Fuzzy Clustering in Grouping Traditional Market Distribution and Genetic Algorithm Application in Routing of Packed Cooking Oil Distribution
ｾ Ｎ＠
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Proceedings of the YArvfJK-lt AR.t:E.tt.-tAJ
International Conference on Agricultural
Postharvcst Handling, and Processing
(ICAPHP)
.lal.an:1. ｬｲｵｯＱｾｩＺ＠
'o\1'111hrr 19-21. 20 I J
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Mi1m.try of Agriculture
Indonesian Agency of Agriculture Research and De,clopmcnt
Jnrlonrian Crntrr for Agrirnltural Postharvrst ltrsrarch and Oevclopmr111
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The International Conference on Agricultural Postharvcst Handling, and Processing
(ICAP HP)
Convener
H.K. Purwadaria
Bogor Agricultural Uni1•ersity. Swiss German University. Indonesia
Scientific Committee
ISB"\; 978-979-11 16-JS..1
A, Hashimoto, Mie University, Sakai, Japan
H.K. Purwadaria, Bogor Agricultural University, Swiss Germcm University, Indonesia
Haryono, Indonesia11 Agency ofAgricultural Research and Development. lndo11esia
H. Murasc, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
M. Gummert, IRRJ, Manila, Philippines
T. Kimura, Hokkaido University. Sapporo. Japa11
P. Supakul, Kasetsart University, Bangkok. Thailand
P. Wu, National /Ian University, Taiwan
N. Richana, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and De1•elopment
(ICAPRD), Minist1y ofAgriculture, Indonesia.
S. Widowati, ICAPRD. Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia
Abubakar, ICAPRD, Ministry ofAgriculture. Indonesia
S. J. Munarso, /CAPRD. Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia
Sctyadjit, ICAPRD. Ministry ofAgriculture, Indonesia
S. Yuliani. ICAPRD. Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia
£dirors:
Djajcng Sumanga1
l11do11e"'"'
Ridwan
RachmarCi.•111:11istinguished Ladies And Gentlemen
We Are Also In Debt With The faard In Inviting Cigr And We Are Accepting Indonesia
,s The Cigr Member Represented By faard Interchange With The Association Of Agroindustrial
echnology Profession. More Over On Behalf The Cigr, I Would Like To Thank Also To All
he Contributors To This Conference, Who Will Outline Their Invaluable Ideas, Please, Accept
>ur High Appreciation.
Finally, I Would Like To Congratulate To laard For Successful Organizing The
1temational Conference And I Wish You All The Most Successful And Useful Deliberation For
he Development Of Green Economy In The World.
1karta, 19 November 2013
•
•
•
•
•
Deputy, Vice Ministers.
The representative off AO, IRRI, ACIAR
Secretary General ofCIGR (Commission of Agricultural and B1osystem Engineering)
Distinguished Participants
Ladies and Gentlemen
Auafammu 'of11flm111 wa Rnmat11ff11fli "'a Burakllf11f1,
First of all, let us say Grace to the Almighty God. Allah Subhanahu Wa' Ta·a1a, as
His Will that we are gathered today in healthy condition. to take part on the International
Conference on Agricultural Postharvest Handling and Processing in Jakarta. I would like to
recall that coincides with the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit Meeting.
last month in Bali, there are two important agenda that Indonesian Government focused on.
which has a close relevance to this conforence, i.e. development of micro. small and
medium enterprises (SM Es) and agriculture.
Indonesian Government is working hard to develop and promote SMEs and
agricultural products in order to enter the world market, in particular APEC Countries.
without barrier problems. The development of the two sectors require a careful strategy and
effort, from upstream to downstream, so that it can play a significant role in the growth of
the national economy. lndonesia·s economic growth rate at this second quarter of 2013 is
5.81 o/o, lower than that in the previous year (2012 ) of 6.23%.
Efforts to increase the economic growth through the development of agricultural
sector should be done optimally given the context of efforts to reduce unemployment and
poverty. which shows a continuous decline from year to year. I think, Indonesian ａｧ･ｮ｣ｾ＠
for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) - Ministry of Agriculture has a
difficult task to develop appropriate and practical agricultural policy with science- and
technology-based. not only at macro level but also at the small and micro level ､ｩｲ･｣ｴ
ｬｾ＠
related to agribusinesses and farmers.
Distinguished Participants.
The focus of Government attention on the two APEC agenda is also in-line with
anticipatory strategy against global issues today. which are closely related to the agricultural
sector regarding foods, feeds, renewable fuels. fibers and environment. The strategic role of
agricultural sector in answering these global challenges, among others, are (a) provider of
foods for all Indonesian people, to achieve food sovereignty; (b) provider of the majority ( >
80%) of raw materials for small and medium enterprises that arc expected to contribute
significantly to the growth of national economy; (c) main source of income of rural
households to lower the unemployment rate as well as the alleviation of poverty; (d) source
of biodiversity and environmental conservation that are expected to contribute to the
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) as mandated by Presidential Decree No.6 1.
year 2011; and (e) contributor to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Stare foreign
exchange earner.
rof. Tosltinori Kimura
ecrerary General Of CIGR
9
Ladies and gentlemen,
We know that the year 2014 is the last year of the Strategic Plan of Ministry of
Agriculture with four success targets. Yet in my opinion, the success targets are still relevant
··
to be continued in the next period, with of course. different approaches.
The achievement of four successes becomes the basic foundation for the
deve lopment of sustainable agricultural industry systems as listed as the vision of the
Ministry of Agriculture for the period of 2015-2019. Even so, the whole range of the
Ministry of Agriculture should review their work performances, and then formulate the
concrete steps to complete the targets for the year 2014. We hope this conference produces
strategic formulations to support the achievement of the targets.
