A model using the flexibility of information systems to enchance the alignment of information systems and the environment : impication for information system success
rliii
Dea Distinguished Delegate,
World Academy of Science, Engineering md Technology Conference is m intemational scientific forum of
distinguished scholrs engaged in *ientific, engineering ud tehnological reseach, dedicated to rhe
furthemce of science, eaginering and technology- The academic resach conference since ils inception is at
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The conference plays
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exchmge of ideas on cment issues in science and trchnologyAll full paper submissions to the conference re prer reviewed & refereed md evaluated bmed on originality,
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INTERNATIoNAL SCIENTIFIc CoMMITTEE
Alexoder Voimky, USA
Mikhail E. Semenov
Maahe@tics Department
Hostos Commuiry College, CLNY, USA
Department of Higher Mathematics ad Madematicl
Physics Toruk Pollrechnic Unive$ity. Russia, RU
Arkady Bolotin, IL
Miloi Se&, CZ
Ben-Guion Univecity of the Negev
Beersheba, Israel
Bmo Uoiversity of Technology
lnstilute ofAutomation ed Compuler Science, CZ
Byoung-Tak Zhang, KR
School ofComputer Science and Engineering
Seoul National Uoivesity, Seoul, Korea
Mohammad Siddique. USA
Depament of Mathematics and Computer Scietrce,
Fayeiteville Sare Unive6ity, USA
Chmseng He, USA
Departrnent of Ceognphy
Westem Michigm UniveNity, USA
Omr
Christos Grccos, UK
School ofComputing
University ofWest OfScotland, UK
Peter Pivonla, AU
Melboume School Of Enginering
Depanment of Biomedical Engineering, AU
J. Khan, USA
Maine Business School
University of Maine, USA
Edgardo Bucciuelli. lT
Pmbhat K, Mahmri. CA
Department of Quantitative Methods and Economic Theory, Depmenr of Compurer science
and Applied Statistics,
Univereity of ChietiPescam - ltaly
Universiry of New Bmswick, Canada
Eric T T Wong,
HK
Departmeil ofM€chanical
Engineering
The Hong Kong Polytechnic Uoiv€sity, Hong
James. A. Nelson. USA
Department of Accomtitrg ed tnfomation
New Mexico State University
Kong
Systems
CA
Univemity
Faculry ofEducarion. Ceada
Kenan Maawie, AU
School ofComputing and Mathematics
Univemity of Westem Sydney, AurElia
Ketrneth Revett, UK
University ofWesrninster
Karen Amstrong,
S.
M. A. Bqey, pK
Depanment of i)omputer Science
Univemity ofKamchi, pakistan
Wang Zhigang. USA
York
Hanow School ofComputer Scieoce, London,
euoc_Nam Tmn. USA
Lamar (Tex6 State) Univesity
Beaumonr, Texas, USA
Univirsity ofLalifomia, Davis
Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering, USA
Zarita Zainrddio. My
School ofMathematical Sciences
Universiti Saire Malaysia
UK
Zhama Miogaleva, RU
Faculty ofEionomrcs
pem State Universiry, Russia
TABI..E OF CONTENTS
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A MODEL USING THE FLEXIBILITY OF
INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO ENHANCE TTM
ALIGNMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
AND THE ENVIRONMENT : IMPLICATIONS
FOR INFORMATION SYSTEM SUCCESS
Wartikar, Kridanto Surendro2, Eddy Suryanto S.r, Iping Supriana
S.a
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imovations of the other form md new tlpe of service, ud so
on are some exmpla of mvirmmtal chmgs lhat have
mticipated.
Developmmt of infomatim systms that do oot take into
a@ount dre pmsibilities that will occu in the futwe, have m
impact on information systms is not very long-lived beeuse
it require a fimdammtal overhaul. Fm example, information
systems m not m€t the neds of the wr again due to the
addition ofnew functions, whqm in the old systern facility to
add new fimctionality not available tr c{r not be integrated if
Absrmct- In this time. the chmging of buin6s flvironment is
very fast md dynmic.SwiEl od gro*4h of the orgmiation in m
inamingly cmplex od ueItair! impact on the reed for
infmation s)Etcffi which ro be adapted to respotd the cheges s
tha alwals kep in hmony"with the flvircment. Alignment of
rnfomtion s;ctem md the mviroment e imPortmt to malntain
md enhare the suess of infomatim systm to give contribute io
the acNevemcot of @rpoBte g@ls.
lafomatio system which de built without
obserye the
pmsibilitis that will be required uer in the fuMe. will result iD a
fundamqtal chuge in the infomation s)stem built- Thercfore, the
st'ategy of flexibility is aeded in mticipation of the chmges. This
papq propGes a model uing the flexibility of the infomtion
slAtem 6 il altmative solutim to imprcw the aligmeot of
infomation systeru ud ihe envirmment: implietioos for the
suwss of infmtiu slatem.
available.
Howevr, these faturs should not be ineluded all beause
this relates to the epacity of processing md user inttrface.
Anotha exmple is the dwelopmeat of servie system which
is web-based md mobile- Thug the informatim systm s'hich
is built mut be flqible, 6y to use atrd easy to chmge as
.trEmrdJ-lnfomation sFtm alignment, avirmot,
infmatim systm flexibility, infmation s)Ttm sucs
I.
nede4 withot having to make a huge chmge
To m€t the needs of usqs who continuouly chmge
according to the chmges in ihe busines mvironmmt, the
alignmat of infomatim systems and the avironment ue
importml The altraticns that originatd either in the intmal
or in the stmal mvirment of the buinss, create 0te need
to qacise a flexible strategy
This papa proposes a model using the flexibility of
infmation systems to ahme the alignmat of infomation
s)6tms and the enyironmat : implication for information
INTRODUCTION
In this time, the chmging of business enyirontmmt is very
frst and dynmic. In crdq to met the needs of usas, won the
@mp€tition in raching snsumtrs, provide the best swice,
md mticipate the environmmtal chmgs, companies re
mmpeting simultanmusly to improve the prfomme of
sJstm infomation md make new imowtions in the
construction of iofomtim slstms so that m succasfully,
md contribute gratly to the achievemmt of @rporate gmls.
One my en be done so that infomation s)€tms which ile
built to achieve success is build the infomation q6tms that
an easily
adapt according
to the cheging
and
firdmmtal-
slstm
success.
ALIGNMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
AND THE E}ryIRONMENT
businss
Alignmant according to litmlly mms an almgemmt of
groups or fore in relation to me mothtr. mvirommt h6
the most imptrtant role as the determinmt of alignmant.
mvirmmenl,
An iacrasing nmber of consumtrs, infomtion
tshnology chages so rapidly, the awd for cre facilities ae
more convenim! efficimt and effective, network expasion
inaesing nmtrcr of competitors, the
mekets, a
m mganization is a deliete art of achiwing
bawm is wius internal md flt€mal
Managing
alignmmt
€mpmmts. Due to incrffiing of complexity, mcertainly,
r
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world Acadefr), of S€imce, Enginering ad Tchnology 72
to develop a model that m
facilitate the adaptation of infomatim systems in order to stay
in tune with the chmging mvironmflt. In order to remin
competitive and to swive, a compay must be has a respon*
to extmal forces of environment. This impliG to consids the
infomation systm (lS) alignment [4]. Conmponding
dynmic adaptatims of the Infomation System ile studied in
the Infomtim System alignmart tield [3].
