SOCIOPRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES USED IN THE FAULT IN OUR STARS Sociopragmatic Analysis Of Commissive Utterances Used In The Fault In Our Stars.
SOCIOPRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF COMMISSIVE
UTTERANCES USED IN THE FAULT IN OUR STARS
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
ARGA KURNIAWAN KMA
A 320 122 007
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
“And He found you lost and guided you,”
(Quran 93:7)
How can we win, when fools can be king?
Don’t waste your time, or time will waste you
(Matthew James Bellamy)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
The greatest ones Allah SWT
His beloved parents Mr. Lasito and Mrs. Rubiyah, my beloved brothers
and sisters, and my big family. Thanks for your full support and bless.
All of the members of EDSO UMS 2012
His friends (Rudy, Rezky, Richo, Herlina, Irin, Firda, Risma, Vernanda,
Deby.
Especially, SintaDewi R, thanks for everything that you have done to
support him.
His friends in Department of English Education who cannot mentioned
one by one in helping the writer in finishing this research paper.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AssalamualaikumWarahmatullahiWabarakatuh.
In the name of Allah the most gracious and the most merciful, I would like
to say thank to Allah SWT the almighty for mercy and blessing for the writer in
making research paper to fulfill one of requirement for the undergraduate degree
of education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The writer finally
completes her research paper entitled “SOCIOPRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF
COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES USED IN THE FAULT IN OUR STARS”.
Sholawatand salamare also given to our great prophet Muhammad SAW
who brought the mankind from the darkness into the lightness. In finishing this
research paper, the writer find some problems and obstacles. so that this research
paper cannot be finished without help from the others who give support, guidance,
suggestion, and constructive criticism. Finally the writer would like to express her
thanks for those who helped him.
1. Prof. Dr. HarunJokoPrayitno, the Dean of the School of Teacher
Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. MaulyHalwatHikmat, Ph.D, the Chief of Department of English
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
3. Aryati Prasetyarini, S. Pd, M. Pd, the Secretary of Department of
English Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
4. Dra. SitiZuhriahAriatmi, M. Hum as a consultant who has given the
research guidance, suggestion, and correction wisely during the
completion of this research paper.
5. TitisSetyabudi, S.S., M.Hum., the academic adviser who has patiently
guided the researcher,
6. All of the lecturers of English Department, for precious knowledge and
experiences given to her,
vii
7. His dearest mother and father “Mr. Lasito and Mrs. Rubiyah”. Who
have supported and guided him.
8. His beloved brothers and sisters. Thank for giving him a support, I love
you.
9. His beloved nieces and nephew. Thank for laugh, support, and love.
10. His best friend in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Thank for
laugh and the days we have shared together,
11. His dearest friends in EDSO, all generations, support, pray, laugh like a
family,
12. His close friend, thank for giving him supports and pray.
13. All of the people, who can’t be mentioned one by one, than for
everything.
Deep down in the researcher’s heart, she realized that this research paper is
so far from being perfect. The researcher invites comments and suggestion from
the readers for the betterment of this research paper. Hopefully, this research
paper will be useful for those who are interested in investigating learning
strategies.
Wassalamu’alaikumWr. Wb.
Surakarta, 31 October 2016
Arga Kurniawan KMA
A 320 122 007
viii
ABSTRAK
Arga Kurniawan KMA. A 320 122 007. SOCIOPRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF
COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES USED IN THE FAULT IN OUR STARS.
Research Paper. School of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta. 2016.
Kalimat commissive adalah salah satu bagian dari speech act. Dalam
kalimat commissive, penutur berkehendak melakukan suatu perbuatan yang di
katakannya di masa mendatang. Peneletian ini menganalisa kalimat commissive
yang digunakan oleh para pemeran dalam film yang berjudul “The Fault in Our
Stars”. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi jenis kalimat
commissive dalam film yang berjudul “The Fault in Our Stars”, (2)
mendiskripsikan jenis implikatur yang muncul dalam kalimat commissive, (3) dan
mencari jenis pelanggaran maxim yang dilanggar oleh penutur.
Jenis metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif karena data yang
dianalisis berbentuk kata-kata. Sumber data penelitian ini di ambil dari film yang
berjudul “The Fault in Our Stars”. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode
dokumentasi dengan mempelejari transkrip dari fim tersebut untuk menganalisa
data. Data dalam penelitian ini di analisa menggunakan beberapa teori, kalimat
commissive di analisa dengan merujuk pada teori Searle, implikatur dan
pelanggaran maxim dari kalimat commissive di analisa dengan merujuk pada teori
Grice.
