Manajemen Perguruan Tinggi Moderen Studi
Materi Seminar
Manajemen Perguruan Tinggi Moderen
Studi Komparasi Universitas Terkemuka Dunia
Richardus Eko Indrajit
indrajit@post.harvard.edu
Secara praktek bisnis dan manajemen, pada dasarnya TRI DHARMA
Perguruan Tinggi merupakan tiga sumber utama pendapatan institusi.
Terkait dengan
melahirkan IC dalam bentuk
sumber daya manusia
melahirkan IC dalam bentuk
inovasi produk dan konsep
melahirkan IC dalam
bentuk solusi pragmatis
MISI Institusi
Proses Utama
CORE PROCESS
Dimensi
CUSTOMERS
Teaching
Research
Services
Dimensi
PRODUCTS/ SERVICES
Administrasi Akademik dan Organisasi
Pengadaan dan Logistik
Aktivitas Penunjang
Akuntansi dan Keuangan
SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES
Dimensi
RESOURCES
Teknologi dan Infrastruktur
Hukum dan Relasi Publik
Sumber Daya Manusia
1
Teaching atau “pembelajaran”
” merupakan proses klasik yang terjadi pada
institusi pendidikan tinggi, namun berperan sebagai tulang punggung.
Instruction
1. Teaching regular course offerings
2. Developing course materials
Teaching
Merupakan kegiatan
interaktif antara
pendidik dan peserta didik
dalam hal pengembangan,
penyampaian dan
penguasaan pengetahuan.
Advising
3. Developing replicable systems of instruction
4. Developing new course/labs
5. Coordinating clinical teaching/independent study/tutorials
1. Advising students on programs of study
2. Sponsoring of advising student groups
Merupakan kegiatan
pemberian jasa konsultasi
dan peneguhan kepantasan
terhadap penguasaan
Pengetahuan.
3. Serving on master’s or doctoral supervisory committees
4. Chairing master’s or doctoral supervisory committees
2
Research atau “penelitian”
” merupakan kegiatan para dosen dan peneliti untuk
menciptakan beragam inovasi dan teori baru di berbagai bidang ilmu.
Ongoing Research
1.Basic scientific investigation, both theoretical and applied
2. Investigation of educationally relevant problems
Melakukan dan menekuni
penelitian yang sedang
berjalan.
Research
Professional Recognition
1. Awards, honors, or invited presentations
2. Achieving advanced degrees, certification, etc.
Mendayagunakan dan
memanfaatkan IC
yang dimiliki.
Publications
Mengkomersialisasikan
IC kolektif institusi.
7. Developing software /
media
1. Book
2. Journal and magazine article
3. Monograph, etc
4. Presenting recitals and
exhibitions
5. Staging, directing, or acting in
musical, theatrical, and dance
productions
6. Exhibiting paintings, sculptures,
and other creative arts
3
8. Reviews
9. Non-refereed material
10. Citation counts
11. Invited/ contributed
presentation
12. Invited/ contributed
papers
13. Poster session
Service atau “pelayanan”
” - yang sering diistilahkan sebagai “pengabdian
masyarakat”” merupakan kelompok yang paling banyak ragam variasinya.
Faculty Service
Melakukan kegiatan
pemberian jasa
dalam wilayah internal
institusi
1. Serving on departmental, college, or university committees
2. Serving on the faculty senate
3. Chairing any committee (student, faculty, etc.)
4. Serving as a sponsor for student activities/groups
Service
Professional Service
Menawarkan jasa
profesional dan komersial
ke industri atau pihak
eksternal lainnya.
Public/Community
Service
Menjalankan kegiatan
sosial bagi masyarakat
sekitar dalam berbagai
bentuk program.
1. Activity in professional organizations (holding office, serving on
committees or boards )
2. Consulting to organization or corporations
3. Consulting to university/ colleges, etc.
1. Participating in local, state, or national civic activities and
organizations
2. Applying academic expertise in the local, state, or national
community without pay or profit
4
Dengan melakukan portofolio kegiatan tersebut, maka proporsi sumber
pendapatan institusi perguruan tinggi akan sangat bervariasi.
Teaching
Research
Services
Other Big
UCLA
9%
40%
42%
-
University of
Arizona
25%
39%
9%
-
London SOB
4%
14%
61%
-
Oklahoma State
University
22%
34%
36%
-
Harvard
23%
16%
7%
28%
Yale
15%
28%
19%
25%
endowment fund
5
potensi
menuju
“research
university”
dekat
dengan
industri
Dengan memetakan berbagai unit terhadap aktivitas yang dilakukan, maka
dapat diidentifikasikan sejumlah blok yang dapat dikelola secara mandiri.
Teaching
Type 1
Unit #1
Type 2
Research
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
x
Unit #2
x
x
x
Unit #3
Unit #N
Services
x
x
x
x
Karakteristik dan struktur governance
Model bisnis dan keuangan
Spektrum produk dan jasa
Status badan hukum dan SDM
Strategi sumber daya dan operasional
ragam aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh Unit #N
6
Kerangka aplikasi manajemen institusi perguruan tinggi terpadu yang
dikembangkan SAP memperlihatkan implementasi pendekatan multi blok.
Unit #3 yang
menjalankan
fungsi
pelayanan tipe 1
dan tipe 2
Blok X
7
Akan terdapat sejumlah blok-blok dalam naungan manajemen institusi yang
dapat dengan mudah dikelola secara portofolio oleh “ holding institution”
” .
Perseroan Terbatas
BHP
BHP
HOLDING
INSTITUTION
BLOK A
Yayasan
BLOK C
Persekutuan Perdata
BLOK G
Yayasan
BLOK F
BLOK E
BLOK D
BLOK B
Perseroan Terbatas
Persekutuan Perdata
8
Dengan kata lain, model tata pamong atau “ governance
” single block harus
diubah menggunakan pendekatan multi block.
“Pemilik”
Kepemilikan
Kepemilikan/Sewa
Guna
PemilikAktiva
Aktiva
Pemilik
Pemilik
Aktiva Tetap
Tetap
Tetap
Pemilik Intellectual
Capital
Kontrak
Pengelola
Pengelola
Pengelola
9
Terhadap masing-masing blok unit, diidentifikasikan dan diklarifikasikan
kembali karakteristiknya untuk mendapatkan model yang tepat dan sesuai.
