REPETITION AND HESITATION IN DELIVERING IMPROMPTU SPEECH.
REPETITION AND HESITATION IN DELIVERING
IMPROMPTU SPEECH
A THESIS
Submitted to partial fullfillment of the requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By :
MARIA ASTRI HUTABARAT
Registration Number 2111620006
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
DECLARATION
I have accepted my self with university’s policy on academic integrity. Except
where appropriately acknowledge, this thesis is my own work, has been expressed
in my own words and has not previously been submitted for assessment.
I understand that his paper may be screened electronically or otherwise for
plagiarism.
Medan,
July 2015
Maria Astri Hutabarat
NIM. 2111620006
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Great thank to Jesus Christ, The Almighty, for the immeasurable spirit
given to the writer, so that she is able to accomplish this thesis entitled
“Repetition
and
Hesitation
in
Delivering
Impromptu
Speech”
as
the
requirement for achieving bachelor degree at English Department, State
University of Medan.
In completing this thesis, the writer has received a lot of assistance and
academic support fro some people. Therefore, the writer would like to express
her sincere gratitude, love and special thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., as the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Language and
Arts for the leadership and administrative assistance during the process of
writing this thesis.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., as the Head of English Department, and
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English Department all at once as
the her Thesis Examiner , Syamsul Bahri, S.S, M.Hum., the Head of
English Literarute Program all at once as her Thesis Advisor, Nora Ronita
Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M,Hum., the Head of English Education Program,
Faculty of Language and Arts, State Uniersity of Medan.
Dr. I Wy Dirgayasa T, M.Hum., and Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A.,Ph.D ,
as her Thesis Examiners.
ii
Maam Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd., for helping the writer in preparing the
files for the purposes of this thesis.
Beloved
parents,
Mr.
Sakkan Hutabarat and Mrs. Renta Uli
Simanjuntak,S.Pd, Beloved Sisters, Gracety Mely Hutabarat, Heroita
Hutabarat, Daud M Hutabarat,M.Pd,. who patiently give support and
motivation to finish
thesis and also including their prayers, and endless
love for the writer.
All her beloved classmate of English Literature A 2011 especially Tesha
Lidia Aritonang, Lanayot Hutabalian, David Hutabarat, Yohana RJ
Sihombing, Christina Manurung, Martha Simanjuntak, July Yohana
Zebua, and others that cannot be mentioned all. Thanks for their support,
information, encouragement, and beautiful day spent together.
Without their deep and sympathetic understanding, this thesis could not
complate. Over all, the writer hopes this thesis can give abit contribution to
the Applied
Linguistics.
Therefore,
comments,
critics,
suggestions,
Medan,
July 2015
advices are accepted from the readers.
The writer,
Maria Astri Hutabarat
iii
and
ABSTRACT
Hutabarat, Maria Astri. 2111620006. A study of Repetition and Hesitation in
Delivering Impromptu Speech. A Thesis. Faculty and Arts, State University
of Medan, 2015.
This study deals with the types of repetition and hesitation in delivering
impromptu speech. The objectives of the study were to describe the kinds of
repetition and hesitation which were used in impromptu speech and why the
repetition and hesitation used in delivering impromptu speech. This research
applied descriptive quantitative method. The source of data was impromptu
speech of English Education class b 2012. Documentarcy recording as the
instrument to collect the data and there were five students to delivered impromptu
speech. The data were taken from the utterance of five speech in impromptu
speech into clauses. There were topics prepared for five topics, each speaker
varied one another to deliver impromptu speech. The speakers were given 3-5
minutes (maximum) to deliver impromptu speech. Based on the analysis, there
were 61 utterances of repetition, the result of the analysis showed that two kinds
of repetition; 59.01% of false start and 40.59 % of parentherical remark. And 205
utterances of hesitation, the result of the analysis showed that three kinds of
hesitation; 28.78% of filled pause, 43.90% of silent pause and 27.31% of
lengthening. The reason why the repetition and hesitation used in impromptu
speech because the speakers forgot the words when they were talking or
speaker’re looking for the right words. Not everyone could speak fluently for all
topics of impromptu speech. In general, people were talking, thinking that the
hesitation was more difficult than repetition.
