REBELLION REFLECTED IN VERONICA ROTH’S DIVERGENT (2011): A MARXIST THEORY Rebellion Reflected In Veronica Roth’s Divergent (2011): A Marxist Theory.
REBELLION REFLECTED IN VERONICA ROTH’S DIVERGENT (2011):
A MARXIST THEORY
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
IRFAN REJIANSYAH
A 320 120 220
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
APPROVAL
REBELLION REFLECTED IN VERONICA ROTH’S DIVERGENT (2011):
A MARXIST THEORY
RESEARCH PAPER
Written by:
IRFAN REJIANSYAH
A320120220
Approved to examined by
The Consultant:
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed.
NIK. 772
ii
ACCEPTANCE
REBELLION REFLECTED IN VERONICA ROTH’S
DIVERGENT (2011): A MARXIST THEORY
By:
IRFAN REJIANSYAH
A320120220
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
on December 2016
The Board of Examiners
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed.
(
)
(
)
(
)
(First Examiner)
2. Dr. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
(Second Examiner)
3. Titis Setyabudi, SS., M.Hum.
(Third Examiner)
Dean,
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum.
NIP. 196505288199303 1001
iii
TESTIMONY
The undersigned below,
Name
: Irfan Rejiansyah
NIM
: A320120220
Program
: Department of English Education
Title
: Rebellion Reflected in Veronica Roth’s Divergent (2011): A Marxist
Theory
I declare that in this research paper there is no plagiarism of the previous
literary works which have been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a certain
university, nor there are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or
published by others, except those in which the writing are referred in the manuscript
and mentioned in literary review and bibliography.
Hence later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, 15 December 2016
Irfan Rejiansyah
A320120220
iv
MOTTO
“Work hard, play hard.”
“Intelligence is not the measurement, but intelligence support all.”
”Telling the truth is a simple way to have a peaceful of life.”
“Education is the best equipment for the old day.”
“Be a loner. That gives you time to wonder, to search for the truth. Have holy
curiosity. Make your life worth living.”
~Albert Einstein~
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is proudly dedicated to:
Mother and Father
Brothers
Friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokaatuh.
All praises is always for the God Almighty, Allah SWT who always give us
wonderful mercy and bless to complete this research paper entitled “Rebellion
Reflected in Veronica Roth’s Divergent (2011):a Marxist Theory”. Peace and mercy
is always for our prophet Muhammad SAW who guides us from the darkness to the
lightness.
The researcher realizes that many people had given their hand for suggestion
and help for finishing this research paper. He is thankful to everyone who deserves to
receive and appreciation to the following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., as the Dean of School of Teacher
Training and Education Faculty in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat S.Pd., M.Hum., Ph.D. as the Head of English
Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
3. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed., Phil. Dr. as the consultant who has
guided the researcher,
4. Titis Setyabudi, SS as the academic consultant,
5. All the lecturers of English Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
for the more knowledge that have shared to him,
6. His beloved of life, Mr. Suraji, SE., MM. and Mrs. Sri Sumiyati who always
give love, care, motivation, spirit and everything to him, thanks so much,
7. His brothers, Fredian Rejiansyah, Solikhul Huda and Madiyanto thanks for
support and effort,
8. His big family who always give support to him,
9. His friends Rosin, Zahrul, Arii, May, Nurul, Dewi, Wisnu, Satria, Zulfikar,
Ichal, Bagas, Sofyan, Agung, thanks for the solidarity, unity and jokes.
10. His friends in Department of English Education Class E, thanks for the
experiences and happiness.
vii
Thank you for unforgotten contribution during the research paper writing
process.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokaatuh.
Surakarta, 15 December 2016
Irfan Rejiansyah
A320120220
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ........................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL .............................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .........................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ............................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .....................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...........................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................
ix
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................
xii
ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ..........................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ..............................................
1
B. Literature Review .........................................................
7
C. Problem Statement .......................................................
9
D. Limitation of the Study.................................................
9
E. Objective of the Study ..................................................
9
F. Benefit of the Study ......................................................
9
G. Research Method ..........................................................
10
H. Research Organization... ..............................................
11
CHAPTER II : UNDERLYING THEORY ............................................
12
A. Notion of Marxist Theory.............................................
12
B. Major Principle of Marxism Theory ............................
13
1.
Dialectical Materialism .........................................
13
2.