PROFIL INSTITUSI
1. Latar Belakang Pendirian
2. Visi, Misi dan Obyektif
3. Kunci Indikator Kinerja
4. Roadmap dan Pertumbuhan
5. Cetak Biru Organisasi
MEKANISME INTERNAL
1. Kebijakan Organisasi
2.
3.
4.
5.
Blok Unit
PEMANGKU KEPENTINGAN
1. Struktur Stakeholder
2.
3.
4.
5.
Proses dan Prosedur
Sasaran Mutu
Alokasi Sumber Daya
Instruksi Kerja
STATUS KEUANGAN
1. Model Anggaran dan Alokasi
2. Neraca Aset
3. Alur Kasi
4. P&L
5. Rasio Utama dan Pendukung
10
Ragam Produk dan Jasa
Target Kuantitas dan Kualitas
Harapan dan Ekspektasi
Faktor Nilai Tambah
Jenis badan hukum
atau organisasi dan
Model Governance
yang sesuai dengan
karakteristik Blok
Unit yang bersangkutan.
Melalui identifikasi karakteristik blok unik, dapat dipilih badan hukum atau tipe
organisasi yang paling tepat untuk diimplementasikan.
Aspek
Visi dan Misi
Pilihan
Badan Hukum
Pendidikan
Pencapaian keuntungan
ekonomis maksimal
Pencapaian misi
pendidikan (langsung)
Perseroan
Terbatas
Persekutuan
Perdata
X
X
Contoh
Aspek
Tunggal atau terbatas
X
X
Kolektif
X
X
X
X
Publik
Status
Karyawan
Bentuk Lainnya
X
Pencapaian misi lain
sebagai pendukung
pendidikan
Struktur
Kepemilikan
Yayasan
X
Pegawai Negeri
Pegawai Swasta
Pegawai Honorer
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
11
Setelah semua blok unit berhasil dipetakan, barulah ditentukan hubungan atau
relasi keterkaitan di antaranya dalam tatanan tata pamong yang efektif.
UU dan PP
BLOK UNIT
BLOK UNIT
BLOK UNIT
BLOK UNIT
A
B
C
D
Model Governance
BLOK UNIT
A
BLOK UNIT
B
BLOK UNIT
C
Struktur Organisasi
Transparency
Accountability
Responsibility
Independency
Fairness
Kebijakan Institusi
Peraturan Organisasi
Business Process
BLOK UNIT
D
Prosedur dan Instruksi
12
1
2
Knowledge
Source and
Repositories
3
Delivery
Support
Devices
4
Transformative
Enablers
Agents
Capabilities
5
Learning Performance Analysis Tool
6
Integrated Learning Administration and Resource Management System
7
Learning Infrastructure and Superstructure
13
Institution
Center of Excellence
Fungsi TIK sebagai
pengembang jejaring
Institusi pendidikan
Applications
8
Aplikasi TIK sebagai
teknologi pendidikan
dan pembelajaran
moderen
Facilities
Peranan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi sangatlah krusial bagi
manajemen perguruan tinggi dalam mengelola sistem multi blok.
Peranan TIK sebagai
alat bantu dan
infrastruktur tata
kelola lembaga
pendidikan
ICT Role #1: Knowledge Source - dibangun berdasarkan prinsip bahwa bahan
ajar berasal dari berbagai sumber yang dapat ditemukan.
Driving Principles
ICT Values
Knowledge is dynamically
growing so fast.
Update the scholars with
state-of-the-art knowledge.
Great teachers are everywhere
around the world.
Learn from the masters through
modern communication models.
Books and references are
continually updated.
Download the sources periodically
at the most affordable way.
Innovations require
group-base thinking.
Connect with the community
of interests.
Learning consumes too much time
to acquire knowledge.
Undergo LOD (Learning-On-Demand)
mode in a very fast and
entertaining way.
14
ICT Role #1: Knowledge Source (continue)
Cyber Net Exploration – how knowledge can be found, accessed, organized,
disseminated, and distributed through the internet;
Knowledge Management – how knowledge in many forms (e.g. tacit and explicit)
can be shared through various approaches;
Community of Interests Groupware – how community of lecturers, professors,
students, researchers, management, and practitioners can do collaboration,
cooperation, and communication through meeting in cyber world;
Institution Network – how school can be a part of and access a network where
its members are education institutions for various learning-based activities;
Dynamic Content Management – how data or content are dynamically managed,
maintained, and preserved;
Standard Benchmarking and Best Practices – how school can analyze themselves
by comparing their knowledge-based acquisition with other education institutions
worldwide and learning from their success; and
Intelligence System – how various scholars can have the information regarding
the latest knowledge they need without having to search it in advance.
15
ICT Role #2: Delivery Support - lahir dari kemampuan TIK menjadi media bantu
dalam penyelenggaraan proses belajar mengajar di kelas.
Driving Principles
ICT Values
Knowledge delivery should consider
the use of real world context.
Simulate the real world situation
and bring it into the class.
The more the illustrations are being given,
the faster the process of knowledge acquisition.
Develop multimedia presentations
to create astounding animations.
The students are expected to explore more of
what they already know independently.
Offer various CBT software for
” scenarios.
conducting “what-if”
The acquisition of knowledge are coming from
the interaction among students and teachers.
Use digital-based communication
commonly known by many people.
Ratio between the number of teachers and
students really makes difference
on facilitation process.
Leverage the technology applications
to mimic one-to-one relationship.
16
ICT Role #2: Delivery Support (continue)
Event Imitation – using technology to create animation of events or other learning
subjects representing real life situation;
Case Simulation - enabling teachers and students to study and to perform “what if”
”
condition in many cases simulation;
Multimedia Presentation – mixing various format of texts, graphics, audio, and video
to represent many learning objects;
Computer-Based Training (CBT) – technology module that can help students
to conduct independent study;
Student Learning Tools – a set of programs to help students preparing and storing
their notes, presentation, research works, and other learning related stuffs;
Course Management – an application that integrates all course related activities
such as attendees management, materials deliverable, discussion forum,
mailing list, assignments, etc.
Workgroup Learning System – a program that can facilitate teachers and students
group-based collaboration, communication, and cooperation;
17
ICT Role #2: Delivery Support (continue)
Three-Party Intranet – a network that links teachers, students, and parents as
main stakeholders of education;
Examination Module – a special unit that can be used to form various type of test
models for learning evaluation purposes;
Performance Management System – software that can help teacher in managing
student individual learning records and tracks for analyzing his/her specific
study performance;
Interactive Smart Book – tablet PC or PDA-based device that is used as
intelligent book;
Electronic Board – a state-of-the-art board that acts as user interface to exchange
the traditional blackboard and whiteboard; and
Blogger – a software module that can help the teacher keep track of student
progress through their daily experience and notes written in the digital format.