Keywords: Repetition, Hesitation, Impromptu Speech
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..............................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
iv
LIST APPENDICES .......................................................................................
vi
CHAPTER I. INRTODUCTION .................................................................
1
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Background of the Study .....................................................................
Problem of the Study ...........................................................................
Objectives of Study .............................................................................
Scope of the Study...............................................................................
Significance of the Study.....................................................................
1
3
3
4
5
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATUTE ..............................................
6
A. Theoretical Framework ...............................................................................
1. Speech .....................................................................................................
a. The Speech Communication Process .............................................
b. Types of informative speeches:Analysis and Organization ............
2. Impromptu Speech ..................................................................................
3. Repetition.................................................................................................
a. False Start .......................................................................................
b. Parentherical Remark ......................................................................
4. Hesitation .................................................................................................
a. Silent pause .....................................................................................
b. Filled Pause.....................................................................................
c. Lengthening.....................................................................................
B. Previous Relevant Study ............................................................................
6
6
10
13
15
17
18
19
19
20
21
22
23
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD ....................................................
26
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
26
27
27
27
27
The
The
The
The
The
The Research Method .................................................................................
Data and Source of Data .............................................................................
Technique of Collecting Data.....................................................................
Research Instruments...................................................................................
Technique of Analysing Data .....................................................................
iv
CHAPTER IV. THE DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS................................
28
A. Data.......................................................................................................
B. Data Analysis.........................................................................................
1. The kinds of repetition and hesitation in
delivering impromptu speech .........................................................
a. Repetition ..................................................................................
1. Parentherical Remark ..........................................................
2. False Start ...........................................................................
b. Hesitation...................................................................................
1. Lengthening.........................................................................
2. Filled Pause.........................................................................
3. Silent Pause.........................................................................
2. The Total Percentage of the Kinds Hesitation and Repetition
in Delivering Impromptu Speech ..................................................
3. The Reason Why Repetition and Hesitation are Used
in Delivering Impromptu Speech...................................................
C. Research Findings .................................................................................
D. Discussion..............................................................................................
28
29
36
36
37
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ................................
39
A. Conclusion.............................................................................................
B. Suggestion .............................................................................................
39
40
REFERENCES................................................................................................
41
v
29
30
30
31
31
33
34
34
35
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
APPENDICES A......................................................................
44
APPENDICES B ......................................................................
64
vi
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of The Study
Speaking as one of the basic language skills has important role in
communication. People put ideas into words and talk about perceptions the
speaker want other people to grasp. Speaking is interaction process between a
speaker and a listener. In speaking, there is a process communication, which
conveys a message from a speaker to a listener and he or she has interpreted the
message, which contains information.
Human speaking is not always running fluently, sometimes in their speech,
they also have hesitations and repetition that are usually marked by silent pause,
filled pause, lengthening, false start, repeat/restart and parenthetical remark. Most
of people do hesitation in their daily speaking, especially in spontaneous speech.
Speech by one or more interlocutors may be described as continuous, but a
moment's reflection will reveal that it is not really continuous at all. Minimally,
speakers must break off their speech to breathe Rose (2010 :103) .
In language production, the hesitations may be happened in encoding process,
how the language is produced and delivered to the listeners. Harley (2001:19)
states that the processes of phonological encoding involve turning words into
sounds. The sounds must be produced in the correct sequence
and in specific way that is how the muscles of the articulatory system should be
moved.
1
2
Most of hesitation occurrence usually happens in spontaneous speaking
that must have a lot of information delivered by the speakers to the hearers. The
speakers have to think of what information the speaker want to deliver to the
listeners spontaneously. In this case, the speakers often make pauses in their
speaking in order to recall the information that the speaker have to say. Carrol
(2005:115) state that the words of unprepared spoken language are likely to be
accompanied by a range of unintentional errors.