Historical Materialism ...........................................
13
3.
Class Struggle ........................................................
14
ix
4. Alienation ..............................................................
14
5. Revolution .............................................................
14
C. The Notion of Rebellion ...............................................
15
D. Structural element of the novel ....................................
16
1. Character and characterizations ............................
16
2. Theme ....................................................................
17
3. Plot ........................................................................
18
4. Setting....................................................................
19
5. Point of View ........................................................
19
6. Style .......................................................................
21
7. Theoretical Application .........................................
23
CHAPTER III : SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF AMERICA IN THE
BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY ...................
24
A. Social Aspect ................................................................
24
B. Economic Aspect ..........................................................
25
C. Political Aspect.............................................................
26
D. Cultural Aspect .............................................................
27
E. Religious Aspect...........................................................
30
F. The Bioghraphy of Veronica Roth ..............................
31
CHAPTER IV :
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS.....................................
35
A. Structural Element ........................................................
35
1. Character and Characterization .............................
35
2. Setting....................................................................
44
3. Plot ........................................................................
48
4. Point of View ........................................................
56
B. Discussion ....................................................................
65
CHAPTER V : MARXIST ANALYSIS ..................................................
68
A. Marxist Analysis...........................................................
68
1. Dialectical Materialism ..........................................
68
x
2. Historical Materialism ............................................
70
3. Alienation ...............................................................
72
4. Class Struggle .........................................................
74
5. Revolution ..............................................................
76
B. Discussion ....................................................................
79
CHAPTER VI : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ........................
82
A. Conclusion ....................................................................
82
B. Suggestion ....................................................................
83
C. Pedagogical Implication ...............................................
84
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xi
Abstrak
Irfan Rejiansyah, A320120220, Rebellion Reflected In Veronica Roth’s
Divergent (2011):a Marxist Theory, Skripsi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Oktober 2016.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pemberontakan yang terjadi pada novel
The Divergent (2011) karya Veronica Roth dengan menggunakan pendekatan
Marxist. Novel The Divergent (2011) dianalisa dengan mengacu pada dua objek:
pertama yaitu analisa yang berdasar elemen struktural, dan yang kedua yaitu
analisa mengenai rebellion dengan menggunakan pendekatan Marxist. Penelitian ini
menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua
sumber data. Yang pertama yaitu novel The Divergent (2011) karya Veronica Roth
sebagai sumber utama. Sumber data kedua diambil dari buku, biografi penulis,
jurnal, sumber internet yang berhubungan dengan penelitian. Dua jenis data
diperoleh melalui perpustakaan yang dianalisa menggunakan analisa deskriptif.
Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut, peneliti menyimpulkan beberapa kesimpulan.
Pertama yaitu elemen struktural novel yang diperoleh melalui karakter dan
karakterisasi, seting tempat dan waktu, plot, sudut pandang, dan tema yang tersusun
menjadi satu sebagai cerita dalam novel. Kedua, yang berdasar pada pendekatan
Marxist dalam materialisme dialektis, sejarah materialisme, perjuangan kelas,
keterasingan, revolusi dan pemberontakan yang terjadi pada karakter utama dan
karakter lainnya dalam novel The Divergent (2011).
Kata kunci: pemberontakan, elemen struktural novel, pendekatan Marxist
xii
Abstract
Irfan Rejiansyah, A320120220, Rebellion Reflected In Veronica Roth’s
Divergent (2011):a Marxist Theory, Research Paper, School of Teacher
Training and Education. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, October
2016
This study is aimed to reveal the rebellion in The Divergent (2011) novel by
Veronica Roth by using Marxist approach. The Divergent (2011). The analysis is
done by determining two objects: the first is analyzing the novel based on the
structural elements, and the second is analyzing the problem of rebellion by using
Marxist approach. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. There are two
types of data sources. The source of primary data is Veronica Roth’s The Divergent
(2011) novel. The secondary data sources are from books, biography of the author,
journals, and internet sources related to the study. The two kinds of data collected
through library research and analyzed with descriptive analysis. Based on the
research, the researcher draws the following conclusions. The first, the structural
element of the novel described the character and characterization, setting of place
and time, plot, point of view, and theme. It formed into one unity in a novel story. The
second, based on Marxist approach in dialectical, historical, class struggle,
alienation, revolution and the rebellion was revealed with other descriptions of
Marxist the major character and the others reflected in The Divergent (2011) novel.