18
ICT Role #3: Transformative Enabler - merupakan peluang yang ditawarkan
TIK untuk beralih dari aset fisik menjadi aset maya (baca: virtual).
Driving Principles
ICT Values
In learning, “the sky is the limit””
philosophy should be emphasised.
Allow a 24/7 learning activities in an
anywhere, anytime, and anyhow mode.
The number and quality of library and
laboratory have positive and significant
impact on education.
Access a great number of e-library and
e-laboratory provided within the internet.
Limited physical resources shall not become
the burden of delivering good education.
Implement virtual class and e-learning
system through distance educational
learning mode.
Strategic resources and product(s)/
service(s) should be improved
in number and quality.
Join an inter-educational
institution network.
Managing IPRs are considered
as a very expensive effort.
Share and collaborate with the IPR
owners in various arrangements.
19
ICT Role #3: Transformative Enabler (continue)
Virtual Library - A library which has no physical existence, being constructed
solely in electronic form or on paper;
E-learning Class - any learning that utilizes a network (LAN, WAN or Internet)
for delivery, interaction, or facilitation without the existence of physical class;
Expert System - computer with 'built-in' expertise, which, used by a non-expert
in an education area as an exchange of a teacher or other professional in particular
field (expert);
Mobile School – a device that can be used to process all transactions or activities
related to student-school relationships (e.g. course schedule, assignment submission,
grade announcement, etc.);
Digital-Based Laboratory – a laboratory consists of computers and other digital
devices directly linked to many network (e.g. intranet, internet, and extranet) that
can be freely used by teachers or students for their various important activities; and
War Room Lab - a room or building that occupied by a good number of computers
to be used for scientific testing, experiments or research through diverse digital
simulation system.
20
ICT Role #4: Agent Capabilities - suatu keharusan bagi setiap pemangku
kepentingan untuk dapat menguasai TIK (baca: e-literacy).
Driving Principles
ICT Values
Every stakeholder should have competencies,
skills, and passion in using
technology for education.
Increase the e-literacy level of stakeholder
in a gradual-based mode.
“Information is the raw materials
of knowledge paradigm”
” should be
well understood by teachers.
Help the teachers to exchange information
among scholars all over the world.
Share of knowledge within the archipelago
continent of Indonesia is a must-to-do activity.
Offer high speed yet affordable
communication lines.
“Learning how to learn”
” is for the students,
teachers, and other stakeholders.
Provide with easy to use devices that make
learning process entertaining and enjoyable.
Learning is a process of a lifetime
and belongs to everybody.
Enable the activities required
by people who are willing to learn.
21
ICT Role #4: Agent Capabilities (continue)
Word Processing - witting software that allows the computer to resemble
a typewriter for the purpose of creating reports, making assignments, etc.;
Spreadsheet - type of program used to perform various calculations, especially popular
for mathematic, physics, statistics, and other related fields;
Presentation Tool – a software to be used for creating graphical and multimedia
based illustration for presenting knowledge to the audience;
Database - a collection of information that has been systematically organized for
easy access and analysis in digital format;
Electronic Mail - text messages sent through a computer network to a specified
individual or group that can also carry attached files;
Mailing List - a group of e-mail addresses that are used for easy and fast distribution
of information to multiple e-mail addresses simultaneously;
Browser - software used to view and interact with resources available on the internet;
Publisher – an application to help people in creating brochures, banners, invitation
cards, etc.;
22
ICT Role #4: Agent Capabilities (continue)
Private Organiser - a software module that can serve as a diary or a personal
Database or a telephone or an alarm clock etc.;
Navigation System – an interface that acts as basic operation system that is used
to control all computer files and resources;
Multimedia Animation Software - system that supports the interactive use of text,
audio, still images, video, and graphics;
Website Development– a tool that can be used to develop content easily;
Programming Language – a simple yet effective programming language to help
people in developing small application module;
Document Management – a software that can be used in creating, categorizing,
managing, and storing electronic documents;
Chatting Tool – an application that can be utilized by two or more individuals
connected to Internet in having real-time text-based conversations by typing
messages into their computer; and
Project Management - an application software to help people in planning,
executing, and controlling event based activities.
23
ICT Role #5: Performance Tool - adalah pemanfaatan aplikasi TIK bagi
pimpinan perguruan tinggi dalam mengelola institusi terkait.
Driving Principles
ICT Values
Every individual has its own talents
and characteristics in learning.
Allow teachers and parents (sponsors)
to keep track on individual learning
development in a very effective way.
Teachers should improve their competencies
and skills in various field of study.
Help the management to monitor
teachers performance in a timely basis.
Resources are limited, the effective
management of such assets should be in place.
Support the executives and managers
with tools to govern institution assets
and resources.
Institution should grow from time to time
in terms of its scope and quality.
Provide management with institution
performance dashboards system.
Government should have the knowledge
about education institution profiles.
Ease the government in monitoring
and supporting all education institutions.
24
ICT Role #5: Performance Tool (continue)
Executive Information System - a computer-based system intended to facilitate and
support the information and decision making needs of senior executives by providing
easy access to both internal and external information relevant to meeting the strategic
goals of the school;
Decision Support System - an application primarily used to consolidate, summarize,
or transform transaction data to support analytical reporting and trend analysis;
Management Information System - an information collection and analysis system,
usually computerized, that facilitates access to program and participant information
to answer daily needs of management, teachers, lecturers, or even parents; and
Transactional Information System – a reporting and querying system to support
managers and supervisors in providing valuable information regarding daily
operational activities such as office needs inventory, student attendance,
payment received, etc.
25
ICT Role #6: Resource Management System - adalah implementasi ragam
aplikasi TIK untuk mengelola sistem administrasi akademik dan non-akademik.
Driving Principles
ICT Values
Each individual needs unstoppable
learning support everyday.
Manage all individual needs through
cyberspace in a 24/7 mode.
Interactive interaction and transaction among
all education stakeholders require strong
back office management.
Perform asynchronous processes and
activities to serve all education stakeholders.
Quality of services in managing education
administration should be improved gradually.
Leverage assets and resources for
increasing institution efficiency.
People are the most valuable yet
limited resources in the institution.
Assign the human resources in
the best optimum possibility.
Inter-organisational educational
system emerges to exist.
Enable cross administration system
among different institutions.