And most of the repetition means reiterating the same word or set of words
at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences, for examples:
Ummm.. I’m Mustika. I will not tell...ehh I will tell you the important
something to you about mobile phone.
As we can see, repetition usually result in parallelism, in addition to
building a strong cadence, it also unifies a sequence of ideas, emphasizes and idea
by stating in more than once, and helps create a strong emotical effect.
Related to this research, Martin (2010) has done some research which is
intitled by “Hesitation disfluencies in spontaneous speech: The meaning of um”.
In her research, found that in hesitation phenomenon some people assume that the
english native speakers are fluent in speaking their own language; whereas, nonnative speakers are not. It is acceptable because it depends on the mother language
that can make the speakers speak fluently because of the daily use of the language.
Thomas (2011) studied, analysis “repeating words in spontaneous speech”
found that the types of repetition in spontaneous speech and her research, he
3
found that there was repetition in spontaneous speech. Nastri (2008) has done the
some research which is entitled “Using uh and um in spontaneous speech
speaking” in her research, he found the types of hesitation in spontaneous
speeech.
The reason why the writer choose hesitation and repetition to be analyzed
because the previous research analyzed hesitation and repetition in impromptu
speech. It is knows that communication is succesful not when hearers recognize
the linguistics meaning of utterances, but when they infer the speaker’s “meaning”
from it. The usage of hesitation and repetition also occurs in impromptu speech in
a talk because a talk is acctually a real conversation in naturally society.
The impromptu speech that will be seen is about impromptu speech in speech
class. It was ever found when studying speaking subject at the 4th semester, our
lecturer gave topic, we got different topic each other. When the impromptu speech
was found in the examination of speech, still many of us were not able to deliver a
speech clearly and our ideas were not unified.
From the decription above, the researcher is interested in conducting
futher analysis Rose’s under the title “Hesitation and repetition in delivering
impromptu speech”. The students as the subject of this study are the students of
English Department of University of Medan class
B 2012 with the researcher
with the total subjects are five which is in impromptu speech.
4
B. The Problems of the Study
In conducting a research, the problem of the study must be clearly stated so
that the objective of the study. In line with the background, the problems of the
study are formulated in the form of a questions as follows :
(1) What kinds of repetition and hesitation are found in delivering
impromptu speech?
(2) Why are the repitation and hesitation used in delivering impromptu
speech?
C. The Objectives of the Study
The objectives of this study deal with the problems that have been
formulated, they are:
(1) to know the kinds of repetition and hesitation found in delivering
impromptu speech, and
(2) to know the reasons why repetition and hesitation are used in
delivering impromptu speech.
D. The Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is impromptu speech as a spontaneous speech, which
has no chance of speaker’s preparation it means that speaker must be ready and
able to deliver clear ideas. The source of data is the students of Speaking class of
5
English and Literature Department majoring in English Education 2012 class B at
State University of Medan.
E. The significance of the study
Findings of this study are expected to be useful theoretically and practically.
Theoretically, the findings of this study can increase the knowledge in linguistics,
specifically about the meaning of impromptu speech.
Practically, students of English Department who have interests in public
speaking and impromptu speech, and other researchers who intend to do futher
research with similar topic.
40
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusions
After analyzing the data and detarmining the kinds of repetition and
hesitation in the transcripts of impromptu speech, some conclusion were
presented as the followings:
1) In the data analysis, the writer found that filled pause is a kind of
hesitation occurance that mostly used in delivering impromptu speech and
false start is a kind of repetition occurance that mostly used in delivering
impromptu speech. There were 61 utterances of repetition, the result of the
analysis showed that two kinds of repetition; 59.01% of false start and
40.59 % of parentherical remark. And 205 utterances of hesitation, the
result of the analysis showed that three kinds of hesitation; 28.78% of
filled pause, 43.90% of silent pause and 27.31% of lengthening.
