Study The Potential Of Submerge Pico Hydro Generation System In Water Pipeline.

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

STUDY THE POTENTIAL OF SUBMERGE PICO HYDRO
GENERATION SYSTEM IN WATER PIPELINE

This report is submitted in accordance with the requirement of the Universiti
Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor of Electrical Engineering
Technology
(Industrial Power) with Honour

by

MOHAMAD RIDUAN BIN MOHAMMAD
B071210347
910112-08-6455

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
2015

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA

TAJUK: STUDY THE POTENTIAL OF SUBMERGE PICO HYDRO GENERATION
SYSTEM IN WATER PIPELINE

SESI PENGAJIAN: 2015/16 Semester 1
Saya MOHAMAD RIDUAN BIN MOHAMMAD
mengaku membenarkan Laporan PSM ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti
Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis.
2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan
untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis.
3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan
pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.
4. **Sila tandakan ( )
(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan
SULIT
oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)
TERHAD

(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan
atau kepentingan Malaysia sebagaimana yang termaktub

dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)

TIDAK TERHAD

(TANDATANGAN PENULIS)

Disahkan oleh:
(TANDATANGAN PENYELIA)

Alamat Tetap:

NO. 2249 Jalan Enggang Felda
Gunung Besout 02

Cop Rasmi:

35600 Sungkai Perak
Malaysia,
** Jika Laporan PSM ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi
berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai

SULIT atau TERHAD.

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN
Tel : +606 234 6623 | Faks : +606 23406526

Rujukan Kami (Our Ref) :
Rujukan Tuan (Your Ref) :

28 JAN 2016
Pustakawan
Perpustakaan UTeM
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
Hang Tuah Jaya,
76100 Durian Tunggal,
Melaka.
Tuan/Puan,
PENGKELASAN LAPORAN PSM SEBAGAI SULIT/TERHAD LAPORAN
PROJEK SARJANA MUDA TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK
(BETI): MOHAMMAD RIDUAN BIN MOHAMMAD
Sukacita dimaklumkan bahawa Laporan PSM yang tersebut di atas bertajuk

“potential study submersible pico hydro system” mohon dikelaskan
sebagai *SULIT / TERHAD untuk tempoh LIMA (5) tahun dari tarikh surat ini.
2.
Hal ini adalah kerana IANYA MERUPAKAN PROJEK YANG DITAJA
OLEH SYARIKAT LUAR DAN HASIL KAJIANNYA ADALAH SULIT.
Sekian dimaklumkan. Terima kasih.

Yang benar,

________________
Tandatangan dan Cop Penyelia

* Potong yang tidak berkenaan
NOTA: BORANG INI HANYA DIISI JIKA DIKLASIFIKASIKAN SEBAGAI
SULIT DAN TERHAD. JIKA LAPORAN DIKELASKAN SEBAGAI TIDAK
TERHAD, MAKA BORANG INI TIDAK PERLU DISERTAKAN DALAM
LAPORAN PSM.

DECLARATION

I hereby, declared this report entitled “study the potential of submerge Pico hydro
generation system in water pipeline
” is the results of my own research except as cited in references.

Signature

:………………………

Name

: RIDUAN

Date

: 11/12/15

v

APPROVAL

This report is submitted to the Faculty of Engineering Technology of UTeM as a
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Electrical
Engineering Technology (Jabatan Teknologi Kejuruteraan Elektrik) (Hons.).
The member of the supervisory is as follow:

……………………………….
(Mr Mohd Firdaus bin Mohd Ab.Halim Project Supervisor)

vi

ABSTRAK

Objektif utama laporan ini adalah untuk membangunkan dan mengkaji jenis
submersible Pico hidro yang dipasang di saluran paip air. Semasa melakukan ujian
terhadap experiment ini kadar air, tekanan air, perbezaan saiz paip air, menggunakan
turbine generator lebih dari satu dan kedudukan pico hydro dipasang di dalam paip di
ambil kira sebagai pembolehubah. Kesemua pembolehubah tersebut di ambil kira
adalah utuk mencari keadaan yang terbaik dan sesuai untuk dipasarkan. Data yang di
ambil dari projek ini adalah voltage, arus, dan kuasa. Selepas itu analisis dilaukan
terhadap kadar air dengan arus dan voltan. Projek ini juga mengkaji, potensi

submerges pico hydro dengan menggunakan motor kipas penyejuk berkada terus
(DC) sebagai generater utuk menjana elektrik.

vii

ABSTRACT

The primary objective of this report is to develop and study the submersible type of
Pico hydro mounted in a water pipeline. The testing and experiment for this project
involve manipulating variable such as flow rate of water and pressure of water,
different size of water pipeline, using turbine generator more than one and different
condition that the turbine is installed. The entire variable is to study the best
condition that suitable to be installed. The data is taken from this project is voltage,
current, and power. Next the analysis will be performing on relationship between rate
of water with current and voltage. This project also to cover the possibility of
submerges Pico hydro using DC cooling fan motor to generate electricity.

viii

DEDICATIONS

To my beloved parents

ix

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Alhamdulillah,
This project is finally complete after dedicating all my effort on completing this
project. First of all, I would like to express my thankfulness to Allah S.W.T because
has given me all the strength and competed hope to keep up continuously until this
report and project.
I also would like to give my greatest thank to our project supervisor, Mr
Muhammad Sharil Bin Yahya and Mr Mohd Firdaus bin Mohd Ab.Halim for treating
me with a great guidance, helps, advices and being so supportive in every aspect that
lead me to complete this report. They had also been so kind in all way during the
project.
Many thanks to my family, especially to my parents, because of their support with
their prayer and love, and also the financial support. Last but not least, I would like
to express my appreciation to my friends and classmates for their patients,

understanding and also for their undivided support that they had gave me. For all
those people who involve themselves in our project and only God can repay the
kindness.