26
ICT Role #6: Resource Mngt. System (continue)
Student Management System – a program that records and integrates all student
learning activities ranging from their detail grades to the specific daily progresses;
Lecturer Management System – a module that helps the school in managing all
lecturer records and affairs;
Facilities Management System – a unit that manages various facilities and physical
assets used for education purposes (e.g. classes, laboratories, libraries, and rooms),
such as their schedules, allocations, status, etc.);
Courses Management System – a system that handles curriculum management
and courses portfolio where all of the teachers, students, and facilities interact;
Back-Office System – a system that takes care all of documents and procedures
’s records;
related to school’
Human Resource System – a system that deals with individual-related functions
and processes;
Finance and Accounting System – a system that takes charge of financial
management records; and
Procurement System – a system that tackles the daily purchasing processes.
27
ICT Role #7: Infrastructure - pada dasarnya merupakan posisi TIK sebagai
sebuah infrastruktur perguruan tinggi masa kini.
Driving Principles
ICT Values
Today’
’s books are stored in the digital format.
Enable keeping the knowledge resources
in multi-storing devices.
Students and lecturers are more
active and very mobile.
Use range of digital products as
learning devices.
Learning should be done from any place
at anytime with anyhow mechanism.
Provide broadband infrastructure to enable
multimedia presentation of communication.
Physical geographical differences
should not be the constraints of learning.
Install affordable network for
better richness and reachness.
“The network is the school”
” paradigm
should be well introduced as new concept.
Gain competitive advantage for
the new learners over the others.
28
ICT Role #7: Infrastructure (continue)
Transmission Media – the physical infrastructure that enables digital data to be
transferred from one place to another;
Network and Data Communication – the collection of devices that manage data
traffic in one or more network topology system(s);
Operating System – the core software to run computers (digital devices);
Computers – the digital-based processing devices that can execute many tasks
as programmed;
Digital Devices – computer-like gadgets that can have a portion of capability
as computers;
Programming Language – a type of instructions set that can be structured to perform
special task run by computers;
Database Management – a collection of digital files storing various data/information;
Applications Portfolio – a set of software that have various functions and roles; and
Distributed Access Channels – special devices that can be used by users to access
any of the eight components mentioned.
29
ICT Role #8: Center of Excellence - merupakan kemampuan TIK dalam
membentuk jejaring institusi pendidikan untuk berbagi jasa dan sumber daya.
Driving Principles
ICT Values
All people should have an access
to any educational institution node.
Enable every individual in the country
to attach and to access any
educational institution.
Education should be able to produce innovations
for the betterness of the society.
Support all inventor candidates with
resources they need regardless
their limitation.
“Long life learning”
” paradigm should
be implemented in the society.
Provide the society with 24/7
learning-enabled activities.
Knowledge-based society is the ultimate
targeted profile of the humanitarian.
Become the center of community
gathering to acquire knowledge.
Quality education should be provided
to all people regarding their economy status.
Ensure the benefits gained from
the economic of scale phenomena.
30
ICT Role #8: Center of Excellence (continue)
Internet Access – ability to connect the center of excellence to the cyberworld;
Applications Portfolio – spectrum of education-based software that can be
shared by the center’
’s partners;
Database Jukebox – collection of knowledge content that can be accessed
by related parties;
Open Network – standard infrastructure that is easily be connected to other
individual, private, or public networks; and
IT Governance – structure of processes and their relationships to enable
the implementation of community-based sharable IT resources.
31
Dengan membangun koneksi TIK antar perguruan tinggi yang ada, maka akan
terciptalah suatu jejaring IC terbesar di nusantara.
32
Jejaring yang dimaksud hanya dapat tercipta secara “scalable”
” dan
“sustainable”
” jika terjalin kerjasama dalam kerangka Public Private Partnership.
Limited resources post crisis should be well allocated to cover nationwide needs.
Most of the problems lie upon building effective strategy to handle scalability and sustainability.
To achieve significant impacts, revolutionary yet fundamental approch should be taken.
Workable governance and business model should be established to satisfy multiple stakeholders.
PUBLIC
PRIVATE
PARTNERSHIP
33
Dengan menggunakan model utilitas yang berbasis pada paradigma “shared
services”
”, maka akan terciptalah jejaring PT nasional secara masif dan bermutu.
1
Provide complete range of learning tools, devices, features and capabilities;
2
Consist full array of learning contents and materials;
3
Invested by private sectors within the educational industry that meet certain standards;
4
Operating within a shared-services environment;
5
Consist of modular technology that can be easily tailored to the personal needs;
6
Adopt pay-per-use mechanism as main business model;
7
Governed by self-regulated agency accredited by national government; and
8
Offered widely to any individual or learning entities on demand mode.
34
Dengan demikian, maka flagship nasional di bidang pendidikan dapat tercapai
dalam tempo yang relatif singkat dan langsung berdaya guna.
d
c
a
built and
shared
Cluster
subsidise
TITAN for Education
Government
COE
f
pay per use
pay tax
COE
d
COE
COE
pay per use
COE
COE
Cluster
Private
Sectors
b
e
d
invest
pay per use
Cluster
return investment
35
Pada akhirnya, masing-masing COE akan menjadi suatu titik atau node tempat
IC dikelola melalui penerapan model Knowledge Management.
Environmental Influences
Political
Social
Governmental
Economic
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
The Architecture of Higher Education
Teaching and Education Deliverables – Research and Development – Public and Professional Services
People
LEADERSHIP
C Rector/Chairman
C Head of Academic
Department
C Head of Program
of Study
C Head of Divisions
C Chairman of the
Education
Foundation
C Advisory Boards
LEADERSHIP
Process
ORGANIZATION
Technology
Content
TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING
C Academic
Department
C Program of
Study
C Supporting
Functions
C R&D
C Processes
C Procedures
C TQM/BPR/ISO
ORGANIZATION
C Intranet
C Internet
C E-mail
C Data Warehousing
C Search Engines
C Decision Support
C Process Modeling
C Management Tools
C Communications
C Data/Content
C Intuition
C Innovation
C Learning
Community
C Virtual Teams
C Shared Results
C Exchange Forums
C Communications
C Culture
TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING
MULTIPLE DISCIPLINES
Higher Education Principles
Organization Development
36
Systems Management
Organization Behavior
Indonesia perlu bekerja keras untuk mengelola IC yang dimilikinya sehingga
dapat memberikan nilai tambah yang signifikan bagi pertumbuhan institusi.