Keywords: rebellion, structural elements of novel, Marxist approach
xiii
A MARXIST THEORY
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
IRFAN REJIANSYAH
A 320 120 220
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
APPROVAL
REBELLION REFLECTED IN VERONICA ROTH’S DIVERGENT (2011):
A MARXIST THEORY
RESEARCH PAPER
Written by:
IRFAN REJIANSYAH
A320120220
Approved to examined by
The Consultant:
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed.
NIK. 772
ii
ACCEPTANCE
REBELLION REFLECTED IN VERONICA ROTH’S
DIVERGENT (2011): A MARXIST THEORY
By:
IRFAN REJIANSYAH
A320120220
Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
on December 2016
The Board of Examiners
1. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed.
(
)
(
)
(
)
(First Examiner)
2. Dr. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
(Second Examiner)
3. Titis Setyabudi, SS., M.Hum.
(Third Examiner)
Dean,
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum.
NIP. 196505288199303 1001
iii
TESTIMONY
The undersigned below,
Name
: Irfan Rejiansyah
NIM
: A320120220
Program
: Department of English Education
Title
: Rebellion Reflected in Veronica Roth’s Divergent (2011): A Marxist
Theory
I declare that in this research paper there is no plagiarism of the previous
literary works which have been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a certain
university, nor there are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or
published by others, except those in which the writing are referred in the manuscript
and mentioned in literary review and bibliography.
Hence later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this
testimony, I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, 15 December 2016
Irfan Rejiansyah
A320120220
iv
MOTTO
“Work hard, play hard.”
“Intelligence is not the measurement, but intelligence support all.”
”Telling the truth is a simple way to have a peaceful of life.”
“Education is the best equipment for the old day.”
“Be a loner. That gives you time to wonder, to search for the truth. Have holy
curiosity. Make your life worth living.”
~Albert Einstein~
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is proudly dedicated to:
Mother and Father
Brothers
Friends
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokaatuh.
All praises is always for the God Almighty, Allah SWT who always give us
wonderful mercy and bless to complete this research paper entitled “Rebellion
Reflected in Veronica Roth’s Divergent (2011):a Marxist Theory”. Peace and mercy
is always for our prophet Muhammad SAW who guides us from the darkness to the
lightness.
The researcher realizes that many people had given their hand for suggestion
and help for finishing this research paper. He is thankful to everyone who deserves to
receive and appreciation to the following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., as the Dean of School of Teacher
Training and Education Faculty in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat S.Pd., M.Hum., Ph.D. as the Head of English
Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
3. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed., Phil. Dr. as the consultant who has
guided the researcher,
4. Titis Setyabudi, SS as the academic consultant,
5. All the lecturers of English Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
for the more knowledge that have shared to him,
6. His beloved of life, Mr. Suraji, SE., MM. and Mrs. Sri Sumiyati who always
give love, care, motivation, spirit and everything to him, thanks so much,
7. His brothers, Fredian Rejiansyah, Solikhul Huda and Madiyanto thanks for
support and effort,
8. His big family who always give support to him,
9. His friends Rosin, Zahrul, Arii, May, Nurul, Dewi, Wisnu, Satria, Zulfikar,
Ichal, Bagas, Sofyan, Agung, thanks for the solidarity, unity and jokes.
10. His friends in Department of English Education Class E, thanks for the
experiences and happiness.
vii
Thank you for unforgotten contribution during the research paper writing
process.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokaatuh.
Surakarta, 15 December 2016
Irfan Rejiansyah
A320120220
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ........................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL .............................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .........................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ............................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .....................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...........................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................
ix
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................
xii
ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ..........................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ..............................................
1
B. Literature Review .........................................................
7
C. Problem Statement .......................................................
9
D. Limitation of the Study.................................................
9
E. Objective of the Study ..................................................
9
F. Benefit of the Study ......................................................
9
G. Research Method ..........................................................
10
H. Research Organization... ..............................................
11
CHAPTER II : UNDERLYING THEORY ............................................
12
A. Notion of Marxist Theory.............................................
12
B. Major Principle of Marxism Theory ............................
13
1.
Dialectical Materialism .........................................
13
2.
Historical Materialism ...........................................
13
3.
Class Struggle ........................................................