Incrmsingly complex and mcertain aviroment drives the
increase in IT epability, and the use ofnewr IT capabilities
continuous development
furthq increases the fubulence. Swival md grouh of
agmiztions in such a turbulmt mvironment degrcnds on how
well informatim systems (lS) align the entire organiation
r
with environmmtal preferences [ 6] .
From a conceptual modelling or ontology point of view, '.
[6] suggest thre main ptrspsrives for modelling an
information $6tem dedicated to assessing such technology
ovirmmmts. The perspectivm have been identified through a
litsatue review of the major mvirmmmt mal) iis
approaches md conespond to the major propenies of
tehnology envirmments: the actors perspctive deals qirh
complexity; the issues ptrspective is concemed with
Mcertainty; the uses perspective cops with disrupliveness. ln
addition, the* perspectives are linked by the concept of
to
influence as illustrated in Figue
n
r
n
if
2
en signifimtly
ad sfategi$ [6].
Thtrefore it is nwry
b
I
of envirmmental cmditions , the aligmmt of
information systems and mvironmmtal becoms importmt_
Organiatiors basielly scan thek envirometrt in ord€r to
udtrstand the extml forcc of chage that may affct their
futue position so that they m develop effective responres
md diwprive
D
E
20
l"
influence &e future conditims of the
envirmmat md. consequ€nrly, the ability of the orgmiztion
to achieve its objectives [2]
Complexity is mainly due ro a lage body of *lforgmized
stakeholders- Uncatainty is due to upredictable dynamic
futues with rmy open issues. Dimptivenss means non-
md ure of tchnology, with
inflection points (or substitute tffhnology) [7]
III-
INFORMATIONSYSTEMFLEXBILITY
Infomation Systm (lS) flexibiliry
has bem regarded
s
m
importmt indietu of infomation ttrhnology success
Infomation systems must be llexible to stisry uer
requirments, parricululy in chmging environmmts [12] , ..
[24] found users can never be satisfied in mergmt
orgmiztims, because their needs tre always chmging .,.
Using the flexibility of the infomatim system has been
widely used for vrious purposes, there tre two t)pes of
lnfomation system flexibility [l I ]
:
A. Infomation
system flexibility for use is the rmge of
possibililies provided by an infomarion system util a
major chmge is required
B. Flexibility to chmge or the potmtial adaprability for further
chmges of a given infomatim systems
"fill
Analogously,
deltne Infomation system luibiliry4orrse as the rmge of prrcess requirements that is supported by
the lnfomation System without requiring a major change
the lnfomatim System".
"
fl
l]
to
Suggest
II
exibi lity-teuse with
of
operarionalize Infomalion System
fow factors
:
IE
A. System functionality refers to the different featues
n
n
B.
6
rd
9e
re
re
al
C.
n
of
n
n
Fig. I : Environmental malysis framework [6]
The actors perspectiye repr€sents the supply side of the
mvironmmt. The relevant actors ile thce, which have the
power to directly or indirectlyinflumce the orgmiarion's
prfommce[7]
of
's
J
v.
The use or usage persprctive represents the demmd side of
the organizatim's envtonmmt. Assessing the uses and the
maket basically implies invatigating the md user neds and
how th€y are tmnslated into demmds (capacity and
willingness to pay for these products). It is importait ro
undersaand how cutomers adopt and value the technologies
md the value propositions o{Iered by the differenr actors.[7].
Issues can be defined as open md debarable qu6rims,
elents or other forthcoming developments whose realiation
system provides to the user.
Scope of the udrlying database
a
refrs, for
example to the
puchased
through the catalog of an eltr(ronic prmuement slatem,
or the nmber of analyses and reports provided by a data
warehouse application. In general, the laga the database,
lhe more expensive ed difficult it is to set up and maintain
User intqface describes the different featues md methods
a Infomation s)6tem provides to a user to inttracl with
the s)atem, md includes the nmber and type of available
nmber of product categories that cm tre
access
chmels.
D. Prrcessing capaciry refers to the nmber of users an IS
can accommodate oncmently. It also refers to lhe nmber
of transctions and user requests an infomation sptem
can prmess without major pcformmce losses, masurcd
for exmple in response times"
Besides the level of informatim s)atem flexibility-touw
with respet to functionality, data base, user interface, md
prmessing capacity, infomation system managrs face a
second decision regarding m (additional) investment thal rill
allow the information system ro be changed, upgradd and
expmded after its initial implemmtation_ Choica rmge Em
systms that cmot be chmged in ily way (off-rhe-sh€lf.
tmkey systems) to armgemmls that provide a lage r-ari*-.
lWorld
Acldmy of Scienc., E giffiirgasdTehmlogr
of
c'ppdtunities for change based for example
modulariation of s)Etem componetrlsl I l]
m
the
Flaibility-rxhange is conceptually related with aI
infrostructure, defined u a gmral-prrpo* tchnological
resource that is shared tircughout the crganizrrim, that is of
lmg-tm use, atrd that provides a basis for moe spcific
applietion [5].
'1101 Stated that IT hfiasaucfire
flxibility m
intmal
and
qtanal uses" . Oths refermes
define that cometivity as the ability
of any tshnology
component to attach to any ofthe other componmts inside and
otside the orgmizatioml avircnmgrl Compatibility is the
ability to shae any type of iafmmation amoss any tmhlology
omponent. Finally modularity is defined as rhe ability to ad4
modifo, and remove aoy
softwe, hardwe or
tl2l
build on the
rsadr reslrs [l] of
who wefully
idmtified tkee factors as releEnt to dmribe the
IT infi:astruchf6:
A.
B.
C.
flaibilitv of
The flexibility of the IT pssomel,6 rhe wiety of skills
md attitudB of the IT sraff
The integmtion ofdara and finctionality, as provided by m
open network uchitetue, a multitude of intsfaces with
kansptrmt access to platfoms md applimtions md the
ompatibility of applications across platfoms
Modulrity, p(ovided by reusble softwre modules,
vmdo-independent
databm connetivity, md
a basic model cmsisting of six catcgories
[9]:
of
A. Slst€m qulity, the desirable chmcteristics of an
infcmatim qotm- Fc ample : sse of use, s)6tm
fl*ibility, sys'tem reliability, and ease oflearning as well
as qlst€rn feah[€s of
inuitivenes-s, sophisticatio,
flexibility, aad rsponse times-
B- Infmmrioo qulity, the
s)stem dtputs.
desirable characteristics of rhe
relevance,
For aample :
udasbndability, sccuracy, cmcisene*! completeness,
udersbDdability, sfieacn timeliness, and usability.
C. Swie qulity, tbe quality of the support that system us€rs
rceive from infmmatim system departaeot pa.sonnel.
D.
data
componmts of the intastuchre with ase md with no maju
ovaall effect [5].