37
Terima Kasih
Diskusi & Tanya-Jawab
Manajemen Perguruan Tinggi Moderen
Studi Komparasi Universitas Terkemuka Dunia
Richardus Eko Indrajit
indrajit@post.harvard.edu
Secara praktek bisnis dan manajemen, pada dasarnya TRI DHARMA
Perguruan Tinggi merupakan tiga sumber utama pendapatan institusi.
Terkait dengan
melahirkan IC dalam bentuk
sumber daya manusia
melahirkan IC dalam bentuk
inovasi produk dan konsep
melahirkan IC dalam
bentuk solusi pragmatis
MISI Institusi
Proses Utama
CORE PROCESS
Dimensi
CUSTOMERS
Teaching
Research
Services
Dimensi
PRODUCTS/ SERVICES
Administrasi Akademik dan Organisasi
Pengadaan dan Logistik
Aktivitas Penunjang
Akuntansi dan Keuangan
SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES
Dimensi
RESOURCES
Teknologi dan Infrastruktur
Hukum dan Relasi Publik
Sumber Daya Manusia
1
Teaching atau “pembelajaran”
” merupakan proses klasik yang terjadi pada
institusi pendidikan tinggi, namun berperan sebagai tulang punggung.
Instruction
1. Teaching regular course offerings
2. Developing course materials
Teaching
Merupakan kegiatan
interaktif antara
pendidik dan peserta didik
dalam hal pengembangan,
penyampaian dan
penguasaan pengetahuan.
Advising
3. Developing replicable systems of instruction
4. Developing new course/labs
5. Coordinating clinical teaching/independent study/tutorials
1. Advising students on programs of study
2. Sponsoring of advising student groups
Merupakan kegiatan
pemberian jasa konsultasi
dan peneguhan kepantasan
terhadap penguasaan
Pengetahuan.
3. Serving on master’s or doctoral supervisory committees
4. Chairing master’s or doctoral supervisory committees
2
Research atau “penelitian”
” merupakan kegiatan para dosen dan peneliti untuk
menciptakan beragam inovasi dan teori baru di berbagai bidang ilmu.
Ongoing Research
1.Basic scientific investigation, both theoretical and applied
2. Investigation of educationally relevant problems
Melakukan dan menekuni
penelitian yang sedang
berjalan.
Research
Professional Recognition
1. Awards, honors, or invited presentations
2. Achieving advanced degrees, certification, etc.
Mendayagunakan dan
memanfaatkan IC
yang dimiliki.
Publications
Mengkomersialisasikan
IC kolektif institusi.
7. Developing software /
media
1. Book
2. Journal and magazine article
3. Monograph, etc
4. Presenting recitals and
exhibitions
5. Staging, directing, or acting in
musical, theatrical, and dance
productions
6. Exhibiting paintings, sculptures,
and other creative arts
3
8. Reviews
9. Non-refereed material
10. Citation counts
11. Invited/ contributed
presentation
12. Invited/ contributed
papers
13. Poster session
Service atau “pelayanan”
” - yang sering diistilahkan sebagai “pengabdian
masyarakat”” merupakan kelompok yang paling banyak ragam variasinya.
Faculty Service
Melakukan kegiatan
pemberian jasa
dalam wilayah internal
institusi
1. Serving on departmental, college, or university committees
2. Serving on the faculty senate
3. Chairing any committee (student, faculty, etc.)
4. Serving as a sponsor for student activities/groups
Service
Professional Service
Menawarkan jasa
profesional dan komersial
ke industri atau pihak
eksternal lainnya.
Public/Community
Service
Menjalankan kegiatan
sosial bagi masyarakat
sekitar dalam berbagai
bentuk program.
1. Activity in professional organizations (holding office, serving on
committees or boards )
2. Consulting to organization or corporations
3. Consulting to university/ colleges, etc.
1. Participating in local, state, or national civic activities and
organizations
2. Applying academic expertise in the local, state, or national
community without pay or profit
4
Dengan melakukan portofolio kegiatan tersebut, maka proporsi sumber
pendapatan institusi perguruan tinggi akan sangat bervariasi.
Teaching
Research
Services
Other Big
UCLA
9%
40%
42%
-
University of
Arizona
25%
39%
9%
-
London SOB
4%
14%
61%
-
Oklahoma State
University
22%
34%
36%
-
Harvard
23%
16%
7%
28%
Yale
15%
28%
19%
25%
endowment fund
5
potensi
menuju
“research
university”
dekat
dengan
industri
Dengan memetakan berbagai unit terhadap aktivitas yang dilakukan, maka
dapat diidentifikasikan sejumlah blok yang dapat dikelola secara mandiri.
Teaching
Type 1
Unit #1
Type 2
Research
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
x
Unit #2
x
x
x
Unit #3
Unit #N
Services
x
x
x
x
Karakteristik dan struktur governance
Model bisnis dan keuangan
Spektrum produk dan jasa
Status badan hukum dan SDM
Strategi sumber daya dan operasional
ragam aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh Unit #N
6
Kerangka aplikasi manajemen institusi perguruan tinggi terpadu yang
dikembangkan SAP memperlihatkan implementasi pendekatan multi blok.
Unit #3 yang
menjalankan
fungsi
pelayanan tipe 1
dan tipe 2
Blok X
7
Akan terdapat sejumlah blok-blok dalam naungan manajemen institusi yang
dapat dengan mudah dikelola secara portofolio oleh “ holding institution”
” .
Perseroan Terbatas
BHP
BHP
HOLDING
INSTITUTION
BLOK A
Yayasan
BLOK C
Persekutuan Perdata
BLOK G
Yayasan
BLOK F
BLOK E
BLOK D
BLOK B
Perseroan Terbatas
Persekutuan Perdata
8
Dengan kata lain, model tata pamong atau “ governance
” single block harus
diubah menggunakan pendekatan multi block.
“Pemilik”
Kepemilikan
Kepemilikan/Sewa
Guna
PemilikAktiva
Aktiva
Pemilik
Pemilik
Aktiva Tetap
Tetap
Tetap
Pemilik Intellectual
Capital
Kontrak
Pengelola
Pengelola
Pengelola
9
Terhadap masing-masing blok unit, diidentifikasikan dan diklarifikasikan
kembali karakteristiknya untuk mendapatkan model yang tepat dan sesuai.
PROFIL INSTITUSI
1. Latar Belakang Pendirian
2. Visi, Misi dan Obyektif
3. Kunci Indikator Kinerja
4. Roadmap dan Pertumbuhan
5. Cetak Biru Organisasi
MEKANISME INTERNAL
1. Kebijakan Organisasi
2.