Distinguished participants,
This conference is greatly appreciated considering the closely related theme to
agricultural bio-industry system being developed to meet the new economic era in the
coming decade. In this conference, we have the opportunities to share knowledge and ideas,
to share what we have done. and to share what we can offer to answer these global
challenges. Further, we have also the opportunity to develop scientific network and
collaboration. Global collaboration network is very important to optimize the research
results and the use of limited resources.
We expect the agricultural sector downstream activities become more solid and
reliable with the application of a variety of post-harvest technology innovations, as well as
upstream activities with pre-harvest technology innovations. The integration of both
upstream and downstream agricultural development wi II provide the answers to the
challenge of open trade in APEC and ASEAN Economic Community in the coming yea rs.
By saying "Bismillahirrohmanirrohirn", I declare the International Conference on
Agricultural Postharvest Handling and Processing with the theme "Breakthrough in
Postharvest and Processing TechnolOf,'Y as the Backbone of Tomorrow's Green Economy"
officially open. Congratulations, I wish we are all having a fruitful discussion and for all the
international participants welcome and enjoy your visit to Jakarta.
PREFACE
The papers contained report the peer reviewed Proceeding of the International
Conference on Agricultural Postharvest Handling and Processing ( ICAPHP). Keynote
speakers and authors of selected contributed oral and poster presentations were given the
opportunity to submit a ma.nuscript for publication.
The manuscripts were reviewed by the Editors and members of the Editorial Board.
Only those papers judged suitable for publication following the authors' consideration of
reviewer suggestions appear in this proceeding.
The IAARD acknowledge and appreciates the contribution of all editors and
reviewers. They have made a significant contribution to improving the quality of this
publication.
Jakarta, 19 November 2014
Dr. Haryo110, M.Sc.
The Director General of IAARD
Billahit tauflq walhidayah.
Wassalamu 'alaikum wa rohmatulluhi 11·a barokatoh
Jaka11a, 19 November 2013
Dr. Rusma11 Heriawa11
Vice Minister of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia
10
11
LIST OF CONTENTS
Forewords
Welcoming Speech DG oflAARO
Remarks FAO Representative
Remarks CIGR Japan
Opening Remarks Vice Minister of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia
Preface
Lisi of Contents
List of Authors
List of Participants
Keyn ote Pape rs
4
5
6
8
Market and Regulation of Halal Food
L11kmanul Hakim, LPPOM MUI, Indonesia
249
Strategic Role of Agro-Industries io Global Trade Challenges
Boy11 Kri.rnamurthi, Vice minister ofTrade. The Republic ofIndonesia
261
Posthan·est Handling Technology
271
Anti fungal Effect Of Mango Peel (Mangifera lndica L)CvRucah Ethyl Acetate
Extract On Several Isolates Of Mold And Yeasts Isolated From Mango Peel Spoilled
Em11 Sukasih. Setyadjit, Dwi Amiarsi
21-:.
9
11
12
18
20
33
Environmentally Management for Agricultural Post Harvest Handling and Processing
Aca Sugandhy, Urban and Regional Planning, Spatial Planning, and Environmental
Management Consultant, Jakarta, /11do11esia
35
Sustainability Index Measurement of Small Medium Scale Agro Industries at Bogor
Regency
Harmsari. H, Ani Suryani, Ma11/i11a Anggraeni F1tri , Sif!1t Pranoto
281
Greening Food Chain Systems and FAQ New Strategy
Eugenia Serova, FAQ, Rome
43
Post harvest Handling technology for Export trial of sal laca Fn11ts (Sn/loco ed11/is
Rcinw) Using Sea Container Transportation
Dwi Amiarsi, Ira Mulyawanti. and setyadjil
291
Emerging Non-Destructive Food Quality Analysis
Atsushi Hashimoto, Takaham Kameoka, Mie University, Japan
49
Ethylene Powder-Future Fruit Ripening Alternative
Bhesh Bhandari, Queensland University, Australia
115
The Rice Based Food Product Development in Taiwan
Poching Wu, National /Ian University, Taiwan
133
Emerging Rice Postharvest Technology for Reducing Yield Losses
Martin Gummert, /RR/, Philipines
143
Emerging Value Chain System and Management for Reducing Yield Losses of
Hort.i cultue
Peter Johnson, AC/AR, Australia
165
Color and Rehydralon Properties of Dried Carrol by Soaking Prctreatmem
Resa Setia Adiandri and Eka Rahayu
Quality Evaluntion of Dried Red Chili (Capsicum a111111111 l) wtth Convection and
Radiation Drying Methods
Ridwan Rachmat, Jrfan Badrul Jamal, Qanytah, and Tri Waluyo
309
321
Evaluation of Paddy Losses in Highland Makasar
Suismono and Kabaki Nobuyuki
Effect of Sodium Bisulphite Concentration and Thickness of Potato Tuber on
Inhibition of Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Browning of Potato Flour
Wisnu Broto, Tatang Hidayat and Heti Herawati
A Laser Application on Plant Factories
Haruhiko Murase, CIGR. Osaka Prefec111re University, Japan
189
The Status of Postharvest Handling Technology of Coffee
Indonesia
Budi Raharjo. Yeni Eliza and Renny Utami Soemanlri
Active and intelligent Packaging for Food and Agricultural Applications
Panuwa/ Suppakul, Kasetsart University, Thailand
20 I