To operationalize infomation system flexibility-to-chmge
ha
Infmmation System mccess
defined in
tem of tkee dimmsians : comectivity, cmpatibility, md
modularity'. B/' [9] mlectivity md comparibiliry focus m
shaing a cmmon set of IT resouces (hadware, softvre.
and data) with
The DMSM
?2 2012
Ftr aample : respmsiveness, accuracy, reliability,
tabniel corrpeteirce, md ernpathyof the persmtrel staff
System use, the degree md manner io u/hich staff and
custmas utilire the capabilities of an infonnation sysem.
Fm exmple mmt of use, frequency of use, atmt of
F.
mdpupw
ofuse.
satisfactim, fm aample tfre mo6t widely used multi
attrihrte instument for mming infomaticn stisfaction
Net benefits, the extmt to which informatiotr q6tm are
use,
E.
Us
ontributing to the sm
of individuals, groups,
orgmiztims, industris, md natims- For emmple
improved deisim making improved productivity,
incmed sals, @si reduclim, improved profits, milket
efficiency, mn$mer welfare, creation of jobs,
cmomicdmlqrmat.
Thse €tegtris of infmatioo sptem suees
in figue
as
and
illutrated
2.
objetorianted dwelopment tmls.
For individual Infomatioa Systm applications, '{l2l
*ith the thre categoric of
Weratimalizp llsibility-to-change
Persomel
B. Integration of data md fimctionality
C. Modulility of system components"
Each category impacts the ability of m organiation to
chmge the level of Information Sptem flexibility-tGuse
mmifested u the ability to provide nw Infomation System
functionalities, to recombine and reorganize amss to larious
&ta sowm, to allow for modifimtions of the us interfae,
and to change the available processing epacity. Hme,
Information S)stem flexibility to- change m be viewed as a
real optim, expressing m optimal invstmmt in additim to
the invstmmt into flexibility-te.use, that trai6 the
possibility, but not the obligation of future chmges of the
hfomation Systm []
ry.
TNFORMATTON SYSTEM SUCCESQ
One of the most cited models fu measuing informatim
systems success is the Del-me and Mclru lnfomation
Systms Success Model, frm now on referred to s DMSM.
Fig. 2 Iryated Detme and
Success
Dirctioml aroffi
quality md
Mclsn krfmation Systan
Model [21]
indicate that system
*rvie qulity will affect the
qulity, information
ue md
intension to
llg stisfactim. Then the net beoefit obtained is influeoced
by the intensi@ to w ad user stisfactim.
In mmt cm it is not obvious how they will be measwed in
pmctice. To firlfill this, each qitaioo must in the
qmlities [9] :
th*
ad fulfill
Tshnology 72 2012
world Academy ofscience' Eugi'eritrg ad
having to make a sigruficmt md fimdammtalchmge'
3'
Propsed modilcan be seen infigue
slthilt
be able
the purposwi-rh all the above is to
Thus tre
*d to*putt information systems -Ihe
ai*.*.
m1d9
]i Ji"il"*t"r"* wiil ned to be measurable'
md it
is another discussion' but in the
A.
"- Measurability.
ililJ;;;;;t
e.
"
tl
to a mtenon'
mu$ be Possible to assign a Yalue
criteria mu$ be
;;ii.i,i";"i,icn, h Jrder to do so' the
dom into points of obseruation' *trse
ilffi;;;;;k";
the
t*"a cteuly u'hat entiry or Phenommon
ii
"points actually concem'
obsewation
is my belief
c" oumtificarion, utlile not shctly nemsary' itmasuements
daign goal to formulate the
ir, r,lt
" "".a
ofousrvation in a quantitative mannq . ,
ir-irc oorit
$rourq
possiUie to validate, With the above tfuee polnts' lt
o
"
to evalute how well a sPecific contribute
rl*lUf"
"i*'t*
criteria
;1t;Ju.iul';;liry or an inrormation svstem'
* thl* io have no impact should be removed'
Jr,i"t,
"*
,
DISCUSSION
suPply'. Product'
the aDD€trmce of demand vtriety'
and others from the businas environmmt'
added the chmctrisncs
Paper' the authss
envircnmmt beside complexitv' ucenantv'
;;;;'fitlr..t
expressed by[6]' thre is also
with
.;:";";:;';,
#;ruil;;it
md disrupriveness. as
il'^urii,""'vrtirliiity of the business mvironment
of infmation systems indiators'
--nrIn.J,tt.
-';"il;;;;;. ,u...ss
i" simplifv the trmsactim Process' s
*lJ*;;."';.;#,i::.h:X'l"l',ff
different trmsactions. on-hness
will
rhat
"ff HI"ilil
Information Systems
Fis. L A Model Using The Flexibiliry of
And The
e'*il"..H" nrgiment of Information Slstems
Success
Ir"plications for [nformation Svstem
;;t;;;;;t,
gromng the demand for
"f
;;;';;. and cosr' Thm ' -can.
ao' in mobile so that the
.fi;m which
;ilil;;
Based m the reference
Both of thm must be
here
m)ryv
done
be
cm
ilrr"'.ti.,
as follows
qpe
of
services
i. a single s)stem' because the
Jil*J"iJ
incerlain cases as appropriate'
is used
.'iffi;;-r-Ple
ue
'"
is the'ditt"re"t rypes of deals which
transactions by competitors' fto-t -*^:
tr"".;-l
banking system or
"ff"J'p"v**,'
irip.,r,irt'rrtu, ofr.r palments via intmet of them should-be
card payment s)stem Both#.i
ordtr to serve vanous
services
[7] md
II
2] cm
be described again
:
@
@
@
" "*ai, in a single system' in
l.o.moaut"a
ostomers with differmt conditionsinflexible ro
-if ,n" information system which is built
by lhe
pr*ia.'iiii.""i n'ntriont that is required or offered
gorng to
with different vuiations' the impact is
;-;;;;;",
of sewice' while thce-engineering of the
;J:il;;;i-,
Jot. tyu". wiil take time md cost a bit'
-;.;[
in Figue 3 shows that chmges m
chractaistics such m complexily' uncertainty'
vriabilitv will affect the success of
;"*.
-Ir""**"f
;;;;il;;'-;
infomation slstems indicators'
in the value on the success of
ffi";;;;ii;;
.-i"* il0t."*t because the influence of environmenal
betwemJ*"i. tl it it is indieted a shift in rhe alignmant
and the environment The existence of
ffitiil;;';;i";s"t
led to untulfilled the needs of user as
;;i;;;i'"-
chuactqisics with
Fip 4. The relation betwtrn neighborhood
,li-msions of infomation system tlexlblllty
to keep the alignmmt m this mfomarion
there ts
und thc mvironmmt is still stable desprte
it needs to build
.ffects of the chmges n environmenl'
that re flexible' adaptableas needed
so lhat at the time of information
of .n'irmmmi,
tE
-;;s
"h*g",
builr, it needs to be considered the
.y.""i'"",ir"r,
qpected.