2) The hesitation and repetition are used because it depends on the mother
language that can make the speakers speak fluently because of the daily
use of the language. Rarely, when we listen to some speeches that are
delivered by native speakers, we still find that they do not always deliver
the information fluently. In the middle of their speaking, they still get
hesitations and repetitions and try to think what points they are going to
say.
40
41
B. SUGGESTION
1) People are suggested learn how to use or utter the impromptu speech in are
used.
2) It is advise able that the students of English Department of UNIMED who
have studied speaking and ever practiced impromptu speech should
practice more in classroom and their daily activity. And the students of
English Department are also public speaker will be faced or interected to
public speaking are hoped to be able to speak english fluently.
3) It is recommended for the readers especially the students of English
Department to choose the analysis of hesitation occurrence as the object of
research, because there are many interesting aspects which can be
analyzed.
42
REFERENCES
Baird, John E. 1981. Speaking for Result: Communication by Objectives. The
University of Michigan. New York: Harper and Row Publisher.
Best, JW. 1981. Research in Education, Fourth Edition. New Dehli. Englewood
Cliffs. New Jersey: prentice-Hall
Carrol, David W. 2005. Psychology of Language. Fifth Edition. New York:
Thomson Wadsworth, a part of The Thomson Corporation.
Devito, Joseph A. 1984. Elements of Public Speaking. Second Edition. New York:
Harper and Row.
Grogory, Halminton. 1990. Public Speaking for Collage and Career. Second
edition. United States of America: Mc.Graw-Hill Publisihing Company.
Nastri P. 2008. Using Uh and Um in delivering spontaneous speaking. English
Language and Literature E-Journal, ISSN 2302-3546. Vol. 01, No. 21
(21-23)
Thomas. 2011. Repeating Words in delivering Spontaneous speech. Journal of
computer-Mediated Communication,11,1025-1045. Vol, 15, No.11(12-30)
Harley, Trevor. 2001. The Psychology of Language. Second Edition. New
York:Psychology Press Ltd.
Gamble, Teri Kwal. 1984. Communication Works. First edition. New York:
Random House,Inc.
Martin
2010. Hesitation Disfluencies in Spontaneous Speech: The meaning of
Um. Electronic of journal Indonesia University of Education. Vol. 03,
No. 06 (42-47).
Rose, Ralph L. 2010. Hesitation and
Repetition Phenomena and Second
Language Development. Tokyo: Waseda University Faculty of Science
and Engineering.
Roderick P. Hart. 1983. Public Communication. Second Edition. New York:
Random House, Inc.
Steven, Lucas. 2008. The Art of Public Speaking.- 10th Edition. New York.
Steven, Lucas. 2011. The Art of Public Speaking.- 11th Edition. New York.
Syaifuddin. 2008. Hesitations Found in Students’ Speeches. Malang: the
State Islamic University of Malang.
42
43
Shofa, Aliyatus. 2008. Hesitation Pauses in Conversational Interaction of the
English Letters and Language Department’s Students at the State Islamic
University of Malang. Unpublished Thesis. English Department. The state
Islamic University of Malang, 2008.
Yule, George. 1996. Pragmatics. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
43
IMPROMPTU SPEECH
A THESIS
Submitted to partial fullfillment of the requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By :
MARIA ASTRI HUTABARAT
Registration Number 2111620006
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2015
DECLARATION
I have accepted my self with university’s policy on academic integrity. Except
where appropriately acknowledge, this thesis is my own work, has been expressed
in my own words and has not previously been submitted for assessment.
I understand that his paper may be screened electronically or otherwise for
plagiarism.
Medan,
July 2015
Maria Astri Hutabarat
NIM. 2111620006
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Great thank to Jesus Christ, The Almighty, for the immeasurable spirit
given to the writer, so that she is able to accomplish this thesis entitled
“Repetition
and
Hesitation
in
Delivering
Impromptu
Speech”
as
the
requirement for achieving bachelor degree at English Department, State
University of Medan.