Study on the Microbiological Quality of Fresh Vegetables in West Java, Indonesia
7ahirnt11/ H Hassan, S .lnni Munarso. Rudy 7Jahjolwtomo, Endong Y Purwalll
Bio-informatics: Enabling the Realization and Advancement of Precission Farming
Kudang Boro Seminar, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
219
Postharvest Handling Practices in Maintaining Quality and Shelf Life of Guava
(Psidium guajava)
Elmi Kam.tiati
12
299
in
331
South Sumatera,
347
355
363
13
Food Processing Technology
375
Effect of Sweeteners and Stabilizers to Characteristics of Virgin Coconut Oil
Emulsion
Bonita Anjarsari, Nana Sutisna Achyad1, ｒｩ､ｾ
ﾷ ｡Ｑ＠
Rahmal, Mega Teja Carlina
Production of 'Kailan' Organic Juice
Hasnelly, YusmanTaufik, Kharisma
377
385
Formulation oflsotonic Drink Processed from Rambutan Fruit (Nephelium
lappaceum L) cv Lcbak Bulus
Setyadjit, Enni Sukasih and Sunarmani
391
Modified Culture Starter for Production of Vinegar from Coconut Water
Miskiyah and Juniawati
401
Extraction of Fruit Peels of Pometiapin1101a and lls Antioxidant and Antimicrobial
Activities
Fransisca C Faustina. ST. BEng. Dr rer-nat Filiana Santoso
487
Effect ofCandlenut Oil Addition to Physicochemical Properties of Ice Cream
Maria 0 Lulunanto, ST. 8£ng, Dr rer-nat Fifiano Santoso, Hery Sutanto, MS1
501
Antibacterial Activity of ExtractofNon-Soybean Tempe
Widaningrum, Endang Yuli Punvani, Veni fssani. Brola Abdalla
517
Effect of Storage Condition on the Stability of Pediocin PaF-11 from Pediococcus
acidilactici F-11
Tri Morwati/, £11! Harmayani2, Nw· Richanol and £ndong S Rahayu2
529
Postharvest Handling Quality
535
Effect of Culture Concentration, Sugar Concentration and Fermentation Method on
The Coconut Water Vinegar Production
Juniawati and Miskiyah
407
Grading Gedong Gincu Mango Using Image Processing Method
Enrico Syoe/uflali, Maulida Hoy11ni11g1yas. Dondy ASB
537
Production of Artificial Functional Rice for Diabetics Diet
Edy Mu/yono, Prima Luna. Hety Herawati, and Sri Widowati
415
Extending The Storage Life of"Papaya-Mini Balikpapan" by Packaging Technology
Siti Mariana Widoyanti and Sulusi Prabawati
545
Characteristics of Biscuits Derived From Modified Sweet Potato Flour
Dede Zaenal Arie/ Anis Yunisa and /Jen·e//y
423
Effects of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) Marurity and Delay of Processing Time on
Quality of Crude Palm Oil, a Case Stud) of Smallholder Oil Palm Plantation in East
Kotawaringin Regency
Efmi Kamsiati, Sintha E Purwandari, Rukayah. Fitria Kurniawoti, Lumban Rangin
555
435
Determination of Iron Content in several Promising Lowland Rice lines Using
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP MS)
Bram kusbiantoro, Shinto D Ardhiyami and Buang Abdullah
563
Sandi Damiadi, Resa Setia Adiandn, and Nikmatuf Hidayah
443
571
Improving Nutritional Value of Aruk Rice Through Enrichment With Red Beans as a
Protein Source
Heti Herawati and Sri Widowati
Harvesting and Threshing Losses of Paddy in Several Types of Agro-ecosystems in
Indonesia
Resa Selia Adiandri Nikma111/ Hidayah Sigit Nugraha
449
Emereln& Technology in Plant factory System
583
Effect of Soaking Sago Pith (Metroxy/on Sp) on the Characteristics of Sago Starch
Kun Tanti Dewandari, Nurdi Setiawan and Ratnaningsilt
Optimal Lighting for Plant Growth using LED and Laser Illuminations
Yoshihlro Azuma, Ryuta Udo, Shozo Yamokami, Yusuke Yamashita, Haruhiko Murase,
Hirokazu Fukuda
585
463
Pasting Properties of thermally Modified Sago Starch
Ira Mulyawanti, Sari Ill/an Kailaku, Andi Nur Alam Syah and Enrico Sjaifullah
469
595
Formulation of Rich-Dietary Fiber Drink Powder from Pumpkin (Cucurbita
Moschata)
Widaningrum and Sri Usmiati
Design and Performance Tests of an Automatic Tomato Grading Machine Based on
Visual Evaluation
T Herwanto, M Muhaemin, D Prijotna, M Sau/cot, WK Sugandhi
475
A Study of Rice Plant Photosynthesis with Scanning Laser Light Source
Hirotaka Narimo, Hirokozu Fukuda, Haruhiko Murase
603
Extraction ofOleoresin from Big Red and Curly Red Chili Using Solvent Extraction
Method
Sarifah Nurjanah, Sudaryanto lain. Asri Widyasanti, and Mir 'ah
Evaluation of Characteristic Produced Sweet Potato Snack Bar From Industrial-Scale
Trial
14
15
715
Biosystem
The Device for Mca.surfng 13iolumincsccnce of Hydroponic Lettuce
611
Keila Kak11111oto. Hondy ASB
: liza, Y.
:austina Fransisca C.
.itri, M .A.
'ukuda, H.
lummert, M.
iadipcmata, M.
fakim, L.
larimurti, N.
f artrisari, H.
lasbimoto, A.
lasnelly
lassan, Z.H.
layuningtyas, M.
lerawati, H.
lerawati, Heti
lerawati, Hety
lemani
!ervelly
lerwanto, T.
idayah, N.
idayat, T.
igashi, T .
.hilca wa, Y.
unal, l.B.
lbnson, P.
mi.awati
8
S63,733
377
299,443,S71
699
273,291
717
377
S63
423
733
669
S85
115
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739
377
443
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537
347
487
281
SSS,603,611,617,
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143
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7S9,773
331,449
41S
ns
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443,57 1
331,725
617
643,707
309
165
733,401,407
Mulyooo, E.
Munarso, S.J.
Murase, H.
Narimo, H.
Nishikawa, T .
Nobuyuki, K.
Nugraha, S.
Nurjanah, S.
Prabawati, S.
Pranoto, S.
Prijatna, 0.