-Th.r.for..
syri"*,
in'fo*ution
infomation
systems flexibly in
Figue 4 shows that in cder to information
systems-
l r82
World Acad@y of
Sd@, Elgiffiing
funcrionality of system, the scope of the database,, -user
int€rface, proc€ssing capacity, cmnectivity, conpatibility'
mdmodulrity-
Frm lhe pevious discussion, it @ be concluded that the
changm in the mvironmmt that cause a shift in the aligoment
betdm infomation systems and the avirmments which are
by impairment of the scccss indiatGs ia
infmmation s)Etems,
anticipated
with
the
flqible infmnatiut sptems'
coastruction of
VII.
Thmgh Infmmation Technologf' B,6tm, MA:
il41 Us
[15]
Mathias
of information sy$em flilibility md mvirmmatal
information s)Eterns, the scess of eovirmmmlal
chmctqistim *trich is chaga in infmatim s)Etms, the
alignmat in shifting'
" Ral
Options: Managin-g
Strategic Options in m Uncertain World"' 1999,
Cambridge, MA: Hmard Buines Schml Pras'
Ansoff, H. (1930). "strategic Iss€ Managmmt"'
Stategic Meagmat Jomal (2): 13l-148'
Avila-O. , Goepp V-, Kiefer F'' 'Understanding md
Classifying krformatim Systm Alignmmt'{pprorches'
[2]
t3l
,2W9,2-13
Kiefer F' , "A framework to
mallse tS alignmmt approaches: Towuds the definitim
of mdatying alignmant mechmismf" 2008' 80-89
Byrd, f.'ma O. Tmer, "Masuring lhe Flexibility of
lnformation Tehnology In&astruchre: Explomtcy
Analysis of a Construct", Joumal of Managmenl
[a] Avila O. , Gcpp V',
t5l-
System' 17, l(2000)' 167-208'
Campmovo G., Pigneu Y. , "Information System
Alignmat in Unertain Envirmmmts" , 2003'l -l I
Inforution
[6]
PigneuY','Assesing
'[7]- CaiponovoG.,OstqmlderA.,
a omplex, uncertain md diruptive technology
environment for better IT alignmmt ", 2003' l -11
[8] Cmpmovo G. , "A Pro'posl For A
Buiness
Environmmt Ontology'" 2008' l-12
Delone W. H.. Mctean E. R, "Infomtim Systerns
Sucess Revisited ', 2002, l-10
il01 Dunm N.B. , "Captuing Flexibility of ^Informatim
Technology lnfrasEuctue: A Study of ResouceChmcreristics ud Their Measue", Joumal of
Managerunt In{omtion Sys,em Vol' 12, No' 2 (Fall'
[9]
1995), PP.37-s7
Il
Schobs F., "lnformation Flexibility and The
Performmce of Business Proceses", 2005, I -44
ll Geba;;J.,
Metamodel FG Strategic Business
tl6l Malik IC, Goyal D.P- , 'IS
ad
Alignment and
Nmbert G., Michael R, Maagng Change :
'tsusin*V IT Alignm€ot and Adaptibility of
[t8]
Informatim SYstem" , 174l-1751
Paul P.T., Wallae E.C., "Using Flexibility to Eohmce
the Atignmant Betwm Information Systems md
BusinesiStrategy: Iruplicatim for IT Business Value",
2003, l-36
[9] P*a C. w. K€tr, Keeru
P. Shaping the
Future:
Technology'
Bcton, MA: Hrvard Business School Press, 191'
Stateg5r
[20]- Phumg Vu, Cristia Micliuc, "IT Bminess
Atignmmt: concePl, Model od Matuity",2010, l-3
Buiness Design Throrgh Information
'
Petla S., Detnne W- , Mclsn E'
t2ll
' 'Infmation
Systm Success : Models,
REFERENCES
tr{. and N. Kulatilaka,
8.,'A
IT Alignmat As.sesmeot" , I-10
infmation slstems md the environmmt:
the sums of infomatim systm propmed, it
needs firrthq reseach on analysis: the effect ofthe alignmmt
emm,
Syctem
I-mnel P., turique S. M., Ncm3n V'' Johmy F',
the alignrnmt of
[]
md Global Informatio
Implmentatim", l-3
[7]
is trough the
Press, 1991.
C. Ho, Robert C. Nickermn' Jamie Eng 'Saategic
Alignment
FUTURERESEARCH
chmga of chaactcistics
2ol2
-IS
Effecrivaess Experioces From lodian hdu$rJf, 2003
From the model use infomation systems flexibility to enimce
imnlica'tion for
72
t{aryad Busincs School
CONCLUSION
allowing for
TahNlog
Gebauer r., Schober F. ,'lnformaticn System Flexibility
ad The Cosr EffEciency of Buinss hrrcses", 2005, l33
Kem, P. 'shaping the Funne: Business Design
{l3l
- -
VI.
characterized
Il2l
sDd
'Measuing
dimeosicns'
masuc, md interrelationship", 2008, 237-257
Ruev S.C., C-hia M.S., Mulyn M H', Wen J', "Factas
'l22l- In{lumciog Inforrution S}stem Fl€xibility : A'
[23]
Interpretive Flexibility Paspective", 2009,.1-4Ta ielix B. md Gallupe RB' , 'Aligning Business
md lnforutim Systms Thinking: A
Apprmch", 2006, 223-235
t24l Tru*,D.P.,
R BaskfliUe,et
Emagat Organiztions.",
Cognitie
al, "Growing Systems in
1999
Dea Distinguished Delegate,
World Academy of Science, Engineering md Technology Conference is m intemational scientific forum of
distinguished scholrs engaged in *ientific, engineering ud tehnological reseach, dedicated to rhe
furthemce of science, eaginering and technology- The academic resach conference since ils inception is at
the cuning edge of intemtional nonprofil $ientific, engineering md technological progrcs to promoting
excellence in science.
The conference plays
m inlluential role in science md promotes developments in science, engineering md
tectnology in a wide mge of ways. The conference aims to foster research in the ue of science md
technology md its impact 10 minstream hum activities. Speifically, it serues as a venue for discussion and
exchmge of ideas on cment issues in science and trchnologyAll full paper submissions to the conference re prer reviewed & refereed md evaluated bmed on originality,
reseach content, atrd corechess, relevmce to contributions, md radability. In this context, lhe full paper
sutrmissions ue chosen baed on technical merit, ioterest, applicability, and how well they fit a coherent and
balaced technical program. The accepted full papen after rigorous peer reviewing process have been published
in the refereed intemational conference prmeedings.