3.
4.
5.
Blok Unit
PEMANGKU KEPENTINGAN
1. Struktur Stakeholder
2.
3.
4.
5.
Proses dan Prosedur
Sasaran Mutu
Alokasi Sumber Daya
Instruksi Kerja
STATUS KEUANGAN
1. Model Anggaran dan Alokasi
2. Neraca Aset
3. Alur Kasi
4. P&L
5. Rasio Utama dan Pendukung
10
Ragam Produk dan Jasa
Target Kuantitas dan Kualitas
Harapan dan Ekspektasi
Faktor Nilai Tambah
Jenis badan hukum
atau organisasi dan
Model Governance
yang sesuai dengan
karakteristik Blok
Unit yang bersangkutan.
Melalui identifikasi karakteristik blok unik, dapat dipilih badan hukum atau tipe
organisasi yang paling tepat untuk diimplementasikan.
Aspek
Visi dan Misi
Pilihan
Badan Hukum
Pendidikan
Pencapaian keuntungan
ekonomis maksimal
Pencapaian misi
pendidikan (langsung)
Perseroan
Terbatas
Persekutuan
Perdata
X
X
Contoh
Aspek
Tunggal atau terbatas
X
X
Kolektif
X
X
X
X
Publik
Status
Karyawan
Bentuk Lainnya
X
Pencapaian misi lain
sebagai pendukung
pendidikan
Struktur
Kepemilikan
Yayasan
X
Pegawai Negeri
Pegawai Swasta
Pegawai Honorer
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
11
Setelah semua blok unit berhasil dipetakan, barulah ditentukan hubungan atau
relasi keterkaitan di antaranya dalam tatanan tata pamong yang efektif.
UU dan PP
BLOK UNIT
BLOK UNIT
BLOK UNIT
BLOK UNIT
A
B
C
D
Model Governance
BLOK UNIT
A
BLOK UNIT
B
BLOK UNIT
C
Struktur Organisasi
Transparency
Accountability
Responsibility
Independency
Fairness
Kebijakan Institusi
Peraturan Organisasi
Business Process
BLOK UNIT
D
Prosedur dan Instruksi
12
1
2
Knowledge
Source and
Repositories
3
Delivery
Support
Devices
4
Transformative
Enablers
Agents
Capabilities
5
Learning Performance Analysis Tool
6
Integrated Learning Administration and Resource Management System
7
Learning Infrastructure and Superstructure
13
Institution
Center of Excellence
Fungsi TIK sebagai
pengembang jejaring
Institusi pendidikan
Applications
8
Aplikasi TIK sebagai
teknologi pendidikan
dan pembelajaran
moderen
Facilities
Peranan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi sangatlah krusial bagi
manajemen perguruan tinggi dalam mengelola sistem multi blok.
Peranan TIK sebagai
alat bantu dan
infrastruktur tata
kelola lembaga
pendidikan
ICT Role #1: Knowledge Source - dibangun berdasarkan prinsip bahwa bahan
ajar berasal dari berbagai sumber yang dapat ditemukan.
Driving Principles
ICT Values
Knowledge is dynamically
growing so fast.
Update the scholars with
state-of-the-art knowledge.
Great teachers are everywhere
around the world.
Learn from the masters through
modern communication models.
Books and references are
continually updated.
Download the sources periodically
at the most affordable way.
Innovations require
group-base thinking.
Connect with the community
of interests.
Learning consumes too much time
to acquire knowledge.
Undergo LOD (Learning-On-Demand)
mode in a very fast and
entertaining way.
14
ICT Role #1: Knowledge Source (continue)
Cyber Net Exploration – how knowledge can be found, accessed, organized,
disseminated, and distributed through the internet;
Knowledge Management – how knowledge in many forms (e.g. tacit and explicit)
can be shared through various approaches;
Community of Interests Groupware – how community of lecturers, professors,
students, researchers, management, and practitioners can do collaboration,
cooperation, and communication through meeting in cyber world;
Institution Network – how school can be a part of and access a network where
its members are education institutions for various learning-based activities;
Dynamic Content Management – how data or content are dynamically managed,
maintained, and preserved;
Standard Benchmarking and Best Practices – how school can analyze themselves
by comparing their knowledge-based acquisition with other education institutions
worldwide and learning from their success; and
Intelligence System – how various scholars can have the information regarding
the latest knowledge they need without having to search it in advance.
15
ICT Role #2: Delivery Support - lahir dari kemampuan TIK menjadi media bantu
dalam penyelenggaraan proses belajar mengajar di kelas.
Driving Principles
ICT Values
Knowledge delivery should consider
the use of real world context.
Simulate the real world situation
and bring it into the class.
The more the illustrations are being given,
the faster the process of knowledge acquisition.
Develop multimedia presentations
to create astounding animations.
The students are expected to explore more of
what they already know independently.
Offer various CBT software for
” scenarios.
conducting “what-if”
The acquisition of knowledge are coming from
the interaction among students and teachers.
Use digital-based communication
commonly known by many people.
Ratio between the number of teachers and
students really makes difference
on facilitation process.
Leverage the technology applications
to mimic one-to-one relationship.
16
ICT Role #2: Delivery Support (continue)
Event Imitation – using technology to create animation of events or other learning
subjects representing real life situation;
Case Simulation - enabling teachers and students to study and to perform “what if”
”
condition in many cases simulation;
Multimedia Presentation – mixing various format of texts, graphics, audio, and video
to represent many learning objects;
Computer-Based Training (CBT) – technology module that can help students
to conduct independent study;
Student Learning Tools – a set of programs to help students preparing and storing
their notes, presentation, research works, and other learning related stuffs;
Course Management – an application that integrates all course related activities
such as attendees management, materials deliverable, discussion forum,
mailing list, assignments, etc.
Workgroup Learning System – a program that can facilitate teachers and students
group-based collaboration, communication, and cooperation;
17
ICT Role #2: Delivery Support (continue)
Three-Party Intranet – a network that links teachers, students, and parents as
main stakeholders of education;
Examination Module – a special unit that can be used to form various type of test
models for learning evaluation purposes;
Performance Management System – software that can help teacher in managing
student individual learning records and tracks for analyzing his/her specific
study performance;
Interactive Smart Book – tablet PC or PDA-based device that is used as
intelligent book;
Electronic Board – a state-of-the-art board that acts as user interface to exchange
the traditional blackboard and whiteboard; and
Blogger – a software module that can help the teacher keep track of student
progress through their daily experience and notes written in the digital format.