Purwadi, D.
Purwandari, S.E.
Purwani, E.Y.
Qanytah
Raharjo, B.
Rahayu, E.
Rahmat. R.
Rangin, L .
Ratnaningsih
Richana, N .
Rukayah
Santoso, F.
Satuhu, S.
Saukat, M.
Seki, N.
Seminar, K.B.
Scrova, E.
Seti awan, N.
Sctyadjit
Sjaifullah, E.
Soemantri, R.U.
Sugandhy, /\.
Suismono
Sukasih, E.
Sumangat. D.
Sunarmani
Sunarti, T.C.
Suppakul, P.
Suryani, A.
Suyatma, N.E.
Syah, A.N.A.
Taufik, Y.
Tjahjohutomo, R.
Udo,R.
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Kailaku, S.1.
J(akumoto, K.
Kameok.a, T .
J(.amsiati, E.
l(harisma
KitazaW3, H.
Krisnamurthi, B.
Kumiawati, F.
Kusbiantoro, B.
Luna. P.
Ma'arif, S.
Manoi, F.
Masuishi, R.
Mir'ab
Miskiyah
Moriyuki, S.
Muhaemin, M.
Mulyani
Mulyantara, FX. L.T.
Mulyawanti, I.
739,699,469
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Ukai, K.
Uning Budiharti, U.
Ushada, M.
Usmiati, $.
Utami, T.P.
W .K. Sugandhi, W.K
Waluyo, T.
W1caksono, A.
Widaningrum
Widayanti. S.M.
Widowau, S.
Widyasanti, A .
Winarti, C.
Wu, P.
Yamakami, S.
Yamashita, Y.
Yuliani, S.
Yunisa, A.
Zain, S.
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.t't ......r,. hnto a Ctlllcction of c fuzzy ｣ｬＱｾ･ｲ＠
with ｲ｣ｾＺｴ＠
to some gi\·e11
criterion. Gi\'en a finite set or data. 1hc algorithm returns a list of c clustc1 centre
C = {1·, ·-· r.land a pani11on matm.. ( - 11 •.J ·- ,II. I · 1 I - · 11 • J - I.
',\\here each
element u,, tells the degree to \\.h1ch clement x, belongs to cluster c 1 Like the !..-means
algorithm. the FCM aims to minimize an objective function rhc standard function i:,.
01stnbut1on centre will be created by fuzzy clustering. Panition clustering essentially
eals with the task of partitioning a set of entities into a number of homogeneous clUSters
. ith respect to a suitable similarity measure. Due to the fU7,zy nature of many practicai
rob Iems, a number of fuuy clustering methods have been developed fol lowing the general
1ny set theory strategics outlined by Zadeh (1965). The main difference between the
.1ditional hard clus1cnng and fuzzy clustering can be stated as follows: m hard clustering
1 cnti1y belongs only 10 one cluster. while in fuzzy clustering cnt1t1cs arc allowed to belong
1 many clusters with dilferent degrees of membership.
Clustering has been around for many decades and located itself in a unique position
' a fundamental conceptual and algorithmic landmark of data analysis. Almost since ihc
cry inception of fuzzy sets, the role and potential of these information granules in revealing
nd describing strncturc m data was fully acknowledged and appreciated (Mika Sato, 2006).
In the recent years clustering has undergone a substantwl metamorphosis. from
'Cing an exclusively duta driven pursuit, it has transfonned itself' into a vehicle whose data
cntncity has been subi.tantially augmented by the incorporation of domain knowledge thu\
iving rise to the next generation of kno"'iedge-ricnted and col/aborat/\'e clustering.
{elated to these, the funy clustering 1s used.
i\ftcr distribution centre arc defined there is a need of Travelling Salesperson
'roblcm (TSP) to distribute the product lo the markets. In the TSP. the goal is to find the
.hortcst dislanee between N traveling points. The number of possible route for an N city tour
·cquircs N! additions. An exhaustive search through all possible µaths b acceptable onl>
vhcn N is small. As N increases, the number of possible path grows geometrically. A 20·ity tour involves 2.43 x I 0 18 additions. Even with I billion additions performed in I
•.:cond, this would Lake over 1852 years. Adding one more city would cause the number of
1dditions to increase by a factor of2 I. Obviously, exhaustive search becomes impractical.
So, to make it more quickly and simply, genetic algorithm is necessary to used for
p partitioning In the absence of
experimentation or domam knowledge. mis commonly set to 2. The basic fCM Algorithm.
given n data points (x I, .... xn) to he clustered, a number of c clusters with (c I, . .• cc) the
center of the clusters. and m the level of cluster fuainess.
In fU?..zy clustering, each point ha" a degree of belonging to clusters, as in [ua'
logic. rather than belonging completely to JUst one cluster. Thus. poinh on tJ1c edge of a
cluster, may be 111 the cluster to a lesser degree than ro111ts in the center of cluster. An
overview and comparison of different funy clustering algorithms is avai lable .
Any poiht \' has a set or coefficients giving lhc degree of being in lhe I.th cluslcr
wt(.\). With fuz.zy c-mcans, the centroid of a cluster is the mean of all pomts, weighted ｢ｾ＠
their degree of belonging to the clu!>ler:
C'k
=
L.c ｵｲｾＮＨ＠
Lr ｷｾＮＨＱﾷＩ＠
:r).r
..
