CLASS TOTAL STUDENTS MID TERM TEST
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Writing is one of the four skills in teaching English that is the process
of transferring ideas, feeling, and though from the writer to the reader. As one
of the four basic skills, writing is an essential aspect that should be mastered
by the students. Through writing, the students can express their ideas, convey
feeling or a piece of information using language in written form to their
reader fluently and accurately. By writing, the students also acquire their
imaginative and critical thinking ability.
In addition, writing is the expression of idea, the conveying of a
message to the reader, so the ideas themselves should arguably be seen as the
most important aspect of the writing (Ur, 1991; 163). It means that writing is
a way to express/share thought and idea from the writer to the reader by a
text. The writer also pays attention for the using of grammar, punctuation,
and vocabulary when writing.
Related to the concept above, there are some purposes that the students
gain in writing. First, teaching writing reinforces the student’s ability in
grammatical structures, idioms, and vocabularies that the teacher has taught.
Second, when the students write, they actually take an adventure with
language to the beyond of they have just learned to say. Third, when the
students write, they are necessarily to involve in learning new language which
1
2
means that writing is the effort to express ideas and the constant use of eye,
hand, and brain. In fact, this a unique way of learning.
To gain that purpose, the teacher should encourage or facilitate the
students’ to control the students’ writing activity and the teacher use various
media in writing activity. As the result, students should be trained to practice
writing as much as possible. In addition, through writing the writer can
express his or her own feelings, ideas, opinions, emotions and thought so that
the reader can comprehend his or her work easily. Moreover, writing is also a
communication tool to express the writer himself or herself.
Based on the preliminary study that had been conducted at State Junior
High School 23 Padang, there were many facts founded. First, teachers have
been teaching English for four hours in a week enrolled in two meetings.
Second, they have evaluated the students’ English skills. However, they just
evaluated them generally without English based components. The following
table is the students’ scores in English midterm test.
Table. 1.1 Students’ English Score State Junior High School 23 Padang
NO
CLASS
TOTAL STUDENTS
MID TERM TEST
1
VIII 1
30
69,88
2
VIII 3
30
63,71
3
VIII 7
34
61,31
KKM
78
Source: English Teacher Bookmark at State Junior High School 23 Padang
academic year 2016/2017
3
Based on the data above, the students, English skills were low. Third,
English teacher didn’t do assessment on writing skill. Since that teacher
didn’t evaluate students’ skill in writing, the researcher and English teacher at
that school assessed the students.
The researcher gave the test to the students by asking them to choose
one of the best topics they like to write. Simple random sampling was use to
choose the respondents. It was found that they were many students could not
finish their composition on time. There were some students who just wrote
four lines until six lines and there were some students whose paper was still
blank. Generally, students’ knowledge about components of writing (content,
organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanic) was still low. It can be
seen on the following table.
Table 1.2 Students English Writing Score
Class
VIII
Number
25
Component Of Writing
Total
C
O
V
L
M
(13-30)
(7-20)
(7-20)
(5-25)
(2-5)
22.92
13.84
15.08
14.64
3
69.48
Source: English Teacher at State Junior High School 23 Padang
Based on the table above, it can be seen the score of writing is low.
The result of interview with students and teachers proved that most students
difficult to start to write in English written form. They had lack of vocabulary
and they were difficult to organize information or idea. They just tried to
4
combine some information without good attention to make text coherent and
text generic structure. So the result was created not systematically. It can be
seen in the figure below.
Figure 1.1. Some Student’s Writing on Recount Text at Class VIII at
State Junior High School 23 Padang.
5
From the figure above, it can be seen that the students had problems
in writing because they could not produce a recount text well. There are five
components of writing that should be mastered by each student, such as
content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanic.
Generally, the students produced written work related to the topic
given. The topic was his last holiday. It means the students’ content of
writing should talk about his holiday. It can be seen from his writing, there
were talking about My Holiday, such as my holiday I go to the zoo. But the
content is not sufficient to evaluate. Organization related to the generic
structure of the text. In writing, the students still had weaknesses in arrange
their ideas into written work. Researcher also found that many students had
limited vocabulary.