INTERNATIoNAL SCIENTIFIc CoMMITTEE
Alexoder Voimky, USA
Mikhail E. Semenov
Maahe@tics Department
Hostos Commuiry College, CLNY, USA
Department of Higher Mathematics ad Madematicl
Physics Toruk Pollrechnic Unive$ity. Russia, RU
Arkady Bolotin, IL
Miloi Se&, CZ
Ben-Guion Univecity of the Negev
Beersheba, Israel
Bmo Uoiversity of Technology
lnstilute ofAutomation ed Compuler Science, CZ
Byoung-Tak Zhang, KR
School ofComputer Science and Engineering
Seoul National Uoivesity, Seoul, Korea
Mohammad Siddique. USA
Depament of Mathematics and Computer Scietrce,
Fayeiteville Sare Unive6ity, USA
Chmseng He, USA
Departrnent of Ceognphy
Westem Michigm UniveNity, USA
Omr
Christos Grccos, UK
School ofComputing
University ofWest OfScotland, UK
Peter Pivonla, AU
Melboume School Of Enginering
Depanment of Biomedical Engineering, AU
J. Khan, USA
Maine Business School
University of Maine, USA
Edgardo Bucciuelli. lT
Pmbhat K, Mahmri. CA
Department of Quantitative Methods and Economic Theory, Depmenr of Compurer science
and Applied Statistics,
Univereity of ChietiPescam - ltaly
Universiry of New Bmswick, Canada
Eric T T Wong,
HK
Departmeil ofM€chanical
Engineering
The Hong Kong Polytechnic Uoiv€sity, Hong
James. A. Nelson. USA
Department of Accomtitrg ed tnfomation
New Mexico State University
Kong
Systems
CA
Univemity
Faculry ofEducarion. Ceada
Kenan Maawie, AU
School ofComputing and Mathematics
Univemity of Westem Sydney, AurElia
Ketrneth Revett, UK
University ofWesrninster
Karen Amstrong,
S.
M. A. Bqey, pK
Depanment of i)omputer Science
Univemity ofKamchi, pakistan
Wang Zhigang. USA
York
Hanow School ofComputer Scieoce, London,
euoc_Nam Tmn. USA
Lamar (Tex6 State) Univesity
Beaumonr, Texas, USA
Univirsity ofLalifomia, Davis
Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering, USA
Zarita Zainrddio. My
School ofMathematical Sciences
Universiti Saire Malaysia
UK
Zhama Miogaleva, RU
Faculty ofEionomrcs
pem State Universiry, Russia
TABI..E OF CONTENTS
'\2
!13
zl4
215
2t6
\7
I8
219
120
221
222
Page
.PART)O.
\rticle #
Pans h Cstboo SEls
Fminc of NanodiMti@l sffi
l. Koinm, u a*ir N. Koptw M Pollntow A Gulia
tdtcd by A5Pb1@ PEipiuim
xGJor w*,o,i* oo lhc Effd of co2 .{d wAG ItiEtiB m PsBbility R.dfri6
Lidroil
)ii p- ,lt.'n. ooe s. a* sina sll Ali4 ktuil M tua
Kclffi Se
o! A@titr8 C@ A sudy Adog 6c S@dlary Sch@l Str'Lis in r RtgioEl
Pdi6
*Ahd Huhin, Abdul Mutolib EnbT , Z'lliM H Sh@i
Mulri-Robd Collisid Avoid.G B,s.d o! ToLo Pri6ity
Ky@g-Sit Choi, Sxk4Y{ lre
Mdpholo$r rod
Eff@ts of RCp Coabd t6 wd @ Co.Ml Eail,othcli.t Cdl
Thc
-u)m.
n. wt*,lti u.N. t"hhd-tu d' N''ldl, N' Mohldin
nt6
itr
iarim
Cmt
Thictacs of
KdlMG Pdias
tt42
I 145
h Chickc6
i!0uc@ lhc Lifrtift tld sal6of Mobilc Agplidion
dd f|m &da@gcu$@6
r 135
l 138
Tehoiq@
iee Ctaree oislsioah 22 kv XLPE Inilhttd Ceblc by uiag
i. Rwngkajoanake' R Thiwi. B' Morugsri
eda oinagctu frma o Rat Liq Xobiotic-Mdbolizitrg EoaG
Oodiviloi R-, Piwid@ A.
LiG si!8 Fffi Dwic'
An A@l@h b M8imi4 $c L,adability of Tlrlmision
*oii"t o.Oebe, otpnoiav Tutokae' tush Boade
Eoteiitidis s t Norcl liw Vcirc Cedidarc fot Ssllt@Idis
A Gaaically Engin*rtd Derivarivc of Sol@cll'
ltw Ia
;;r/'i m,li i.,i N"adre' chd@ v Jawle, s@nr-K's Eo' Jit Ho Pa* John
i: M.'hFa
t-n C*,io. that Sh.p6 iic Politiel l$dsF 'nd DiE@ioIAuut'Roh*
i-*,i*
I'*'hatut'lmin
u'aaEnbon& 'tzetin MN@q
;;;;;;;;;d*';i"iiit",tu'i
qhd etioxidst &{iviti6'
Soybao ud fmored $yias
Ao6iilai, R.
'affiil,
Howdo tn@diotr Acdviti6 b€v@c6b06
tl21
lt32
Pul*El*Ewe*h M@l
W..
I 120
l 153
l162
169
1
I173
Preducs?
Su"gs@ Jana,
225
226
227
228
229
230
2!t
212
233
234
235
236
231
238
219
2N
Jaihat Chung
thc AligMt of lnfotEilioo Sysls 8d
rhe Fl€xibility of tnf@uoo Syslm to Eohme
lmolidio6 fd hfolfition SYsEm SuGs
s
ial""ro srutdro. Eddv Suryonro S ' IPing &!pri@
ilii
ADlysis
ol"*ir** orco**. choie for otrlirc T6rel shoppisS sit s: A coofi@rory
A Mod€l
sing
fu-Lfit Wag
Fuzy Logic
ootimiat;of Mdqial Rc@v8l RsE io Elffiical Di$hrrgc M&hining uing
tlnit Kohli. Auhin Wodhwo' Tapan Yimi' Uiiwal Join
L*ti- for kEbllation of Plmt Bi@s siog Ad'Ptivc Trbu seeh
ilJtioo
A. Th@6m, R. ONiilai. A Oomivilai
fd ere Air B(m Ha\Y Mels
Suay on rtrc Po.dtials of Epiphytic Fc6 as Bimnitor
nrfUioarv
A.u. Ezeibe, S O Adqeno, C O B' Okove
Cos Optimiatim in HiSi volbgc Ovcrhesd LiE
Hairhon Y. Salor
Tnsmihl Review ChEk List fot Eldi@l EquiPlMl
Nahel Al-Hoien
r.rorivatio in Eiplainiig
tt *.r"
"rir*.i"
" Ssftba,
OYslein Ssrebd
Anne
ssd6s willingnN b e softqe
l,fili*i"ci
ii*
ir*i,
lr,;*,
lJolication of SDSILIBS in Raovcry tdprcvemt &ofi Ftuotd-Modds
Hdfupow
Rxml RorL Mohanod Hosein Sedoghat' R@ JMii' Ami
EtrviMr
t79
I
I 184
1
187
I 193
ll99
1204
1208
Appti@tio$
HiSh ThrcughPd vitusl s'@in8
Yenlot6@ Javapratash' Ariiit BNu Bqii Nav@ Sinho
BucHey lJvcafr Mdbod
6ing
Oil
Rtcoqis
vffi
Crmlatiw
WaEt
of
Flo*
lmlsis Fnftion
R@ Cheroshi Xetidi' lnffn Bin sdrnnd
Petallcl Robot
Acutld
a
Rcdudadty
for
Op,i*l Torqw Di*iburio Method
ii-*tit
H@S@k Shin, TaelVoa Sa, Jeh l{on lze
Culm
Thc Rolc of Music sl-Faabi dd Ib sim in world
M.B''onirbe*ova A'o"Zhwbaswa D M' shmahai s'
E;;;;;i.-;i;rnrv-,
OfEG in Colodbo Division' SriLlka
Potie
t-mp f mions a@ng Tafric sd M'TEffic
s. P. K Edinm, H' Llturdisho H P
i;;:;;:;"d"ii;hudura
Troking of Moving Robor
A shdy ; Ngorilhm Fsion for R*ogEition ed
Jungho Choi, Youngw@ Cho
in Jet Mird
Angl'
Nozlc
of
Flx;menul sd CFD lnvdtigation
-Raa Jononrri Mohonmd Hdril setutha'' Amir Haanq'our
i;;;;i;A;'
Frcsrcd Models
E{fmu of Polmem md Alkalitre on R@vcry kDPovcmilt tom
Mohoanod Hosein Sedaghat' R@ J@diri' Ani HotamPow
chifug*y" oifz pudc doffiin'
thc
1213
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1233
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world Ac.dmy of Sciae, Eoginaiog aod Tehnolo6t
Z
-l
A MODEL USING THE FLEXIBILITY OF
INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO ENHANCE TTM
ALIGNMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
AND THE ENVIRONMENT : IMPLICATIONS
FOR INFORMATION SYSTEM SUCCESS
Wartikar, Kridanto Surendro2, Eddy Suryanto S.r, Iping Supriana
S.a
I
|l
lr
H
r-
{I
I
f,
I
I
I
imovations of the other form md new tlpe of service, ud so
on are some exmpla of mvirmmtal chmgs lhat have
mticipated.