The degree of bclong111g. w,(x), is related inversely to the dbtancc from r to the
cluster center as calculated on the previous ｰ｡ｳｾＮ＠
It also depends on a parameter /11 that
controls how much weight is given 10 the closest center. The funy
ｾ
ｾ＠
Proceedings of the YArvfJK-lt AR.t:E.tt.-tAJ
International Conference on Agricultural
Postharvcst Handling, and Processing
(ICAPHP)
.lal.an:1. ｬｲｵｯＱｾｩＺ＠
'o\1'111hrr 19-21. 20 I J
I
I
.1
\,
I
Mi1m.try of Agriculture
Indonesian Agency of Agriculture Research and De,clopmcnt
Jnrlonrian Crntrr for Agrirnltural Postharvrst ltrsrarch and Oevclopmr111
!SB:'\:
\I
ｱＷＸ
Ｍ Ｙｾ
ＹＭ Ｑ＠ I ll.-JR-l
l'o\'cmhr r Ａｏｦｾ＠
•
The International Conference on Agricultural Postharvcst Handling, and Processing
(ICAP HP)
Convener
H.K. Purwadaria
Bogor Agricultural Uni1•ersity. Swiss German University. Indonesia
Scientific Committee
ISB"\; 978-979-11 16-JS..1
A, Hashimoto, Mie University, Sakai, Japan
H.K. Purwadaria, Bogor Agricultural University, Swiss Germcm University, Indonesia
Haryono, Indonesia11 Agency ofAgricultural Research and Development. lndo11esia
H. Murasc, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
M. Gummert, IRRJ, Manila, Philippines
T. Kimura, Hokkaido University. Sapporo. Japa11
P. Supakul, Kasetsart University, Bangkok. Thailand
P. Wu, National /Ian University, Taiwan
N. Richana, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and De1•elopment
(ICAPRD), Minist1y ofAgriculture, Indonesia.
S. Widowati, ICAPRD. Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia
Abubakar, ICAPRD, Ministry ofAgriculture. Indonesia
S. J. Munarso, /CAPRD. Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia
Sctyadjit, ICAPRD. Ministry ofAgriculture, Indonesia
S. Yuliani. ICAPRD. Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia
£dirors:
Djajcng Sumanga1
l11do11e"'"'
Ridwan
RachmarCi.•111:11istinguished Ladies And Gentlemen
We Are Also In Debt With The faard In Inviting Cigr And We Are Accepting Indonesia
,s The Cigr Member Represented By faard Interchange With The Association Of Agroindustrial
echnology Profession. More Over On Behalf The Cigr, I Would Like To Thank Also To All
he Contributors To This Conference, Who Will Outline Their Invaluable Ideas, Please, Accept
>ur High Appreciation.
Finally, I Would Like To Congratulate To laard For Successful Organizing The
1temational Conference And I Wish You All The Most Successful And Useful Deliberation For
he Development Of Green Economy In The World.
1karta, 19 November 2013
•
•
•
•
•
Deputy, Vice Ministers.
The representative off AO, IRRI, ACIAR
Secretary General ofCIGR (Commission of Agricultural and B1osystem Engineering)
Distinguished Participants
Ladies and Gentlemen
Auafammu 'of11flm111 wa Rnmat11ff11fli "'a Burakllf11f1,
First of all, let us say Grace to the Almighty God. Allah Subhanahu Wa' Ta·a1a, as
His Will that we are gathered today in healthy condition. to take part on the International
Conference on Agricultural Postharvest Handling and Processing in Jakarta. I would like to
recall that coincides with the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit Meeting.
last month in Bali, there are two important agenda that Indonesian Government focused on.
which has a close relevance to this conforence, i.e. development of micro. small and
medium enterprises (SM Es) and agriculture.
Indonesian Government is working hard to develop and promote SMEs and
agricultural products in order to enter the world market, in particular APEC Countries.
without barrier problems. The development of the two sectors require a careful strategy and
effort, from upstream to downstream, so that it can play a significant role in the growth of
the national economy. lndonesia·s economic growth rate at this second quarter of 2013 is
5.81 o/o, lower than that in the previous year (2012 ) of 6.23%.
Efforts to increase the economic growth through the development of agricultural
sector should be done optimally given the context of efforts to reduce unemployment and
poverty. which shows a continuous decline from year to year. I think, Indonesian ａｧ･ｮ｣ｾ＠
for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) - Ministry of Agriculture has a
difficult task to develop appropriate and practical agricultural policy with science- and
technology-based. not only at macro level but also at the small and micro level ､ｩｲ･｣ｴ
ｬｾ＠
related to agribusinesses and farmers.
Distinguished Participants.
The focus of Government attention on the two APEC agenda is also in-line with
anticipatory strategy against global issues today. which are closely related to the agricultural
sector regarding foods, feeds, renewable fuels. fibers and environment. The strategic role of
agricultural sector in answering these global challenges, among others, are (a) provider of
foods for all Indonesian people, to achieve food sovereignty; (b) provider of the majority ( >
80%) of raw materials for small and medium enterprises that arc expected to contribute
significantly to the growth of national economy; (c) main source of income of rural
households to lower the unemployment rate as well as the alleviation of poverty; (d) source
of biodiversity and environmental conservation that are expected to contribute to the
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) as mandated by Presidential Decree No.6 1.
year 2011; and (e) contributor to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Stare foreign
exchange earner.
rof. Tosltinori Kimura
ecrerary General Of CIGR
9
Ladies and gentlemen,
We know that the year 2014 is the last year of the Strategic Plan of Ministry of
Agriculture with four success targets. Yet in my opinion, the success targets are still relevant
··
to be continued in the next period, with of course. different approaches.
The achievement of four successes becomes the basic foundation for the
deve lopment of sustainable agricultural industry systems as listed as the vision of the
Ministry of Agriculture for the period of 2015-2019. Even so, the whole range of the
Ministry of Agriculture should review their work performances, and then formulate the
concrete steps to complete the targets for the year 2014. We hope this conference produces
strategic formulations to support the achievement of the targets.
Distinguished participants,
This conference is greatly appreciated considering the closely related theme to
agricultural bio-industry system being developed to meet the new economic era in the
coming decade. In this conference, we have the opportunities to share knowledge and ideas,
to share what we have done. and to share what we can offer to answer these global
challenges. Further, we have also the opportunity to develop scientific network and
collaboration. Global collaboration network is very important to optimize the research
results and the use of limited resources.