Menurut teori Saerle terdapat enam kategori kalimat commissive yaitu
janji, penolakan, garansi, ancaman, tawaran, dan relawan. Penelitian ini
menemukan 20 data kalimat commissive yang terdapat dalam film tersebut. Data
tersebut adalah kalimat janji 30%, garansi 30%, penolakan 10%, ancaman 10%,
tawaran 15%, dan relawan 5%. Jenis kalimat commissive yang paling banyak
digunakan dalam film ini adalah kalimat garansi dan janji. Penelitian ini
menemukan 8 dari 20 data yang mengandung implikatur, terdapat 5 data yang
masuk dalam particularized conversational implicature dan 3 data yang masuk
dalam generalized conversational implicature. Dalam pelanggaran maxim,
penelitian ini menumakan 5 dari 20 data yang melanggar maxim, 2 data melanggar
maxim of quantity, 1 data melanggar maxim of quality, 1 data melanggar maxim of
manner , dan 1 data melanggar maxim of relation.
Kata Kunci: tipe kalimat commissive, pelanggaran maxim, implikatur
ix
ABSTRACT
Commissive utterance is one of the classifications of illocutionary speech
act. In the commissive utterance, the speaker commits to himself to do some
future action. This study analyzes the commissive utterances used by the
characters in the movie entitled “The Fault in Our Stars”. The aims of this study
are (1) to find out the types of commissive utterances used in “The Fault in Our
Stars” movie, (2) to find out the types of implicatures of commissive utterances,
(3) and to find out the violation maxim of commissive utterances.
The type of this study is descriptive qualitative method since this study
analyzes the data in the form of words. The data source of this study is taken
from the movie entitled “The Fault in Our Stars”. This study applies
documentation by studying deeply on the movie’s script. The data are analyzed by
using several kinds of theory; types of commissive utterances are analyzed by
referring to Searle’s commissive utterance classification while the implicature and
violating maxim are analyzed by referring to Grice theory.
According to Searle’s theory there are six categories of commissive
utterances, i.e. promise, refuse, guarantee, threat, offer, and volunteer. The
researcher found 20 data of commissiveuterrances. Those are 6 promise 30%, 6
guarantee 30%, 2 refusal 10%, 2 threat 10%, 3 offer 15% and the last is 1
volunteer 5%. The majority of the types of commissive utterances used by the
characters in the movie entitled “The Fault in Our Starts” are guarantee and
promise. The researcher found 8 of 20 data which revealed implicature, there 5
data contain particularized conversational implicature and 3 data contain
generalized conversational implicature. In the violation maxim, the researcher
found 5 of 20 data which violated the maxim, 2 data violated the maxim of
quantity, 1 data violated the maxim of quality, 1 data violated the maxim of
manner, and 1 data violated the maxim of relation.
Keywords: commissive utterances, violating maxim, implicature of commissive
utterance
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page
TITLE .............................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL .................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE ............................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY ................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO .......................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................ xi
LIST OF TABLE .......................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ...................................................... 1
B. Focus of the Study ................................................................ 3
C. Objective of the Study ........................................................... 3
D. Benefit of the Study ............................................................... 3
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................ 4
A. Underlying Theory.................................................................. 4
1. Pragmatic .......................................................................... 5
2. Sociopragmatic.................................................................. 5
3. Speech Act ........................................................................ 6
4. Pragmatic Context .............................................................. 8
5. Commissive Utterances..................................................... 9
6. Implicature ...................................................................... 12
xi
7. Cooperative Principle ...................................................... 14
B. Previous Study ...................................................................... 17
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ....................................................... 20
A. Research Type........................................................................ 20
B. Object and Data ..................................................................... 20
C. Method of Collecting Data .................................................... 20
D. Technique of Analyzing Data ................................................ 21
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ..................... 22
A. Data Analysis ......................................................................... 22
1. Types of Commisive Utterances ...................................... 23
2. The Implicatureof Commisive Utterances ...................... 37
3. Violation Maximof Commisive Utterances .................... 44
B. Discussion ............................................................................. 47
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................... 51
A. Conclusion ............................................................................. 51
B. Suggestion .............................................................................. 52
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 53
APPENDIX ...................................................................................................... 55
xii
LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 4.1 ........................................................................................................... 22
Table 4.2 ........................................................................................................... 48
Table 4.3 ........................................................................................................... 49
Table 4.4 ........................................................................................................... 50
xiii
UTTERANCES USED IN THE FAULT IN OUR STARS
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
ARGA KURNIAWAN KMA
A 320 122 007
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
“And He found you lost and guided you,”
(Quran 93:7)
How can we win, when fools can be king?