14
ix
4. Alienation ..............................................................
14
5. Revolution .............................................................
14
C. The Notion of Rebellion ...............................................
15
D. Structural element of the novel ....................................
16
1. Character and characterizations ............................
16
2. Theme ....................................................................
17
3. Plot ........................................................................
18
4. Setting....................................................................
19
5. Point of View ........................................................
19
6. Style .......................................................................
21
7. Theoretical Application .........................................
23
CHAPTER III : SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF AMERICA IN THE
BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY ...................
24
A. Social Aspect ................................................................
24
B. Economic Aspect ..........................................................
25
C. Political Aspect.............................................................
26
D. Cultural Aspect .............................................................
27
E. Religious Aspect...........................................................
30
F. The Bioghraphy of Veronica Roth ..............................
31
CHAPTER IV :
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS.....................................
35
A. Structural Element ........................................................
35
1. Character and Characterization .............................
35
2. Setting....................................................................
44
3. Plot ........................................................................
48
4. Point of View ........................................................
56
B. Discussion ....................................................................
65
CHAPTER V : MARXIST ANALYSIS ..................................................
68
A. Marxist Analysis...........................................................
68
1. Dialectical Materialism ..........................................
68
x
2. Historical Materialism ............................................
70
3. Alienation ...............................................................
72
4. Class Struggle .........................................................
74
5. Revolution ..............................................................
76
B. Discussion ....................................................................
79
CHAPTER VI : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ........................
82
A. Conclusion ....................................................................
82
B. Suggestion ....................................................................
83
C. Pedagogical Implication ...............................................
84
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xi
Abstrak
Irfan Rejiansyah, A320120220, Rebellion Reflected In Veronica Roth’s
Divergent (2011):a Marxist Theory, Skripsi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Oktober 2016.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pemberontakan yang terjadi pada novel
The Divergent (2011) karya Veronica Roth dengan menggunakan pendekatan
Marxist. Novel The Divergent (2011) dianalisa dengan mengacu pada dua objek:
pertama yaitu analisa yang berdasar elemen struktural, dan yang kedua yaitu
analisa mengenai rebellion dengan menggunakan pendekatan Marxist. Penelitian ini
menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua
sumber data. Yang pertama yaitu novel The Divergent (2011) karya Veronica Roth
sebagai sumber utama. Sumber data kedua diambil dari buku, biografi penulis,
jurnal, sumber internet yang berhubungan dengan penelitian. Dua jenis data
diperoleh melalui perpustakaan yang dianalisa menggunakan analisa deskriptif.
Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut, peneliti menyimpulkan beberapa kesimpulan.
Pertama yaitu elemen struktural novel yang diperoleh melalui karakter dan
karakterisasi, seting tempat dan waktu, plot, sudut pandang, dan tema yang tersusun
menjadi satu sebagai cerita dalam novel. Kedua, yang berdasar pada pendekatan
Marxist dalam materialisme dialektis, sejarah materialisme, perjuangan kelas,
keterasingan, revolusi dan pemberontakan yang terjadi pada karakter utama dan
karakter lainnya dalam novel The Divergent (2011).
Kata kunci: pemberontakan, elemen struktural novel, pendekatan Marxist
xii
Abstract
Irfan Rejiansyah, A320120220, Rebellion Reflected In Veronica Roth’s
Divergent (2011):a Marxist Theory, Research Paper, School of Teacher
Training and Education. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, October
2016
This study is aimed to reveal the rebellion in The Divergent (2011) novel by
Veronica Roth by using Marxist approach. The Divergent (2011). The analysis is
done by determining two objects: the first is analyzing the novel based on the
structural elements, and the second is analyzing the problem of rebellion by using
Marxist approach. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. There are two
types of data sources. The source of primary data is Veronica Roth’s The Divergent
(2011) novel. The secondary data sources are from books, biography of the author,
journals, and internet sources related to the study. The two kinds of data collected
through library research and analyzed with descriptive analysis. Based on the
research, the researcher draws the following conclusions. The first, the structural
element of the novel described the character and characterization, setting of place
and time, plot, point of view, and theme. It formed into one unity in a novel story. The
second, based on Marxist approach in dialectical, historical, class struggle,
alienation, revolution and the rebellion was revealed with other descriptions of
Marxist the major character and the others reflected in The Divergent (2011) novel.
Keywords: rebellion, structural elements of novel, Marxist approach
xiii