We expect the agricultural sector downstream activities become more solid and
reliable with the application of a variety of post-harvest technology innovations, as well as
upstream activities with pre-harvest technology innovations. The integration of both
upstream and downstream agricultural development wi II provide the answers to the
challenge of open trade in APEC and ASEAN Economic Community in the coming yea rs.
By saying "Bismillahirrohmanirrohirn", I declare the International Conference on
Agricultural Postharvest Handling and Processing with the theme "Breakthrough in
Postharvest and Processing TechnolOf,'Y as the Backbone of Tomorrow's Green Economy"
officially open. Congratulations, I wish we are all having a fruitful discussion and for all the
international participants welcome and enjoy your visit to Jakarta.
PREFACE
The papers contained report the peer reviewed Proceeding of the International
Conference on Agricultural Postharvest Handling and Processing ( ICAPHP). Keynote
speakers and authors of selected contributed oral and poster presentations were given the
opportunity to submit a ma.nuscript for publication.
The manuscripts were reviewed by the Editors and members of the Editorial Board.
Only those papers judged suitable for publication following the authors' consideration of
reviewer suggestions appear in this proceeding.
The IAARD acknowledge and appreciates the contribution of all editors and
reviewers. They have made a significant contribution to improving the quality of this
publication.
Jakarta, 19 November 2014
Dr. Haryo110, M.Sc.
The Director General of IAARD
Billahit tauflq walhidayah.
Wassalamu 'alaikum wa rohmatulluhi 11·a barokatoh
Jaka11a, 19 November 2013
Dr. Rusma11 Heriawa11
Vice Minister of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia
10
11
LIST OF CONTENTS
Forewords
Welcoming Speech DG oflAARO
Remarks FAO Representative
Remarks CIGR Japan
Opening Remarks Vice Minister of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia
Preface
Lisi of Contents
List of Authors
List of Participants
Keyn ote Pape rs
4
5
6
8
Market and Regulation of Halal Food
L11kmanul Hakim, LPPOM MUI, Indonesia
249
Strategic Role of Agro-Industries io Global Trade Challenges
Boy11 Kri.rnamurthi, Vice minister ofTrade. The Republic ofIndonesia
261
Posthan·est Handling Technology
271
Anti fungal Effect Of Mango Peel (Mangifera lndica L)CvRucah Ethyl Acetate
Extract On Several Isolates Of Mold And Yeasts Isolated From Mango Peel Spoilled
Em11 Sukasih. Setyadjit, Dwi Amiarsi
21-:.
9
11
12
18
20
33
Environmentally Management for Agricultural Post Harvest Handling and Processing
Aca Sugandhy, Urban and Regional Planning, Spatial Planning, and Environmental
Management Consultant, Jakarta, /11do11esia
35
Sustainability Index Measurement of Small Medium Scale Agro Industries at Bogor
Regency
Harmsari. H, Ani Suryani, Ma11/i11a Anggraeni F1tri , Sif!1t Pranoto
281
Greening Food Chain Systems and FAQ New Strategy
Eugenia Serova, FAQ, Rome
43
Post harvest Handling technology for Export trial of sal laca Fn11ts (Sn/loco ed11/is
Rcinw) Using Sea Container Transportation
Dwi Amiarsi, Ira Mulyawanti. and setyadjil
291
Emerging Non-Destructive Food Quality Analysis
Atsushi Hashimoto, Takaham Kameoka, Mie University, Japan
49
Ethylene Powder-Future Fruit Ripening Alternative
Bhesh Bhandari, Queensland University, Australia
115
The Rice Based Food Product Development in Taiwan
Poching Wu, National /Ian University, Taiwan
133
Emerging Rice Postharvest Technology for Reducing Yield Losses
Martin Gummert, /RR/, Philipines
143
Emerging Value Chain System and Management for Reducing Yield Losses of
Hort.i cultue
Peter Johnson, AC/AR, Australia
165
Color and Rehydralon Properties of Dried Carrol by Soaking Prctreatmem
Resa Setia Adiandri and Eka Rahayu
Quality Evaluntion of Dried Red Chili (Capsicum a111111111 l) wtth Convection and
Radiation Drying Methods
Ridwan Rachmat, Jrfan Badrul Jamal, Qanytah, and Tri Waluyo
309
321
Evaluation of Paddy Losses in Highland Makasar
Suismono and Kabaki Nobuyuki
Effect of Sodium Bisulphite Concentration and Thickness of Potato Tuber on
Inhibition of Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Browning of Potato Flour
Wisnu Broto, Tatang Hidayat and Heti Herawati
A Laser Application on Plant Factories
Haruhiko Murase, CIGR. Osaka Prefec111re University, Japan
189
The Status of Postharvest Handling Technology of Coffee
Indonesia
Budi Raharjo. Yeni Eliza and Renny Utami Soemanlri
Active and intelligent Packaging for Food and Agricultural Applications
Panuwa/ Suppakul, Kasetsart University, Thailand
20 I
Study on the Microbiological Quality of Fresh Vegetables in West Java, Indonesia
7ahirnt11/ H Hassan, S .lnni Munarso. Rudy 7Jahjolwtomo, Endong Y Purwalll
Bio-informatics: Enabling the Realization and Advancement of Precission Farming