Developmmt of infomatim systms that do oot take into
a@ount dre pmsibilities that will occu in the futwe, have m
impact on information systms is not very long-lived beeuse
it require a fimdammtal overhaul. Fm example, information
systems m not m€t the neds of the wr again due to the
addition ofnew functions, whqm in the old systern facility to
add new fimctionality not available tr c{r not be integrated if
Absrmct- In this time. the chmging of buin6s flvironment is
very fast md dynmic.SwiEl od gro*4h of the orgmiation in m
inamingly cmplex od ueItair! impact on the reed for
infmation s)Etcffi which ro be adapted to respotd the cheges s
tha alwals kep in hmony"with the flvircment. Alignment of
rnfomtion s;ctem md the mviroment e imPortmt to malntain
md enhare the suess of infomatim systm to give contribute io
the acNevemcot of @rpoBte g@ls.
lafomatio system which de built without
obserye the
pmsibilitis that will be required uer in the fuMe. will result iD a
fundamqtal chuge in the infomation s)stem built- Thercfore, the
st'ategy of flexibility is aeded in mticipation of the chmges. This
papq propGes a model uing the flexibility of the infomtion
slAtem 6 il altmative solutim to imprcw the aligmeot of
infomation systeru ud ihe envirmment: implietioos for the
suwss of infmtiu slatem.
available.
Howevr, these faturs should not be ineluded all beause
this relates to the epacity of processing md user inttrface.
Anotha exmple is the dwelopmeat of servie system which
is web-based md mobile- Thug the informatim systm s'hich
is built mut be flqible, 6y to use atrd easy to chmge as
.trEmrdJ-lnfomation sFtm alignment, avirmot,
infmatim systm flexibility, infmation s)Ttm sucs
I.
nede4 withot having to make a huge chmge
To m€t the needs of usqs who continuouly chmge
according to the chmges in ihe busines mvironmmt, the
alignmat of infomatim systems and the avironment ue
importml The altraticns that originatd either in the intmal
or in the stmal mvirment of the buinss, create 0te need
to qacise a flexible strategy
This papa proposes a model using the flexibility of
infmation systems to ahme the alignmat of infomation
s)6tms and the enyironmat : implication for information
INTRODUCTION
In this time, the chmging of business enyirontmmt is very
frst and dynmic. In crdq to met the needs of usas, won the
@mp€tition in raching snsumtrs, provide the best swice,
md mticipate the environmmtal chmgs, companies re
mmpeting simultanmusly to improve the prfomme of
sJstm infomation md make new imowtions in the
construction of iofomtim slstms so that m succasfully,
md contribute gratly to the achievemmt of @rporate gmls.
One my en be done so that infomation s)€tms which ile
built to achieve success is build the infomation q6tms that
an easily
adapt according
to the cheging
and
firdmmtal-
slstm
success.
ALIGNMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
AND THE E}ryIRONMENT
businss
Alignmant according to litmlly mms an almgemmt of
groups or fore in relation to me mothtr. mvirommt h6
the most imptrtant role as the determinmt of alignmant.
mvirmmenl,
An iacrasing nmber of consumtrs, infomtion
tshnology chages so rapidly, the awd for cre facilities ae
more convenim! efficimt and effective, network expasion
inaesing nmtrcr of competitors, the
mekets, a
m mganization is a deliete art of achiwing
bawm is wius internal md flt€mal
Managing
alignmmt
€mpmmts. Due to incrffiing of complexity, mcertainly,
r
l?9
I
i
s
t
I
{
{
i
world Acadefr), of S€imce, Enginering ad Tchnology 72
to develop a model that m
facilitate the adaptation of infomatim systems in order to stay
in tune with the chmging mvironmflt. In order to remin
competitive and to swive, a compay must be has a respon*
to extmal forces of environment. This impliG to consids the
infomation systm (lS) alignment [4]. Conmponding
dynmic adaptatims of the Infomation System ile studied in
the Infomtim System alignmart tield [3].
Incrmsingly complex and mcertain aviroment drives the
increase in IT epability, and the use ofnewr IT capabilities
continuous development
furthq increases the fubulence. Swival md grouh of
agmiztions in such a turbulmt mvironment degrcnds on how
well informatim systems (lS) align the entire organiation
r
with environmmtal preferences [ 6] .
From a conceptual modelling or ontology point of view, '.
[6] suggest thre main ptrspsrives for modelling an
information $6tem dedicated to assessing such technology
ovirmmmts. The perspectivm have been identified through a
litsatue review of the major mvirmmmt mal) iis
approaches md conespond to the major propenies of
tehnology envirmments: the actors perspctive deals qirh
complexity; the issues ptrspective is concemed with
Mcertainty; the uses perspective cops with disrupliveness. ln
addition, the* perspectives are linked by the concept of
to
influence as illustrated in Figue
n
r
n
if
2
en signifimtly
ad sfategi$ [6].
Thtrefore it is nwry
b
I
of envirmmental cmditions , the aligmmt of
information systems and mvironmmtal becoms importmt_
Organiatiors basielly scan thek envirometrt in ord€r to
udtrstand the extml forcc of chage that may affct their
futue position so that they m develop effective responres
md diwprive
D
E
20
l"
influence &e future conditims of the
envirmmat md. consequ€nrly, the ability of the orgmiztion
to achieve its objectives [2]
Complexity is mainly due ro a lage body of *lforgmized
stakeholders- Uncatainty is due to upredictable dynamic
futues with rmy open issues. Dimptivenss means non-
md ure of tchnology, with
inflection points (or substitute tffhnology) [7]
III-
INFORMATIONSYSTEMFLEXBILITY
Infomation Systm (lS) flexibiliry
has bem regarded
s
m
importmt indietu of infomation ttrhnology success
Infomation systems must be llexible to stisry uer
requirments, parricululy in chmging environmmts [12] , ..