In completing this thesis, the writer has received a lot of assistance and
academic support fro some people. Therefore, the writer would like to express
her sincere gratitude, love and special thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., as the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Language and
Arts for the leadership and administrative assistance during the process of
writing this thesis.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., as the Head of English Department, and
Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English Department all at once as
the her Thesis Examiner , Syamsul Bahri, S.S, M.Hum., the Head of
English Literarute Program all at once as her Thesis Advisor, Nora Ronita
Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M,Hum., the Head of English Education Program,
Faculty of Language and Arts, State Uniersity of Medan.
Dr. I Wy Dirgayasa T, M.Hum., and Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A.,Ph.D ,
as her Thesis Examiners.
ii
Maam Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd., for helping the writer in preparing the
files for the purposes of this thesis.
Beloved
parents,
Mr.
Sakkan Hutabarat and Mrs. Renta Uli
Simanjuntak,S.Pd, Beloved Sisters, Gracety Mely Hutabarat, Heroita
Hutabarat, Daud M Hutabarat,M.Pd,. who patiently give support and
motivation to finish
thesis and also including their prayers, and endless
love for the writer.
All her beloved classmate of English Literature A 2011 especially Tesha
Lidia Aritonang, Lanayot Hutabalian, David Hutabarat, Yohana RJ
Sihombing, Christina Manurung, Martha Simanjuntak, July Yohana
Zebua, and others that cannot be mentioned all. Thanks for their support,
information, encouragement, and beautiful day spent together.
Without their deep and sympathetic understanding, this thesis could not
complate. Over all, the writer hopes this thesis can give abit contribution to
the Applied
Linguistics.
Therefore,
comments,
critics,
suggestions,
Medan,
July 2015
advices are accepted from the readers.
The writer,
Maria Astri Hutabarat
iii
and
ABSTRACT
Hutabarat, Maria Astri. 2111620006. A study of Repetition and Hesitation in
Delivering Impromptu Speech. A Thesis. Faculty and Arts, State University
of Medan, 2015.
This study deals with the types of repetition and hesitation in delivering
impromptu speech. The objectives of the study were to describe the kinds of
repetition and hesitation which were used in impromptu speech and why the
repetition and hesitation used in delivering impromptu speech. This research
applied descriptive quantitative method. The source of data was impromptu
speech of English Education class b 2012. Documentarcy recording as the
instrument to collect the data and there were five students to delivered impromptu
speech. The data were taken from the utterance of five speech in impromptu
speech into clauses. There were topics prepared for five topics, each speaker
varied one another to deliver impromptu speech. The speakers were given 3-5
minutes (maximum) to deliver impromptu speech. Based on the analysis, there
were 61 utterances of repetition, the result of the analysis showed that two kinds
of repetition; 59.01% of false start and 40.59 % of parentherical remark. And 205
utterances of hesitation, the result of the analysis showed that three kinds of
hesitation; 28.78% of filled pause, 43.90% of silent pause and 27.31% of
lengthening. The reason why the repetition and hesitation used in impromptu
speech because the speakers forgot the words when they were talking or
speaker’re looking for the right words. Not everyone could speak fluently for all
topics of impromptu speech. In general, people were talking, thinking that the
hesitation was more difficult than repetition.
Keywords: Repetition, Hesitation, Impromptu Speech
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..............................................................................
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
iv
LIST APPENDICES .......................................................................................
vi
CHAPTER I. INRTODUCTION .................................................................
1
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Background of the Study .....................................................................
Problem of the Study ...........................................................................
Objectives of Study .............................................................................
Scope of the Study...............................................................................
Significance of the Study.....................................................................
1
3
3
4
5
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATUTE ..............................................
6
A. Theoretical Framework ...............................................................................
1. Speech .....................................................................................................
a. The Speech Communication Process .............................................
b. Types of informative speeches:Analysis and Organization ............