Don’t waste your time, or time will waste you
(Matthew James Bellamy)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
The greatest ones Allah SWT
His beloved parents Mr. Lasito and Mrs. Rubiyah, my beloved brothers
and sisters, and my big family. Thanks for your full support and bless.
All of the members of EDSO UMS 2012
His friends (Rudy, Rezky, Richo, Herlina, Irin, Firda, Risma, Vernanda,
Deby.
Especially, SintaDewi R, thanks for everything that you have done to
support him.
His friends in Department of English Education who cannot mentioned
one by one in helping the writer in finishing this research paper.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AssalamualaikumWarahmatullahiWabarakatuh.
In the name of Allah the most gracious and the most merciful, I would like
to say thank to Allah SWT the almighty for mercy and blessing for the writer in
making research paper to fulfill one of requirement for the undergraduate degree
of education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The writer finally
completes her research paper entitled “SOCIOPRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF
COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES USED IN THE FAULT IN OUR STARS”.
Sholawatand salamare also given to our great prophet Muhammad SAW
who brought the mankind from the darkness into the lightness. In finishing this
research paper, the writer find some problems and obstacles. so that this research
paper cannot be finished without help from the others who give support, guidance,
suggestion, and constructive criticism. Finally the writer would like to express her
thanks for those who helped him.
1. Prof. Dr. HarunJokoPrayitno, the Dean of the School of Teacher
Training and Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. MaulyHalwatHikmat, Ph.D, the Chief of Department of English
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
3. Aryati Prasetyarini, S. Pd, M. Pd, the Secretary of Department of
English Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
4. Dra. SitiZuhriahAriatmi, M. Hum as a consultant who has given the
research guidance, suggestion, and correction wisely during the
completion of this research paper.
5. TitisSetyabudi, S.S., M.Hum., the academic adviser who has patiently
guided the researcher,
6. All of the lecturers of English Department, for precious knowledge and
experiences given to her,
vii
7. His dearest mother and father “Mr. Lasito and Mrs. Rubiyah”. Who
have supported and guided him.
8. His beloved brothers and sisters. Thank for giving him a support, I love
you.
9. His beloved nieces and nephew. Thank for laugh, support, and love.
10. His best friend in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Thank for
laugh and the days we have shared together,
11. His dearest friends in EDSO, all generations, support, pray, laugh like a
family,
12. His close friend, thank for giving him supports and pray.
13. All of the people, who can’t be mentioned one by one, than for
everything.
Deep down in the researcher’s heart, she realized that this research paper is
so far from being perfect. The researcher invites comments and suggestion from
the readers for the betterment of this research paper. Hopefully, this research
paper will be useful for those who are interested in investigating learning
strategies.
Wassalamu’alaikumWr. Wb.
Surakarta, 31 October 2016
Arga Kurniawan KMA
A 320 122 007
viii
ABSTRAK
Arga Kurniawan KMA. A 320 122 007. SOCIOPRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF
COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES USED IN THE FAULT IN OUR STARS.
Research Paper. School of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta. 2016.
Kalimat commissive adalah salah satu bagian dari speech act. Dalam
kalimat commissive, penutur berkehendak melakukan suatu perbuatan yang di
katakannya di masa mendatang. Peneletian ini menganalisa kalimat commissive
yang digunakan oleh para pemeran dalam film yang berjudul “The Fault in Our
Stars”. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi jenis kalimat
commissive dalam film yang berjudul “The Fault in Our Stars”, (2)
mendiskripsikan jenis implikatur yang muncul dalam kalimat commissive, (3) dan
mencari jenis pelanggaran maxim yang dilanggar oleh penutur.
Jenis metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif karena data yang
dianalisis berbentuk kata-kata. Sumber data penelitian ini di ambil dari film yang
berjudul “The Fault in Our Stars”. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode
dokumentasi dengan mempelejari transkrip dari fim tersebut untuk menganalisa
data. Data dalam penelitian ini di analisa menggunakan beberapa teori, kalimat
commissive di analisa dengan merujuk pada teori Searle, implikatur dan
pelanggaran maxim dari kalimat commissive di analisa dengan merujuk pada teori
Grice.