[24] found users can never be satisfied in mergmt
orgmiztims, because their needs tre always chmging .,.
Using the flexibility of the infomatim system has been
widely used for vrious purposes, there tre two t)pes of
lnfomation system flexibility [l I ]
:
A. Infomation
system flexibility for use is the rmge of
possibililies provided by an infomarion system util a
major chmge is required
B. Flexibility to chmge or the potmtial adaprability for further
chmges of a given infomatim systems
"fill
Analogously,
deltne Infomation system luibiliry4orrse as the rmge of prrcess requirements that is supported by
the lnfomation System without requiring a major change
the lnfomatim System".
"
fl
l]
to
Suggest
II
exibi lity-teuse with
of
operarionalize Infomalion System
fow factors
:
IE
A. System functionality refers to the different featues
n
n
B.
6
rd
9e
re
re
al
C.
n
of
n
n
Fig. I : Environmental malysis framework [6]
The actors perspectiye repr€sents the supply side of the
mvironmmt. The relevant actors ile thce, which have the
power to directly or indirectlyinflumce the orgmiarion's
prfommce[7]
of
's
J
v.
The use or usage persprctive represents the demmd side of
the organizatim's envtonmmt. Assessing the uses and the
maket basically implies invatigating the md user neds and
how th€y are tmnslated into demmds (capacity and
willingness to pay for these products). It is importait ro
undersaand how cutomers adopt and value the technologies
md the value propositions o{Iered by the differenr actors.[7].
Issues can be defined as open md debarable qu6rims,
elents or other forthcoming developments whose realiation
system provides to the user.
Scope of the udrlying database
a
refrs, for
example to the
puchased
through the catalog of an eltr(ronic prmuement slatem,
or the nmber of analyses and reports provided by a data
warehouse application. In general, the laga the database,
lhe more expensive ed difficult it is to set up and maintain
User intqface describes the different featues md methods
a Infomation s)6tem provides to a user to inttracl with
the s)atem, md includes the nmber and type of available
nmber of product categories that cm tre
access
chmels.
D. Prrcessing capaciry refers to the nmber of users an IS
can accommodate oncmently. It also refers to lhe nmber
of transctions and user requests an infomation sptem
can prmess without major pcformmce losses, masurcd
for exmple in response times"
Besides the level of informatim s)atem flexibility-touw
with respet to functionality, data base, user interface, md
prmessing capacity, infomation system managrs face a
second decision regarding m (additional) investment thal rill
allow the information system ro be changed, upgradd and
expmded after its initial implemmtation_ Choica rmge Em
systms that cmot be chmged in ily way (off-rhe-sh€lf.
tmkey systems) to armgemmls that provide a lage r-ari*-.
lWorld
Acldmy of Scienc., E giffiirgasdTehmlogr
of
c'ppdtunities for change based for example
modulariation of s)Etem componetrlsl I l]
m
the
Flaibility-rxhange is conceptually related with aI
infrostructure, defined u a gmral-prrpo* tchnological
resource that is shared tircughout the crganizrrim, that is of
lmg-tm use, atrd that provides a basis for moe spcific
applietion [5].
'1101 Stated that IT hfiasaucfire
flxibility m
intmal
and
qtanal uses" . Oths refermes
define that cometivity as the ability
of any tshnology
component to attach to any ofthe other componmts inside and
otside the orgmizatioml avircnmgrl Compatibility is the
ability to shae any type of iafmmation amoss any tmhlology
omponent. Finally modularity is defined as rhe ability to ad4
modifo, and remove aoy
softwe, hardwe or
tl2l
build on the
rsadr reslrs [l] of
who wefully
idmtified tkee factors as releEnt to dmribe the
IT infi:astruchf6:
A.
B.
C.
flaibilitv of
The flexibility of the IT pssomel,6 rhe wiety of skills
md attitudB of the IT sraff
The integmtion ofdara and finctionality, as provided by m
open network uchitetue, a multitude of intsfaces with
kansptrmt access to platfoms md applimtions md the
ompatibility of applications across platfoms
Modulrity, p(ovided by reusble softwre modules,
vmdo-independent
databm connetivity, md
a basic model cmsisting of six catcgories
[9]:
of
A. Slst€m qulity, the desirable chmcteristics of an
infcmatim qotm- Fc ample : sse of use, s)6tm
fl*ibility, sys'tem reliability, and ease oflearning as well
as qlst€rn feah[€s of
inuitivenes-s, sophisticatio,
flexibility, aad rsponse times-
B- Infmmrioo qulity, the
s)stem dtputs.
desirable characteristics of rhe
relevance,
For aample :
udasbndability, sccuracy, cmcisene*! completeness,
udersbDdability, sfieacn timeliness, and usability.
C. Swie qulity, tbe quality of the support that system us€rs
rceive from infmmatim system departaeot pa.sonnel.
D.
data
componmts of the intastuchre with ase md with no maju
ovaall effect [5].
To operationalize infomation system flexibility-to-chmge
ha
Infmmation System mccess
defined in
tem of tkee dimmsians : comectivity, cmpatibility, md
modularity'. B/' [9] mlectivity md comparibiliry focus m
shaing a cmmon set of IT resouces (hadware, softvre.
and data) with
The DMSM
?2 2012
Ftr aample : respmsiveness, accuracy, reliability,
tabniel corrpeteirce, md ernpathyof the persmtrel staff
System use, the degree md manner io u/hich staff and
custmas utilire the capabilities of an infonnation sysem.
Fm exmple mmt of use, frequency of use, atmt of
F.
mdpupw
ofuse.
satisfactim, fm aample tfre mo6t widely used multi
attrihrte instument for mming infomaticn stisfaction
Net benefits, the extmt to which informatiotr q6tm are
use,
E.
Us
ontributing to the sm
of individuals, groups,
orgmiztims, industris, md natims- For emmple
improved deisim making improved productivity,
incmed sals, @si reduclim, improved profits, milket
efficiency, mn$mer welfare, creation of jobs,
cmomicdmlqrmat.
Thse €tegtris of infmatioo sptem suees
in figue
as
and
illutrated
2.
objetorianted dwelopment tmls.
For individual Infomatioa Systm applications, '{l2l
*ith the thre categoric of
Weratimalizp llsibility-to-change
Persomel
B. Integration of data md fimctionality
C. Modulility of system components"
Each category impacts the ability of m organiation to
chmge the level of Information Sptem flexibility-tGuse
mmifested u the ability to provide nw Infomation System
functionalities, to recombine and reorganize amss to larious
&ta sowm, to allow for modifimtions of the us interfae,
and to change the available processing epacity. Hme,
Information S)stem flexibility to- change m be viewed as a
real optim, expressing m optimal invstmmt in additim to
the invstmmt into flexibility-te.use, that trai6 the
possibility, but not the obligation of future chmges of the
hfomation Systm []
ry.