Based on the fact above, the researcher is interested to conduct the
research in order to solve the students’ problem in writing skill. One of the
teaching strategies that researcher want to help the students will be able to
write is Hamburger Strategy. This strategy can be applied by the teacher to
solve the students’ problem in English writing. According to Morin (2013)
Hamburger Strategy is a strategy in which to teach students’ about basic
components of paragraph or essay by comparing element essay with elements
owned fast food like hamburger. There are three part of Hamburger, those are
top bun as opening, the patty as supporting arguments and the last bottom
bun as closing sentence.
6
Topic sentence, detail sentences, and a closing sentence are the main
elements of a good paragraph, and each one form a different "piece" of the
hamburger. Hamburger strategy is a successful strategy for teaching writing
paragraphs. It can be said that, Hamburger strategy introduce the part of an
essay through the pieces of hamburger. There are three important parts of an
essay; introduction paragraph, body paragraph, and conclusion. Hamburger
there is a top bun. For the body of paragraph will be seen in condiments and
meats of the hamburger. The last, conclusion paragraph will be seen as
bottom bun of hamburger.
The previous researches had proved that Hamburger Strategy could
solve the students’ problem in writing. There are Fajri Maulina (2013), Lisa
Afridona (2013), Dede Suhendra (2014), Rina Febridayani (2015) and Anggi
Febriyati Lova (2016).
Based on the explanation above, the researcher is interested in doing
the research about: “The Effect of Hamburger Strategy towards Students’
Writing Skill in Recount Text at Class VIII of State Junior HighSchool
23 Padang”.
B. Identification of the Study
Based on the background of the study above, there are some facts can
be identified. First, teachers have been teaching English for four hours in a
week enrolled in two meetings. Second, they have evaluated the students’
English skills. However, they just evaluated them generally without English
7
based components. Most of the students were difficult to start to write in
English written form. They had lack of vocabulary and they were difficult to
organize information or idea. They just tried to combine some information
without good attention to make text coherent and text generic structure. So
the result was created not systematically. English teachers at that school had
not implemented Hamburger Strategy to teach writing.
By using Hamburger Strategy, the students will be able to develop
their writing aspects such as content, organization, vocabularies, language
use, and mechanics. Hamburger strategy also gives contributions in
produce written work clearly guided by teacher by using Hamburger
Graphic Organizer.
C. Limitation of the Study
Based on the identification above, this research is focused on using
Hamburger Strategy to teach writing skill at State Junior High School 23
Padang.
D. Formulation of the Problem
Based on limitation of the problem above, the researcher formulates the
problem of this research as follows:
1. Does the Hamburger Strategy give significant effect towards students’
writing skill at class VIII State Junior High School 23 Padang?
2. What components of writing skill can be affected by using Hamburger
Strategy at class VIII State Junior High School 23 Padang?
8
E. Purpose of the Study
In general, the purpose of this study are:
1. To find out whether Hamburger Strategy gives significant effect toward
students’ writing skill at State Junior High School 23 Padang.
2. To find out which compenent of writing skill can be affected by using
Hamburger Strategy at class VIII State Junior High School 23 Padang.
F. Significance of the Study
On completing this study, the researcher expects that this research
signifies to be one of the alternatives for any teacher teaching writing with an
interesting technique favorable to the students.
The English teacher, the
researcher hopes that this will provide information which of value for
teaching and learning purposes. Finally, this research hopefully may serve as
one of the resources for further studies of the same field.
Meanwhile, for the researcher herself, this study is hoped to be a
valuable experience that teaches her to be a better teacher in teaching English,
a better writer in research, or in short, this research is a certain to provide her
valuable lessons for implementing any knowledge she has learnt during her
study in UIN Imam Bonjol.
9
G. Definition of the Key Terms
Writing
: Writing is the way to express thought, ideas, and
information into written text.
Hamburger
Strategy
: A successful strategy for teaching third graders about
writing paragraphs. It can be said that, hamburger
strategy introduce the part of an essay through the
pieces of hamburger. There are three important parts of
an essay; introduction paragraph, body paragraph, and
conclusion. Hamburger there is a top bun. For the body
of paragraph will be seen in condiments and meats of
the hamburger. The last, conclusion paragraph will be
seen as bottom bun of hamburger.
Recount text
: Recount text is one of the texts that recalls and
reconstructs events, experiences and achievements
from the past in a logical sequence. Means text tells us
about events that happened in the past.