Menurut teori Saerle terdapat enam kategori kalimat commissive yaitu
janji, penolakan, garansi, ancaman, tawaran, dan relawan. Penelitian ini
menemukan 20 data kalimat commissive yang terdapat dalam film tersebut. Data
tersebut adalah kalimat janji 30%, garansi 30%, penolakan 10%, ancaman 10%,
tawaran 15%, dan relawan 5%. Jenis kalimat commissive yang paling banyak
digunakan dalam film ini adalah kalimat garansi dan janji. Penelitian ini
menemukan 8 dari 20 data yang mengandung implikatur, terdapat 5 data yang
masuk dalam particularized conversational implicature dan 3 data yang masuk
dalam generalized conversational implicature. Dalam pelanggaran maxim,
penelitian ini menumakan 5 dari 20 data yang melanggar maxim, 2 data melanggar
maxim of quantity, 1 data melanggar maxim of quality, 1 data melanggar maxim of
manner , dan 1 data melanggar maxim of relation.
Kata Kunci: tipe kalimat commissive, pelanggaran maxim, implikatur
ix
ABSTRACT
Commissive utterance is one of the classifications of illocutionary speech
act. In the commissive utterance, the speaker commits to himself to do some
future action. This study analyzes the commissive utterances used by the
characters in the movie entitled “The Fault in Our Stars”. The aims of this study
are (1) to find out the types of commissive utterances used in “The Fault in Our
Stars” movie, (2) to find out the types of implicatures of commissive utterances,
(3) and to find out the violation maxim of commissive utterances.
The type of this study is descriptive qualitative method since this study
analyzes the data in the form of words. The data source of this study is taken
from the movie entitled “The Fault in Our Stars”. This study applies
documentation by studying deeply on the movie’s script. The data are analyzed by
using several kinds of theory; types of commissive utterances are analyzed by
referring to Searle’s commissive utterance classification while the implicature and
violating maxim are analyzed by referring to Grice theory.
According to Searle’s theory there are six categories of commissive
utterances, i.e. promise, refuse, guarantee, threat, offer, and volunteer. The
researcher found 20 data of commissiveuterrances. Those are 6 promise 30%, 6
guarantee 30%, 2 refusal 10%, 2 threat 10%, 3 offer 15% and the last is 1
volunteer 5%. The majority of the types of commissive utterances used by the
characters in the movie entitled “The Fault in Our Starts” are guarantee and
promise. The researcher found 8 of 20 data which revealed implicature, there 5
data contain particularized conversational implicature and 3 data contain
generalized conversational implicature. In the violation maxim, the researcher
found 5 of 20 data which violated the maxim, 2 data violated the maxim of
quantity, 1 data violated the maxim of quality, 1 data violated the maxim of
manner, and 1 data violated the maxim of relation.
Keywords: commissive utterances, violating maxim, implicature of commissive
utterance
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page
TITLE .............................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL .................................................................................................... ii
ACCEPTANCE ............................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY ................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO .......................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION .................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................ xi
LIST OF TABLE .......................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ...................................................... 1
B. Focus of the Study ................................................................ 3
C. Objective of the Study ........................................................... 3
D. Benefit of the Study ............................................................... 3
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................ 4
A. Underlying Theory.................................................................. 4
1. Pragmatic .......................................................................... 5
2. Sociopragmatic.................................................................. 5
3. Speech Act ........................................................................ 6
4. Pragmatic Context .............................................................. 8
5. Commissive Utterances..................................................... 9
6. Implicature ...................................................................... 12
xi
7. Cooperative Principle ...................................................... 14
B. Previous Study ...................................................................... 17
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ....................................................... 20
A. Research Type........................................................................ 20
B. Object and Data ..................................................................... 20
C. Method of Collecting Data .................................................... 20
D. Technique of Analyzing Data ................................................ 21
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ..................... 22
A. Data Analysis ......................................................................... 22
1. Types of Commisive Utterances ...................................... 23
2. The Implicatureof Commisive Utterances ...................... 37
3. Violation Maximof Commisive Utterances .................... 44
B. Discussion ............................................................................. 47
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................... 51
A. Conclusion ............................................................................. 51
B. Suggestion .............................................................................. 52
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 53
APPENDIX ...................................................................................................... 55
xii
LIST OF TABLE
Page
Table 4.1 ........................................................................................................... 22
Table 4.2 ........................................................................................................... 48
Table 4.3 ........................................................................................................... 49
Table 4.4 ........................................................................................................... 50
xiii