2. Impromptu Speech ..................................................................................
3. Repetition.................................................................................................
a. False Start .......................................................................................
b. Parentherical Remark ......................................................................
4. Hesitation .................................................................................................
a. Silent pause .....................................................................................
b. Filled Pause.....................................................................................
c. Lengthening.....................................................................................
B. Previous Relevant Study ............................................................................
6
6
10
13
15
17
18
19
19
20
21
22
23
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD ....................................................
26
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
26
27
27
27
27
The
The
The
The
The
The Research Method .................................................................................
Data and Source of Data .............................................................................
Technique of Collecting Data.....................................................................
Research Instruments...................................................................................
Technique of Analysing Data .....................................................................
iv
CHAPTER IV. THE DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS................................
28
A. Data.......................................................................................................
B. Data Analysis.........................................................................................
1. The kinds of repetition and hesitation in
delivering impromptu speech .........................................................
a. Repetition ..................................................................................
1. Parentherical Remark ..........................................................
2. False Start ...........................................................................
b. Hesitation...................................................................................
1. Lengthening.........................................................................
2. Filled Pause.........................................................................
3. Silent Pause.........................................................................
2. The Total Percentage of the Kinds Hesitation and Repetition
in Delivering Impromptu Speech ..................................................
3. The Reason Why Repetition and Hesitation are Used
in Delivering Impromptu Speech...................................................
C. Research Findings .................................................................................
D. Discussion..............................................................................................
28
29
36
36
37
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ................................
39
A. Conclusion.............................................................................................
B. Suggestion .............................................................................................
39
40
REFERENCES................................................................................................
41
v
29
30
30
31
31
33
34
34
35
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
APPENDICES A......................................................................
44
APPENDICES B ......................................................................
64
vi
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of The Study
Speaking as one of the basic language skills has important role in
communication. People put ideas into words and talk about perceptions the
speaker want other people to grasp. Speaking is interaction process between a
speaker and a listener. In speaking, there is a process communication, which
conveys a message from a speaker to a listener and he or she has interpreted the
message, which contains information.
Human speaking is not always running fluently, sometimes in their speech,
they also have hesitations and repetition that are usually marked by silent pause,
filled pause, lengthening, false start, repeat/restart and parenthetical remark. Most
of people do hesitation in their daily speaking, especially in spontaneous speech.
Speech by one or more interlocutors may be described as continuous, but a
moment's reflection will reveal that it is not really continuous at all. Minimally,
speakers must break off their speech to breathe Rose (2010 :103) .
In language production, the hesitations may be happened in encoding process,
how the language is produced and delivered to the listeners. Harley (2001:19)
states that the processes of phonological encoding involve turning words into
sounds. The sounds must be produced in the correct sequence
and in specific way that is how the muscles of the articulatory system should be
moved.
1
2
Most of hesitation occurrence usually happens in spontaneous speaking
that must have a lot of information delivered by the speakers to the hearers. The
speakers have to think of what information the speaker want to deliver to the
listeners spontaneously. In this case, the speakers often make pauses in their
speaking in order to recall the information that the speaker have to say. Carrol
(2005:115) state that the words of unprepared spoken language are likely to be
accompanied by a range of unintentional errors.
And most of the repetition means reiterating the same word or set of words
at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences, for examples:
Ummm.. I’m Mustika. I will not tell...ehh I will tell you the important
something to you about mobile phone.
As we can see, repetition usually result in parallelism, in addition to
building a strong cadence, it also unifies a sequence of ideas, emphasizes and idea
by stating in more than once, and helps create a strong emotical effect.
Related to this research, Martin (2010) has done some research which is
intitled by “Hesitation disfluencies in spontaneous speech: The meaning of um”.
In her research, found that in hesitation phenomenon some people assume that the
english native speakers are fluent in speaking their own language; whereas, nonnative speakers are not. It is acceptable because it depends on the mother language
that can make the speakers speak fluently because of the daily use of the language.