18
ICT Role #3: Transformative Enabler - merupakan peluang yang ditawarkan
TIK untuk beralih dari aset fisik menjadi aset maya (baca: virtual).
Driving Principles
ICT Values
In learning, “the sky is the limit””
philosophy should be emphasised.
Allow a 24/7 learning activities in an
anywhere, anytime, and anyhow mode.
The number and quality of library and
laboratory have positive and significant
impact on education.
Access a great number of e-library and
e-laboratory provided within the internet.
Limited physical resources shall not become
the burden of delivering good education.
Implement virtual class and e-learning
system through distance educational
learning mode.
Strategic resources and product(s)/
service(s) should be improved
in number and quality.
Join an inter-educational
institution network.
Managing IPRs are considered
as a very expensive effort.
Share and collaborate with the IPR
owners in various arrangements.
19
ICT Role #3: Transformative Enabler (continue)
Virtual Library - A library which has no physical existence, being constructed
solely in electronic form or on paper;
E-learning Class - any learning that utilizes a network (LAN, WAN or Internet)
for delivery, interaction, or facilitation without the existence of physical class;
Expert System - computer with 'built-in' expertise, which, used by a non-expert
in an education area as an exchange of a teacher or other professional in particular
field (expert);
Mobile School – a device that can be used to process all transactions or activities
related to student-school relationships (e.g. course schedule, assignment submission,
grade announcement, etc.);
Digital-Based Laboratory – a laboratory consists of computers and other digital
devices directly linked to many network (e.g. intranet, internet, and extranet) that
can be freely used by teachers or students for their various important activities; and
War Room Lab - a room or building that occupied by a good number of computers
to be used for scientific testing, experiments or research through diverse digital
simulation system.
20
ICT Role #4: Agent Capabilities - suatu keharusan bagi setiap pemangku
kepentingan untuk dapat menguasai TIK (baca: e-literacy).
Driving Principles
ICT Values
Every stakeholder should have competencies,
skills, and passion in using
technology for education.
Increase the e-literacy level of stakeholder
in a gradual-based mode.
“Information is the raw materials
of knowledge paradigm”
” should be
well understood by teachers.
Help the teachers to exchange information
among scholars all over the world.
Share of knowledge within the archipelago
continent of Indonesia is a must-to-do activity.
Offer high speed yet affordable
communication lines.
“Learning how to learn”
” is for the students,
teachers, and other stakeholders.
Provide with easy to use devices that make
learning process entertaining and enjoyable.
Learning is a process of a lifetime
and belongs to everybody.
Enable the activities required
by people who are willing to learn.
21
ICT Role #4: Agent Capabilities (continue)
Word Processing - witting software that allows the computer to resemble
a typewriter for the purpose of creating reports, making assignments, etc.;
Spreadsheet - type of program used to perform various calculations, especially popular
for mathematic, physics, statistics, and other related fields;
Presentation Tool – a software to be used for creating graphical and multimedia
based illustration for presenting knowledge to the audience;
Database - a collection of information that has been systematically organized for
easy access and analysis in digital format;
Electronic Mail - text messages sent through a computer network to a specified
individual or group that can also carry attached files;
Mailing List - a group of e-mail addresses that are used for easy and fast distribution
of information to multiple e-mail addresses simultaneously;
Browser - software used to view and interact with resources available on the internet;
Publisher – an application to help people in creating brochures, banners, invitation
cards, etc.;
22
ICT Role #4: Agent Capabilities (continue)
Private Organiser - a software module that can serve as a diary or a personal
Database or a telephone or an alarm clock etc.;
Navigation System – an interface that acts as basic operation system that is used
to control all computer files and resources;
Multimedia Animation Software - system that supports the interactive use of text,
audio, still images, video, and graphics;
Website Development– a tool that can be used to develop content easily;
Programming Language – a simple yet effective programming language to help
people in developing small application module;
Document Management – a software that can be used in creating, categorizing,
managing, and storing electronic documents;
Chatting Tool – an application that can be utilized by two or more individuals
connected to Internet in having real-time text-based conversations by typing
messages into their computer; and
Project Management - an application software to help people in planning,
executing, and controlling event based activities.
23
ICT Role #5: Performance Tool - adalah pemanfaatan aplikasi TIK bagi
pimpinan perguruan tinggi dalam mengelola institusi terkait.
Driving Principles
ICT Values
Every individual has its own talents
and characteristics in learning.
Allow teachers and parents (sponsors)
to keep track on individual learning
development in a very effective way.
Teachers should improve their competencies
and skills in various field of study.
Help the management to monitor
teachers performance in a timely basis.
Resources are limited, the effective
management of such assets should be in place.
Support the executives and managers
with tools to govern institution assets
and resources.
Institution should grow from time to time
in terms of its scope and quality.
Provide management with institution
performance dashboards system.
Government should have the knowledge
about education institution profiles.
Ease the government in monitoring
and supporting all education institutions.
24
ICT Role #5: Performance Tool (continue)
Executive Information System - a computer-based system intended to facilitate and
support the information and decision making needs of senior executives by providing
easy access to both internal and external information relevant to meeting the strategic
goals of the school;
Decision Support System - an application primarily used to consolidate, summarize,
or transform transaction data to support analytical reporting and trend analysis;
Management Information System - an information collection and analysis system,
usually computerized, that facilitates access to program and participant information
to answer daily needs of management, teachers, lecturers, or even parents; and
Transactional Information System – a reporting and querying system to support
managers and supervisors in providing valuable information regarding daily
operational activities such as office needs inventory, student attendance,
payment received, etc.
25
ICT Role #6: Resource Management System - adalah implementasi ragam
aplikasi TIK untuk mengelola sistem administrasi akademik dan non-akademik.
Driving Principles
ICT Values
Each individual needs unstoppable
learning support everyday.
Manage all individual needs through
cyberspace in a 24/7 mode.
Interactive interaction and transaction among
all education stakeholders require strong
back office management.
Perform asynchronous processes and
activities to serve all education stakeholders.
Quality of services in managing education
administration should be improved gradually.
Leverage assets and resources for
increasing institution efficiency.
People are the most valuable yet
limited resources in the institution.
Assign the human resources in
the best optimum possibility.
Inter-organisational educational
system emerges to exist.
Enable cross administration system
among different institutions.