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Writing is one of the four skills in teaching English that is the process
of transferring ideas, feeling, and though from the writer to the reader. As one
of the four basic skills, writing is an essential aspect that should be mastered
by the students. Through writing, the students can express their ideas, convey
feeling or a piece of information using language in written form to their
reader fluently and accurately. By writing, the students also acquire their
imaginative and critical thinking ability.
In addition, writing is the expression of idea, the conveying of a
message to the reader, so the ideas themselves should arguably be seen as the
most important aspect of the writing (Ur, 1991; 163). It means that writing is
a way to express/share thought and idea from the writer to the reader by a
text. The writer also pays attention for the using of grammar, punctuation,
and vocabulary when writing.
Related to the concept above, there are some purposes that the students
gain in writing. First, teaching writing reinforces the student’s ability in
grammatical structures, idioms, and vocabularies that the teacher has taught.
Second, when the students write, they actually take an adventure with
language to the beyond of they have just learned to say. Third, when the
students write, they are necessarily to involve in learning new language which
1
2
means that writing is the effort to express ideas and the constant use of eye,
hand, and brain. In fact, this a unique way of learning.
To gain that purpose, the teacher should encourage or facilitate the
students’ to control the students’ writing activity and the teacher use various
media in writing activity. As the result, students should be trained to practice
writing as much as possible. In addition, through writing the writer can
express his or her own feelings, ideas, opinions, emotions and thought so that
the reader can comprehend his or her work easily. Moreover, writing is also a
communication tool to express the writer himself or herself.
Based on the preliminary study that had been conducted at State Junior
High School 23 Padang, there were many facts founded. First, teachers have
been teaching English for four hours in a week enrolled in two meetings.
Second, they have evaluated the students’ English skills. However, they just
evaluated them generally without English based components. The following
table is the students’ scores in English midterm test.
Table. 1.1 Students’ English Score State Junior High School 23 Padang
NO
CLASS
TOTAL STUDENTS
MID TERM TEST
1
VIII 1
30
69,88
2
VIII 3
30
63,71
3
VIII 7
34
61,31
KKM
78
Source: English Teacher Bookmark at State Junior High School 23 Padang
academic year 2016/2017
3
Based on the data above, the students, English skills were low. Third,
English teacher didn’t do assessment on writing skill. Since that teacher
didn’t evaluate students’ skill in writing, the researcher and English teacher at
that school assessed the students.
The researcher gave the test to the students by asking them to choose
one of the best topics they like to write. Simple random sampling was use to
choose the respondents. It was found that they were many students could not
finish their composition on time. There were some students who just wrote
four lines until six lines and there were some students whose paper was still
blank. Generally, students’ knowledge about components of writing (content,
organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanic) was still low. It can be
seen on the following table.
Table 1.2 Students English Writing Score
Class
VIII
Number
25
Component Of Writing
Total
C
O
V
L
M
(13-30)
(7-20)
(7-20)
(5-25)
(2-5)
22.92
13.84
15.08
14.64
3
69.48
Source: English Teacher at State Junior High School 23 Padang
Based on the table above, it can be seen the score of writing is low.
The result of interview with students and teachers proved that most students
difficult to start to write in English written form. They had lack of vocabulary
and they were difficult to organize information or idea. They just tried to
4
combine some information without good attention to make text coherent and
text generic structure. So the result was created not systematically. It can be
seen in the figure below.
Figure 1.1. Some Student’s Writing on Recount Text at Class VIII at
State Junior High School 23 Padang.
5
From the figure above, it can be seen that the students had problems
in writing because they could not produce a recount text well. There are five
components of writing that should be mastered by each student, such as
content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanic.
Generally, the students produced written work related to the topic
given. The topic was his last holiday. It means the students’ content of
writing should talk about his holiday. It can be seen from his writing, there
were talking about My Holiday, such as my holiday I go to the zoo. But the
content is not sufficient to evaluate. Organization related to the generic
structure of the text. In writing, the students still had weaknesses in arrange
their ideas into written work. Researcher also found that many students had
limited vocabulary.