Thomas (2011) studied, analysis “repeating words in spontaneous speech”
found that the types of repetition in spontaneous speech and her research, he
3
found that there was repetition in spontaneous speech. Nastri (2008) has done the
some research which is entitled “Using uh and um in spontaneous speech
speaking” in her research, he found the types of hesitation in spontaneous
speeech.
The reason why the writer choose hesitation and repetition to be analyzed
because the previous research analyzed hesitation and repetition in impromptu
speech. It is knows that communication is succesful not when hearers recognize
the linguistics meaning of utterances, but when they infer the speaker’s “meaning”
from it. The usage of hesitation and repetition also occurs in impromptu speech in
a talk because a talk is acctually a real conversation in naturally society.
The impromptu speech that will be seen is about impromptu speech in speech
class. It was ever found when studying speaking subject at the 4th semester, our
lecturer gave topic, we got different topic each other. When the impromptu speech
was found in the examination of speech, still many of us were not able to deliver a
speech clearly and our ideas were not unified.
From the decription above, the researcher is interested in conducting
futher analysis Rose’s under the title “Hesitation and repetition in delivering
impromptu speech”. The students as the subject of this study are the students of
English Department of University of Medan class
B 2012 with the researcher
with the total subjects are five which is in impromptu speech.
4
B. The Problems of the Study
In conducting a research, the problem of the study must be clearly stated so
that the objective of the study. In line with the background, the problems of the
study are formulated in the form of a questions as follows :
(1) What kinds of repetition and hesitation are found in delivering
impromptu speech?
(2) Why are the repitation and hesitation used in delivering impromptu
speech?
C. The Objectives of the Study
The objectives of this study deal with the problems that have been
formulated, they are:
(1) to know the kinds of repetition and hesitation found in delivering
impromptu speech, and
(2) to know the reasons why repetition and hesitation are used in
delivering impromptu speech.
D. The Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is impromptu speech as a spontaneous speech, which
has no chance of speaker’s preparation it means that speaker must be ready and
able to deliver clear ideas. The source of data is the students of Speaking class of
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English and Literature Department majoring in English Education 2012 class B at
State University of Medan.
E. The significance of the study
Findings of this study are expected to be useful theoretically and practically.
Theoretically, the findings of this study can increase the knowledge in linguistics,
specifically about the meaning of impromptu speech.
Practically, students of English Department who have interests in public
speaking and impromptu speech, and other researchers who intend to do futher
research with similar topic.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusions
After analyzing the data and detarmining the kinds of repetition and
hesitation in the transcripts of impromptu speech, some conclusion were
presented as the followings:
1) In the data analysis, the writer found that filled pause is a kind of
hesitation occurance that mostly used in delivering impromptu speech and
false start is a kind of repetition occurance that mostly used in delivering
impromptu speech. There were 61 utterances of repetition, the result of the
analysis showed that two kinds of repetition; 59.01% of false start and
40.59 % of parentherical remark. And 205 utterances of hesitation, the
result of the analysis showed that three kinds of hesitation; 28.78% of
filled pause, 43.90% of silent pause and 27.31% of lengthening.
2) The hesitation and repetition are used because it depends on the mother
language that can make the speakers speak fluently because of the daily
use of the language. Rarely, when we listen to some speeches that are
delivered by native speakers, we still find that they do not always deliver
the information fluently. In the middle of their speaking, they still get
hesitations and repetitions and try to think what points they are going to
say.
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B. SUGGESTION
1) People are suggested learn how to use or utter the impromptu speech in are
used.
2) It is advise able that the students of English Department of UNIMED who
have studied speaking and ever practiced impromptu speech should
practice more in classroom and their daily activity. And the students of
English Department are also public speaker will be faced or interected to
public speaking are hoped to be able to speak english fluently.
3) It is recommended for the readers especially the students of English
Department to choose the analysis of hesitation occurrence as the object of
research, because there are many interesting aspects which can be
analyzed.
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