26
ICT Role #6: Resource Mngt. System (continue)
Student Management System – a program that records and integrates all student
learning activities ranging from their detail grades to the specific daily progresses;
Lecturer Management System – a module that helps the school in managing all
lecturer records and affairs;
Facilities Management System – a unit that manages various facilities and physical
assets used for education purposes (e.g. classes, laboratories, libraries, and rooms),
such as their schedules, allocations, status, etc.);
Courses Management System – a system that handles curriculum management
and courses portfolio where all of the teachers, students, and facilities interact;
Back-Office System – a system that takes care all of documents and procedures
’s records;
related to school’
Human Resource System – a system that deals with individual-related functions
and processes;
Finance and Accounting System – a system that takes charge of financial
management records; and
Procurement System – a system that tackles the daily purchasing processes.
27
ICT Role #7: Infrastructure - pada dasarnya merupakan posisi TIK sebagai
sebuah infrastruktur perguruan tinggi masa kini.
Driving Principles
ICT Values
Today’
’s books are stored in the digital format.
Enable keeping the knowledge resources
in multi-storing devices.
Students and lecturers are more
active and very mobile.
Use range of digital products as
learning devices.
Learning should be done from any place
at anytime with anyhow mechanism.
Provide broadband infrastructure to enable
multimedia presentation of communication.
Physical geographical differences
should not be the constraints of learning.
Install affordable network for
better richness and reachness.
“The network is the school”
” paradigm
should be well introduced as new concept.
Gain competitive advantage for
the new learners over the others.
28
ICT Role #7: Infrastructure (continue)
Transmission Media – the physical infrastructure that enables digital data to be
transferred from one place to another;
Network and Data Communication – the collection of devices that manage data
traffic in one or more network topology system(s);
Operating System – the core software to run computers (digital devices);
Computers – the digital-based processing devices that can execute many tasks
as programmed;
Digital Devices – computer-like gadgets that can have a portion of capability
as computers;
Programming Language – a type of instructions set that can be structured to perform
special task run by computers;
Database Management – a collection of digital files storing various data/information;
Applications Portfolio – a set of software that have various functions and roles; and
Distributed Access Channels – special devices that can be used by users to access
any of the eight components mentioned.
29
ICT Role #8: Center of Excellence - merupakan kemampuan TIK dalam
membentuk jejaring institusi pendidikan untuk berbagi jasa dan sumber daya.
Driving Principles
ICT Values
All people should have an access
to any educational institution node.
Enable every individual in the country
to attach and to access any
educational institution.
Education should be able to produce innovations
for the betterness of the society.
Support all inventor candidates with
resources they need regardless
their limitation.
“Long life learning”
” paradigm should
be implemented in the society.
Provide the society with 24/7
learning-enabled activities.
Knowledge-based society is the ultimate
targeted profile of the humanitarian.
Become the center of community
gathering to acquire knowledge.
Quality education should be provided
to all people regarding their economy status.
Ensure the benefits gained from
the economic of scale phenomena.
30
ICT Role #8: Center of Excellence (continue)
Internet Access – ability to connect the center of excellence to the cyberworld;
Applications Portfolio – spectrum of education-based software that can be
shared by the center’
’s partners;
Database Jukebox – collection of knowledge content that can be accessed
by related parties;
Open Network – standard infrastructure that is easily be connected to other
individual, private, or public networks; and
IT Governance – structure of processes and their relationships to enable
the implementation of community-based sharable IT resources.
31
Dengan membangun koneksi TIK antar perguruan tinggi yang ada, maka akan
terciptalah suatu jejaring IC terbesar di nusantara.
32
Jejaring yang dimaksud hanya dapat tercipta secara “scalable”
” dan
“sustainable”
” jika terjalin kerjasama dalam kerangka Public Private Partnership.
Limited resources post crisis should be well allocated to cover nationwide needs.
Most of the problems lie upon building effective strategy to handle scalability and sustainability.
To achieve significant impacts, revolutionary yet fundamental approch should be taken.
Workable governance and business model should be established to satisfy multiple stakeholders.
PUBLIC
PRIVATE
PARTNERSHIP
33
Dengan menggunakan model utilitas yang berbasis pada paradigma “shared
services”
”, maka akan terciptalah jejaring PT nasional secara masif dan bermutu.
1
Provide complete range of learning tools, devices, features and capabilities;
2
Consist full array of learning contents and materials;
3
Invested by private sectors within the educational industry that meet certain standards;
4
Operating within a shared-services environment;
5
Consist of modular technology that can be easily tailored to the personal needs;
6
Adopt pay-per-use mechanism as main business model;
7
Governed by self-regulated agency accredited by national government; and
8
Offered widely to any individual or learning entities on demand mode.
34
Dengan demikian, maka flagship nasional di bidang pendidikan dapat tercapai
dalam tempo yang relatif singkat dan langsung berdaya guna.
d
c
a
built and
shared
Cluster
subsidise
TITAN for Education
Government
COE
f
pay per use
pay tax
COE
d
COE
COE
pay per use
COE
COE
Cluster
Private
Sectors
b
e
d
invest
pay per use
Cluster
return investment
35
Pada akhirnya, masing-masing COE akan menjadi suatu titik atau node tempat
IC dikelola melalui penerapan model Knowledge Management.
Environmental Influences
Political
Social
Governmental
Economic
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
The Architecture of Higher Education
Teaching and Education Deliverables – Research and Development – Public and Professional Services
People
LEADERSHIP
C Rector/Chairman
C Head of Academic
Department
C Head of Program
of Study
C Head of Divisions
C Chairman of the
Education
Foundation
C Advisory Boards
LEADERSHIP
Process
ORGANIZATION
Technology
Content
TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING
C Academic
Department
C Program of
Study
C Supporting
Functions
C R&D
C Processes
C Procedures
C TQM/BPR/ISO
ORGANIZATION
C Intranet
C Internet
C E-mail
C Data Warehousing
C Search Engines
C Decision Support
C Process Modeling
C Management Tools
C Communications
C Data/Content
C Intuition
C Innovation
C Learning
Community
C Virtual Teams
C Shared Results
C Exchange Forums
C Communications
C Culture
TECHNOLOGY
LEARNING
MULTIPLE DISCIPLINES
Higher Education Principles
Organization Development
36
Systems Management
Organization Behavior
Indonesia perlu bekerja keras untuk mengelola IC yang dimilikinya sehingga
dapat memberikan nilai tambah yang signifikan bagi pertumbuhan institusi.
37
Terima Kasih
Diskusi & Tanya-Jawab