TNFORMATTON SYSTEM SUCCESQ
One of the most cited models fu measuing informatim
systems success is the Del-me and Mclru lnfomation
Systms Success Model, frm now on referred to s DMSM.
Fig. 2 Iryated Detme and
Success
Dirctioml aroffi
quality md
Mclsn krfmation Systan
Model [21]
indicate that system
*rvie qulity will affect the
qulity, information
ue md
intension to
llg stisfactim. Then the net beoefit obtained is influeoced
by the intensi@ to w ad user stisfactim.
In mmt cm it is not obvious how they will be measwed in
pmctice. To firlfill this, each qitaioo must in the
qmlities [9] :
th*
ad fulfill
Tshnology 72 2012
world Academy ofscience' Eugi'eritrg ad
having to make a sigruficmt md fimdammtalchmge'
3'
Propsed modilcan be seen infigue
slthilt
be able
the purposwi-rh all the above is to
Thus tre
*d to*putt information systems -Ihe
ai*.*.
m1d9
]i Ji"il"*t"r"* wiil ned to be measurable'
md it
is another discussion' but in the
A.
"- Measurability.
ililJ;;;;;t
e.
"
tl
to a mtenon'
mu$ be Possible to assign a Yalue
criteria mu$ be
;;ii.i,i";"i,icn, h Jrder to do so' the
dom into points of obseruation' *trse
ilffi;;;;;k";
the
t*"a cteuly u'hat entiry or Phenommon
ii
"points actually concem'
obsewation
is my belief
c" oumtificarion, utlile not shctly nemsary' itmasuements
daign goal to formulate the
ir, r,lt
" "".a
ofousrvation in a quantitative mannq . ,
ir-irc oorit
$rourq
possiUie to validate, With the above tfuee polnts' lt
o
"
to evalute how well a sPecific contribute
rl*lUf"
"i*'t*
criteria
;1t;Ju.iul';;liry or an inrormation svstem'
* thl* io have no impact should be removed'
Jr,i"t,
"*
,
DISCUSSION
suPply'. Product'
the aDD€trmce of demand vtriety'
and others from the businas environmmt'
added the chmctrisncs
Paper' the authss
envircnmmt beside complexitv' ucenantv'
;;;;'fitlr..t
expressed by[6]' thre is also
with
.;:";";:;';,
#;ruil;;it
md disrupriveness. as
il'^urii,""'vrtirliiity of the business mvironment
of infmation systems indiators'
--nrIn.J,tt.
-';"il;;;;;. ,u...ss
i" simplifv the trmsactim Process' s
*lJ*;;."';.;#,i::.h:X'l"l',ff
different trmsactions. on-hness
will
rhat
"ff HI"ilil
Information Systems
Fis. L A Model Using The Flexibiliry of
And The
e'*il"..H" nrgiment of Information Slstems
Success
Ir"plications for [nformation Svstem
;;t;;;;;t,
gromng the demand for
"f
;;;';;. and cosr' Thm ' -can.
ao' in mobile so that the
.fi;m which
;ilil;;
Based m the reference
Both of thm must be
here
m)ryv
done
be
cm
ilrr"'.ti.,
as follows
qpe
of
services
i. a single s)stem' because the
Jil*J"iJ
incerlain cases as appropriate'
is used
.'iffi;;-r-Ple
ue
'"
is the'ditt"re"t rypes of deals which
transactions by competitors' fto-t -*^:
tr"".;-l
banking system or
"ff"J'p"v**,'
irip.,r,irt'rrtu, ofr.r palments via intmet of them should-be
card payment s)stem Both#.i
ordtr to serve vanous
services
[7] md
II
2] cm
be described again
:
@
@
@
" "*ai, in a single system' in
l.o.moaut"a
ostomers with differmt conditionsinflexible ro
-if ,n" information system which is built
by lhe
pr*ia.'iiii.""i n'ntriont that is required or offered
gorng to
with different vuiations' the impact is
;-;;;;;",
of sewice' while thce-engineering of the
;J:il;;;i-,
Jot. tyu". wiil take time md cost a bit'
-;.;[
in Figue 3 shows that chmges m
chractaistics such m complexily' uncertainty'
vriabilitv will affect the success of
;"*.
-Ir""**"f
;;;;il;;'-;
infomation slstems indicators'
in the value on the success of
ffi";;;;ii;;
.-i"* il0t."*t because the influence of environmenal
betwemJ*"i. tl it it is indieted a shift in rhe alignmant
and the environment The existence of
ffitiil;;';;i";s"t
led to untulfilled the needs of user as
;;i;;;i'"-
chuactqisics with
Fip 4. The relation betwtrn neighborhood
,li-msions of infomation system tlexlblllty
to keep the alignmmt m this mfomarion
there ts
und thc mvironmmt is still stable desprte
it needs to build
.ffects of the chmges n environmenl'
that re flexible' adaptableas needed
so lhat at the time of information
of .n'irmmmi,
tE
-;;s
"h*g",
builr, it needs to be considered the
.y.""i'"",ir"r,
qpected.
-Th.r.for..
syri"*,
in'fo*ution
infomation
systems flexibly in
Figue 4 shows that in cder to information
systems-
l r82
World Acad@y of
Sd@, Elgiffiing
funcrionality of system, the scope of the database,, -user
int€rface, proc€ssing capacity, cmnectivity, conpatibility'
mdmodulrity-
Frm lhe pevious discussion, it @ be concluded that the
changm in the mvironmmt that cause a shift in the aligoment
betdm infomation systems and the avirmments which are
by impairment of the scccss indiatGs ia
infmmation s)Etems,
anticipated
with
the
flqible infmnatiut sptems'
coastruction of
VII.
Thmgh Infmmation Technologf' B,6tm, MA:
il41 Us
[15]
Mathias
of information sy$em flilibility md mvirmmatal
information s)Eterns, the scess of eovirmmmlal
chmctqistim *trich is chaga in infmatim s)Etms, the
alignmat in shifting'
" Ral
Options: Managin-g
Strategic Options in m Uncertain World"' 1999,
Cambridge, MA: Hmard Buines Schml Pras'
Ansoff, H. (1930). "strategic Iss€ Managmmt"'
Stategic Meagmat Jomal (2): 13l-148'
Avila-O. , Goepp V-, Kiefer F'' 'Understanding md
Classifying krformatim Systm Alignmmt'{pprorches'
[2]
t3l
,2W9,2-13
Kiefer F' , "A framework to
mallse tS alignmmt approaches: Towuds the definitim
of mdatying alignmant mechmismf" 2008' 80-89
Byrd, f.'ma O. Tmer, "Masuring lhe Flexibility of
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[a] Avila O. , Gcpp V',
t5l-
System' 17, l(2000)' 167-208'
Campmovo G., Pigneu Y. , "Information System
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[6]
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'[7]- CaiponovoG.,OstqmlderA.,
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[8] Cmpmovo G. , "A Pro'posl For A
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Environmmt Ontology'" 2008' l-12
Delone W. H.. Mctean E. R, "Infomtim Systerns
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il01 Dunm N.B. , "Captuing Flexibility of ^Informatim
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Il
Schobs F., "lnformation Flexibility and The
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ll Geba;;J.,
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ad
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P. Shaping the
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