Based on the fact above, the researcher is interested to conduct the
research in order to solve the students’ problem in writing skill. One of the
teaching strategies that researcher want to help the students will be able to
write is Hamburger Strategy. This strategy can be applied by the teacher to
solve the students’ problem in English writing. According to Morin (2013)
Hamburger Strategy is a strategy in which to teach students’ about basic
components of paragraph or essay by comparing element essay with elements
owned fast food like hamburger. There are three part of Hamburger, those are
top bun as opening, the patty as supporting arguments and the last bottom
bun as closing sentence.
6
Topic sentence, detail sentences, and a closing sentence are the main
elements of a good paragraph, and each one form a different "piece" of the
hamburger. Hamburger strategy is a successful strategy for teaching writing
paragraphs. It can be said that, Hamburger strategy introduce the part of an
essay through the pieces of hamburger. There are three important parts of an
essay; introduction paragraph, body paragraph, and conclusion. Hamburger
there is a top bun. For the body of paragraph will be seen in condiments and
meats of the hamburger. The last, conclusion paragraph will be seen as
bottom bun of hamburger.
The previous researches had proved that Hamburger Strategy could
solve the students’ problem in writing. There are Fajri Maulina (2013), Lisa
Afridona (2013), Dede Suhendra (2014), Rina Febridayani (2015) and Anggi
Febriyati Lova (2016).
Based on the explanation above, the researcher is interested in doing
the research about: “The Effect of Hamburger Strategy towards Students’
Writing Skill in Recount Text at Class VIII of State Junior HighSchool
23 Padang”.
B. Identification of the Study
Based on the background of the study above, there are some facts can
be identified. First, teachers have been teaching English for four hours in a
week enrolled in two meetings. Second, they have evaluated the students’
English skills. However, they just evaluated them generally without English
7
based components. Most of the students were difficult to start to write in
English written form. They had lack of vocabulary and they were difficult to
organize information or idea. They just tried to combine some information
without good attention to make text coherent and text generic structure. So
the result was created not systematically. English teachers at that school had
not implemented Hamburger Strategy to teach writing.
By using Hamburger Strategy, the students will be able to develop
their writing aspects such as content, organization, vocabularies, language
use, and mechanics. Hamburger strategy also gives contributions in
produce written work clearly guided by teacher by using Hamburger
Graphic Organizer.
C. Limitation of the Study
Based on the identification above, this research is focused on using
Hamburger Strategy to teach writing skill at State Junior High School 23
Padang.
D. Formulation of the Problem
Based on limitation of the problem above, the researcher formulates the
problem of this research as follows:
1. Does the Hamburger Strategy give significant effect towards students’
writing skill at class VIII State Junior High School 23 Padang?
2. What components of writing skill can be affected by using Hamburger
Strategy at class VIII State Junior High School 23 Padang?
8
E. Purpose of the Study
In general, the purpose of this study are:
1. To find out whether Hamburger Strategy gives significant effect toward
students’ writing skill at State Junior High School 23 Padang.
2. To find out which compenent of writing skill can be affected by using
Hamburger Strategy at class VIII State Junior High School 23 Padang.
F. Significance of the Study
On completing this study, the researcher expects that this research
signifies to be one of the alternatives for any teacher teaching writing with an
interesting technique favorable to the students.
The English teacher, the
researcher hopes that this will provide information which of value for
teaching and learning purposes. Finally, this research hopefully may serve as
one of the resources for further studies of the same field.
Meanwhile, for the researcher herself, this study is hoped to be a
valuable experience that teaches her to be a better teacher in teaching English,
a better writer in research, or in short, this research is a certain to provide her
valuable lessons for implementing any knowledge she has learnt during her
study in UIN Imam Bonjol.
9
G. Definition of the Key Terms
Writing
: Writing is the way to express thought, ideas, and
information into written text.
Hamburger
Strategy
: A successful strategy for teaching third graders about
writing paragraphs. It can be said that, hamburger
strategy introduce the part of an essay through the
pieces of hamburger. There are three important parts of
an essay; introduction paragraph, body paragraph, and
conclusion. Hamburger there is a top bun. For the body
of paragraph will be seen in condiments and meats of
the hamburger. The last, conclusion paragraph will be
seen as bottom bun of hamburger.
Recount text
: Recount text is one of the texts that recalls and
reconstructs events, experiences and achievements
from the past in a logical sequence. Means text tells us
about events that happened in the past.