writer realizes there are still many weaknesses in this thesis.
However he hopes this thesis can give some contributions to the others. The writer waits
for critics that help him to be better in the future.
Medan, April
, 2014
TheWriter
Muhammad Jarot Prayitno
REG. No 080705061
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul Shift in Movie Subtitling The Pursuit of Happyness. Skripsi
ini menganalisis pergeseran kata (word-shifts) yang terjadi pada teks film The Pursuit of
Happyness dari bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Analisis ini bertujuan untuk
menemukan pergeseran-pergeseran kategori (Category-shifts) yang terdiri dari
pergeseran struktur, pergeseran unit, pergeseran kelas kata dan pergeseran intra sistem
dalam pengalihbahasaan teks film dari bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dan
untuk mengetahui pergeseran yang paling mendominasi dari pergeseran kategori. Teori
yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasikan pergeseran tersebut ialah teori Catford tahun
1965 yang menyatakan pergeseran terjadi dalam unit bahasa dalam tataran manapun.
Data yang dianalisis dalam skripsi ini adalah teks film The Pursuit of Happyness yang
berjumlah 1.375 data, yaitu teks dalam bahasa Inggris dan teks bahasa Indonesia yang
sudah terlebih dahulu dipisahkan menjadi bait-bait subtitle yang terdiri atas kalimat,
klausa, frasa dan kata.. Dari analisis yang telah dilakukan, ditemukan 165 pergeseran
kategori yang terpisah atas; 63 atau 38,18% data pada pergeseran struktur, 42 atau
25,46% data pada pergeseran unit, 28 atau 16,97% data pergeseran kelas kata, dan 32
atau 19,39% data pada pergeseran intra system. Dari empat jenis pergeseran yang
terbagi dalam pergeseran kategori, pergeseran stuktur merupakan pergeseran yang
paling mendominasi dengan 63 atau 38,18% data dalam subtitle The Pursuit of
Happyness.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
This title of this thesis is Shift in Movie Subtitling The Pursuit of Happyness.
Analyzing about shift which occurs in the translation of subtitle The pursuit of Happyness
from English to Bahasa Indonesia. Catford theory becomes the main core of the analysis
in this present thesis, he says “The replacement of textual material in one language by
equivalent textual material in another language” and he clarifies that shift divided into two
major types; Level shift and Category shift. This thesis is focuses to describing the
category shift which divided in to four type, they are; structure shift, unit shift, class shift,
and intra-system about how it perform and to find out the most dominant shift among it.
The data are the subtitling text of The Pursuit of Happyness movie. The running time of
the movie is about 117 minutes, contain 1.375 subtitle which already separated into
sentences, clauses, phrases and words. Based on the research process, the writer found
there are 165 occurrences of Category Shifts in the subtitling of “The Pursuit of
Happyness” movie. The most dominant shift in the subtitle is structure shifts with 63
(38,18%) occurrences, then Unit Shift with 42 (25,46%) occurrences, class shift 28
(16,97%) occurrences and 32 (19,39%) occurrences of Intra System Shift..
Universitas Sumatera Utara
TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………….. i
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………….. iii
TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………………………………… v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS…………………………………………………… viii
LIST OF FIGURE………………………………………………………………… ix
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study……………………………. 1
1.2
Scope of the Study………………………………...... 4
1.3
Problem of the Study……………………………….. 4
1.4
Objective of the Study……………………………… 4
1.5
Significance of the Study…………………………… 5
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1
Review of Related Literature………………...……… 6
2.2.
Translation…………………………………………. 7
2.2.1
Definition of Translation…………………………… 7
2.2.2
Function of Translation……………………………. 8
2.2.3
Process of Translation……………………………… 8
2.2.4
Types of Translation……………………………….. 9
2.3
Shifts……………………………………………….. 11
Universitas Sumatera Utara
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
2.3.1
Level Shift…………………………………………. 11
2.3.2
Category Shift……………………………………… 12
2.4
Five Unit of Ranks in English………………………13
2.5
Subtitle…………………………………………….. 16
2.5.1
Subtitle Rules……………………………………… 17
METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research Method…………………………………... 20
3.2
Data and Data Source…………………………….. 20
3.3
Data Collection Procedure………………………… 21
3.4
Data Analysis Procedure…..……………………… 21
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1
Data Analysis………………………………………. 23
4.1.1
Structure Shifts…………………………………….. 23
4.2.2
1.
Det + Mod + N…………………………….. 23
2.
Mod + N……………………………………. 26
3.
Det + Det +N………………………………. 27
4.
S + V + C………………………………….. 27
5.
Active. …………………………………….. 27
Unit Shift..………………………………………… .28
1.
Unit Shift from Word to Phrase…………… 28
2.
Unit Shift from Word to Clause…………… 29
3.
Unit Shift from Phrase to Word…………… 29
4.
Unit Shift from Clause to Phrase…………... 30
Universitas Sumatera Utara
5
4.1.3
CHAPTER V
Unit Shift from Sentence to Clause……….. 30
Class Shift………………………………………….. 30
1.
Class Shift from Noun to Verb……………. 30
2.
Class Shift from Verb to Noun……………. 31
3.
Class Shift from Adjective to Verb……….. 31
4.
Class Shift from N. Phrase to V. Phrase….. 32
5.
Class Shift from Adjective to Noun………. 32
6.
Class Shift from Verb to Adjective………. 32
7.
Class Shift from Adverb to Verb…………. 33
8.
Class Shift from Noun to Adjective………. 33
4.1.4
Intra-System-Shift…………………………………. 33
4.2
Data Findings……………………………………… 35
4.2.1
Structure Shift……………………………………… 36
4.2.2
Unit Shift…………………………………………… 42
4.2.3
Class Shift………………………………………….. 45
4.2.4
Intra-System-Shift…………………………………. 48
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1
Conclusions………………………………………… 52
5.2
Suggestion…………………………………………. 53
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………… 54
APENDIX
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Adj
Adjective
Adv
Adverb
C
Clause
Com
Complement
Det
Determination
Mod
Modifier
N
Noun
SL
Source Language
ST
Source Text
TL
Target Language
TT
Target Text
V
Verb
List of figure:
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1(page 8): Diagram of Translation Process (Source: Coliludin (2006:31))
Universitas Sumatera Utara