x

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ...................................................................................................................v
APPROVAL......................................................................................................................... vi
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ vii
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................................... viii
DEDICATIONS ................................................................................................................... ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .....................................................................................................x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... xi
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... xiv
LIST OF TABLE .................................................................................................................xv
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................. xvi
CHAPTER 1 ..........................................................................................................................1
1.1

Introduction and Background study ........................................................................1

1.2

Problem statement ...................................................................................................3

1.3

objective of the project ............................................................................................4

1.4

Scope of the Project .................................................................................................4

CHAPTER 2 ..........................................................................................................................5
2.1

Theory and basic principle ......................................................................................5

2.2

Water turbines .........................................................................................................6

2.2.1

Impulse turbine.................................................................................................7

2.2.1.1

Pelton Turbine...........................................................................................7
xi

2.2.1.2

Turgo turbine ............................................................................................8

2.2.1.3

Crossflow Turbine ....................................................................................9

2.2.2

Reaction Turbine ..............................................................................................9

2.2.2.1

Francis Turbine .......................................................................................10

2.2.2.2

Kaplan Turbines ......................................................................................10

2.2.3

Selection of a turbine for a specific duty .......................................................11

2.3

Generator ...............................................................................................................12

2.4

Head and Flow .......................................................................................................13

CHAPTER 3 ........................................................................................................................15
3.1

Flow Chart of the Methodology ............................................................................15

3.2

Discussion of methodology ...................................................................................16

3.2.1

Literature review ............................................................................................16

3.2.2

Determination of type of hydro turbine that will be designed and

theories related. ............................................................................................................16
3.2.3

Hardware installation .....................................................................................17

3.2.4

Analysis the Pico hydro turbine .....................................................................18

3.2.5

Writing report .................................................................................................18

CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................................................19
4.1

Data and measurement ..........................................................................................19

4.1.1

Flow rate.........................................................................................................20

4.1.2

Static head ......................................................................................................21

4.1.3

Friction losses ................................................................................................21

4.2

Relationship water velocity to voltage and current mA at 3inch pipe ..................22
xii

4.3

Relationship between water velocity to voltage and current at 6inch pipe ...........23

CHAPTER 5 ........................................................................................................................24
5.1

Conclusion .............................................................................................................24

5.2

Future work & recommendation ...........................................................................25

APPENDIX A ......................................................................................................................27
APPENDIX B ......................................................................................................................33
REFERENCE .......................................................................................................................35

xiii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: shows the different type of Pico hydro in market industry. ....................... 3
Figure 2.1: Early hydro turbine design ........................................................................ 6
Figure 2.2: various type of impulse turbine for Pico hydro ......................................... 7
Figure 2.3: Pelton Wheel Turbine. ............................................................................... 8
Figure 2.4: Turgo Wheel Turbine ................................................................................ 8
Figure 2.5: cross flow turbine ...................................................................................... 9
Figure 2.6: Francis Turbine ....................................................................................... 10
Figure 2.7: Kaplan Turbine ........................................................................................ 11
Figure 2.8: Range of suitable heads for different types of turbine............................. 12
Figure 2.9:: Working systems of Generator .............................................................. 13
Figure 3.1: Flow chart of the methodology................................................................ 15
Figure 3.2: DC fan motor .......................................................................................... 16
Figure 3.3: dc fan motor installed in water pipeline .................................................. 17
Figure 3.4: complete hardware assemble ................................................................... 18
Figure 4.1: three conditions control valve ................................................................. 20
Figure 4.2: Water pump use for suck water ............................................................... 21
Figure 4.3: Relationship water velocity and voltage and current in mAmp .............. 22
Figure 4.4:Data taken at 3inch pipe ........................................................................... 23
Figure 4.5: Turbine in pipe 6 inch .............................................................................. 23
Figure 5.1: dc fan motor installed in water pipeline .................................................. 25
xiv

LIST OF TABLE

Table 1.1: Type of hydropower classification by generating capacity. ....................... 2
Table 4.1:data measurement for 3 inch pipe .............................................................. 19
Table 4.2: data measurement for 6 inch pipe ............................................................. 19

xv

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

p

=

Power

Pin

=

Input power

pout

=

Output power

H

=

Effective head (meter)

n

=

Rate of rotation

Q

=

Water flow rate

G

=

Gravity

η

=

Efficiency

Ns

=

Specific speed

AC

=

Alternating current

DC

=

Direct current

V

=

Water velocity inside pipe

Q

=

Flow rate of water inside pipe

D

=

Pipe inside diameter

gpm

=

Gallon per minute

Ft/sec

=

Feet per second

xvi

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

This chapter will cover the purpose of this project, introduction and problem
statement. From that, the conclusion will be drawn based on the activities mentioned.
The objectives and scope of the project are also will be explained briefly through this
chapter. Objectives and scope are very important towards this project because it will
give guidance through the whole process.

1.1

Introduction and Background study

The importance of electricity reliability grows simultaneously with the demand from
consumers. The consumers come from many part of the country which is not
necessarily near town or city. It also can come from remote area that is far away from
the generation plant. To overcome this problem, the remote area can use renewable
energy such as wind, hydro, sunlight, and waves. In peninsular Malaysia the
common renewable energy source is using hydro and sunlight as a main energy to
generate electricity.
The aim of hydropower generation is to generate a clean energy electricity
which is one of the most valuable and desired resource. There are many types of
hydropower generation with different amount power produced.

1

Table 1.1: Type of hydropower classification by generating capacity.
Classification

Power Output

Large

>100MW

Medium

10-100MW

Small

1-10MW

Mini

100kW-MW

Micro

5-100kW

Pico