Kudang Boro Seminar, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
219
Postharvest Handling Practices in Maintaining Quality and Shelf Life of Guava
(Psidium guajava)
Elmi Kam.tiati
12
299
in
331
South Sumatera,
347
355
363
13
Food Processing Technology
375
Effect of Sweeteners and Stabilizers to Characteristics of Virgin Coconut Oil
Emulsion
Bonita Anjarsari, Nana Sutisna Achyad1, ｒｩ､ｾ
ﾷ ｡Ｑ＠
Rahmal, Mega Teja Carlina
Production of 'Kailan' Organic Juice
Hasnelly, YusmanTaufik, Kharisma
377
385
Formulation oflsotonic Drink Processed from Rambutan Fruit (Nephelium
lappaceum L) cv Lcbak Bulus
Setyadjit, Enni Sukasih and Sunarmani
391
Modified Culture Starter for Production of Vinegar from Coconut Water
Miskiyah and Juniawati
401
Extraction of Fruit Peels of Pometiapin1101a and lls Antioxidant and Antimicrobial
Activities
Fransisca C Faustina. ST. BEng. Dr rer-nat Filiana Santoso
487
Effect ofCandlenut Oil Addition to Physicochemical Properties of Ice Cream
Maria 0 Lulunanto, ST. 8£ng, Dr rer-nat Fifiano Santoso, Hery Sutanto, MS1
501
Antibacterial Activity of ExtractofNon-Soybean Tempe
Widaningrum, Endang Yuli Punvani, Veni fssani. Brola Abdalla
517
Effect of Storage Condition on the Stability of Pediocin PaF-11 from Pediococcus
acidilactici F-11
Tri Morwati/, £11! Harmayani2, Nw· Richanol and £ndong S Rahayu2
529
Postharvest Handling Quality
535
Effect of Culture Concentration, Sugar Concentration and Fermentation Method on
The Coconut Water Vinegar Production
Juniawati and Miskiyah
407
Grading Gedong Gincu Mango Using Image Processing Method
Enrico Syoe/uflali, Maulida Hoy11ni11g1yas. Dondy ASB
537
Production of Artificial Functional Rice for Diabetics Diet
Edy Mu/yono, Prima Luna. Hety Herawati, and Sri Widowati
415
Extending The Storage Life of"Papaya-Mini Balikpapan" by Packaging Technology
Siti Mariana Widoyanti and Sulusi Prabawati
545
Characteristics of Biscuits Derived From Modified Sweet Potato Flour
Dede Zaenal Arie/ Anis Yunisa and /Jen·e//y
423
Effects of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) Marurity and Delay of Processing Time on
Quality of Crude Palm Oil, a Case Stud) of Smallholder Oil Palm Plantation in East
Kotawaringin Regency
Efmi Kamsiati, Sintha E Purwandari, Rukayah. Fitria Kurniawoti, Lumban Rangin
555
435
Determination of Iron Content in several Promising Lowland Rice lines Using
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP MS)
Bram kusbiantoro, Shinto D Ardhiyami and Buang Abdullah
563
Sandi Damiadi, Resa Setia Adiandn, and Nikmatuf Hidayah
443
571
Improving Nutritional Value of Aruk Rice Through Enrichment With Red Beans as a
Protein Source
Heti Herawati and Sri Widowati
Harvesting and Threshing Losses of Paddy in Several Types of Agro-ecosystems in
Indonesia
Resa Selia Adiandri Nikma111/ Hidayah Sigit Nugraha
449
Emereln& Technology in Plant factory System
583
Effect of Soaking Sago Pith (Metroxy/on Sp) on the Characteristics of Sago Starch
Kun Tanti Dewandari, Nurdi Setiawan and Ratnaningsilt
Optimal Lighting for Plant Growth using LED and Laser Illuminations
Yoshihlro Azuma, Ryuta Udo, Shozo Yamokami, Yusuke Yamashita, Haruhiko Murase,
Hirokazu Fukuda
585
463
Pasting Properties of thermally Modified Sago Starch
Ira Mulyawanti, Sari Ill/an Kailaku, Andi Nur Alam Syah and Enrico Sjaifullah
469
595
Formulation of Rich-Dietary Fiber Drink Powder from Pumpkin (Cucurbita
Moschata)
Widaningrum and Sri Usmiati
Design and Performance Tests of an Automatic Tomato Grading Machine Based on
Visual Evaluation
T Herwanto, M Muhaemin, D Prijotna, M Sau/cot, WK Sugandhi
475
A Study of Rice Plant Photosynthesis with Scanning Laser Light Source
Hirotaka Narimo, Hirokozu Fukuda, Haruhiko Murase
603
Extraction ofOleoresin from Big Red and Curly Red Chili Using Solvent Extraction
Method
Sarifah Nurjanah, Sudaryanto lain. Asri Widyasanti, and Mir 'ah
Evaluation of Characteristic Produced Sweet Potato Snack Bar From Industrial-Scale
Trial
14
15
715
Biosystem
The Device for Mca.surfng 13iolumincsccnce of Hydroponic Lettuce
611
Keila Kak11111oto. Hondy ASB
: liza, Y.
:austina Fransisca C.
.itri, M .A.
'ukuda, H.
lummert, M.
iadipcmata, M.
fakim, L.
larimurti, N.
f artrisari, H.
lasbimoto, A.
lasnelly
lassan, Z.H.
layuningtyas, M.
lerawati, H.
lerawati, Heti
lerawati, Hety
lemani
!ervelly
lerwanto, T.
idayah, N.
idayat, T.
igashi, T .
.hilca wa, Y.
unal, l.B.
lbnson, P.
mi.awati
8
S63,733
377
299,443,S71
699
273,291
717
377
S63
423
733
669
S85
115
33 1
739
377
443
463
537
347
487
281
SSS,603,611,617,
625,635,643
143
739
249
699
281
49
385
355
537
7S9,773
331,449
41S
ns
423
59S
443,57 1
331,725
617
643,707
309
165
733,401,407
Mulyooo, E.
Munarso, S.J.
Murase, H.
Narimo, H.
Nishikawa, T .
Nobuyuki, K.
Nugraha, S.
Nurjanah, S.
Prabawati, S.
Pranoto, S.
Prijatna, 0.
Purwadi, D.
Purwandari, S.E.
Purwani, E.Y.
Qanytah
Raharjo, B.
Rahayu, E.
Rahmat. R.
Rangin, L .
Ratnaningsih
Richana, N .
Rukayah
Santoso, F.
Satuhu, S.
Saukat, M.
Seki, N.
Seminar, K.B.
Scrova, E.
Seti awan, N.
Sctyadjit
Sjaifullah, E.
Soemantri, R.U.
Sugandhy, /\.
Suismono
Sukasih, E.
Sumangat. D.
Sunarmani
Sunarti, T.C.
Suppakul, P.
Suryani, A.
Suyatma, N.E.
Syah, A.N.A.
Taufik, Y.
Tjahjohutomo, R.
Udo,R.
41S
355,6S3
189,S8S,603,61 l ,617,
62S,63S,643,66t
603
643
321
571,707
43S
54S
281
S9S
661
SSS
3SS,517
309
347
299,529
377
Kailaku, S.1.
J(akumoto, K.
Kameok.a, T .
J(.amsiati, E.
l(harisma
KitazaW3, H.
Krisnamurthi, B.
Kumiawati, F.
Kusbiantoro, B.
Luna. P.
Ma'arif, S.
Manoi, F.
Masuishi, R.
Mir'ab
Miskiyah
Moriyuki, S.
Muhaemin, M.
Mulyani
Mulyantara, FX. L.T.
Mulyawanti, I.
739,699,469
611
49
363,555
38S
707
261
555
563
415
669
769
625
435
401,407,747
635
595
717
717
291,469
Ukai, K.
Uning Budiharti, U.
Ushada, M.
Usmiati, $.
Utami, T.P.
W .K. Sugandhi, W.K
Waluyo, T.
W1caksono, A.
Widaningrum
Widayanti. S.M.
Widowau, S.
Widyasanti, A .
Winarti, C.
Wu, P.
Yamakami, S.
Yamashita, Y.
Yuliani, S.
Yunisa, A.
Zain, S.
t- I
-1
.-
6o
... ,
3.r.N'
-Ｇｾ＠
:o
':'..
.t't ......r,. hnto a Ctlllcction of c fuzzy ｣ｬＱｾ･ｲ＠
with ｲ｣ｾＺｴ＠
to some gi\·e11
criterion. Gi\'en a finite set or data. 1hc algorithm returns a list of c clustc1 centre
C = {1·, ·-· r.land a pani11on matm.. ( - 11 •.J ·- ,II. I · 1 I - · 11 • J - I.
',\\here each
element u,, tells the degree to \\.h1ch clement x, belongs to cluster c 1 Like the !..-means
algorithm. the FCM aims to minimize an objective function rhc standard function i:,.
01stnbut1on centre will be created by fuzzy clustering. Panition clustering essentially
eals with the task of partitioning a set of entities into a number of homogeneous clUSters
. ith respect to a suitable similarity measure. Due to the fU7,zy nature of many practicai
rob Iems, a number of fuuy clustering methods have been developed fol lowing the general
1ny set theory strategics outlined by Zadeh (1965). The main difference between the
.1ditional hard clus1cnng and fuzzy clustering can be stated as follows: m hard clustering
1 cnti1y belongs only 10 one cluster. while in fuzzy clustering cnt1t1cs arc allowed to belong
1 many clusters with dilferent degrees of membership.
Clustering has been around for many decades and located itself in a unique position
' a fundamental conceptual and algorithmic landmark of data analysis. Almost since ihc
cry inception of fuzzy sets, the role and potential of these information granules in revealing
nd describing strncturc m data was fully acknowledged and appreciated (Mika Sato, 2006).
In the recent years clustering has undergone a substantwl metamorphosis. from
'Cing an exclusively duta driven pursuit, it has transfonned itself' into a vehicle whose data
cntncity has been subi.tantially augmented by the incorporation of domain knowledge thu\
iving rise to the next generation of kno"'iedge-ricnted and col/aborat/\'e clustering.
{elated to these, the funy clustering 1s used.
i\ftcr distribution centre arc defined there is a need of Travelling Salesperson
'roblcm (TSP) to distribute the product lo the markets. In the TSP. the goal is to find the
.hortcst dislanee between N traveling points. The number of possible route for an N city tour
·cquircs N! additions. An exhaustive search through all possible µaths b acceptable onl>
vhcn N is small. As N increases, the number of possible path grows geometrically. A 20·ity tour involves 2.43 x I 0 18 additions. Even with I billion additions performed in I
•.:cond, this would Lake over 1852 years. Adding one more city would cause the number of
1dditions to increase by a factor of2 I. Obviously, exhaustive search becomes impractical.
So, to make it more quickly and simply, genetic algorithm is necessary to used for
p partitioning In the absence of
experimentation or domam knowledge. mis commonly set to 2. The basic fCM Algorithm.
given n data points (x I, .... xn) to he clustered, a number of c clusters with (c I, . .• cc) the
center of the clusters. and m the level of cluster fuainess.
In fU?..zy clustering, each point ha" a degree of belonging to clusters, as in [ua'
logic. rather than belonging completely to JUst one cluster. Thus. poinh on tJ1c edge of a
cluster, may be 111 the cluster to a lesser degree than ro111ts in the center of cluster. An
overview and comparison of different funy clustering algorithms is avai lable .
Any poiht \' has a set or coefficients giving lhc degree of being in lhe I.th cluslcr
wt(.\). With fuz.zy c-mcans, the centroid of a cluster is the mean of all pomts, weighted ｢ｾ＠
their degree of belonging to the clu!>ler:
C'k
=
L.c ｵｲｾＮＨ＠
Lr ｷｾＮＨＱﾷＩ＠
:r).r
..
The degree of bclong111g. w,(x), is related inversely to the dbtancc from r to the
cluster center as calculated on the previous ｰ｡ｳｾＮ＠
It also depends on a parameter /11 that
controls how much weight is given 10 the closest center. The funy