Study on Efficacy of Methionine Addition in Laying Hens Fed Corn-Soy-Palm Kernel Based Diet

ISBN: 978-979-25-9572-7

PROCEEDinGS

InTE RnATiOnAl SEminAR
The pt International Seminar and the 7th Biennial Meeting
of Indonesian Nutrition and Feed Science Association

lointEy organiz ea 6y:
FACULTY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, JENDERAL
SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY, PURWOKERTO
INDONESIA
INDONESIAN NUTRITION AND FEED SCIENCE
ASSOCIATION (AINI)

Proceedings International Seminar
h
st
The 1 International Seminar and the i Biennial Meeting of Indonesian Nutrition and
Feed Science Association (Purwokerto, 18-19 July, 2009)

"EMPOWERMENT OF LOCAL FEEDS TO SUPPORT FEED SECURITY"
First Edition
Purwokerto, 2010
ISBN: 978-979-25-9572-7

Editors:
Ali Agus (Gadjah Mada University)
E. R. ¢rskov (Rowett Research Institute-England)
A. R. Alimon (University Putra Malaysia-Malaysia)
Caribu Hadi Prayitno (Jenderal Soedirman University)
Nahrowi Ramli (Bogor Agricultural University)
Juni Sumarmono (Jenderal Soedirman University)
Ning Iriyanti (Jenderal Soedirman University)
Titin Widiyastuti (Jenderal Soedirman University)
Setya Agus Santosa (Jenderal Soedirman University)

Reviewer:
Sri Suhermiyati
Akhmad Sodiq
Suwarno

Nunung Noor Hidayat
Pambudi Yuwono

Jointly Published by:
Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University (UNSOED)
and
Indonesian Nutrition and Feed Science Association (AINI)

Printed by:
UNSOED-Press
JI. Prof. Dr. Bunyamin, Grendeng, Purwokerto,
Central Java, INDONESIA 53122
II

PREFACE

Let us tha nk to God the Almighty, because of His amazing grace, this proceeding was
st

completed . This book consists of articles presented during The 1 International Seminar and

the

i

h

Biennial Meeting of Indonesian Nutrition and Feed Science Association on the

Empowerment of Local Feeds to Support Feed Security are held by the Indonesian Nutrition
and Feed Science Association in collaboration with Faculty of Animal Science, UNSOED. The
objectives of this event were, among others, to provide a forum for sharing and exchanging
new information and technology, discussing the way how to attain a sustainable agriculture in
supporting animal feed security and also establishing a new contact, renewing friendship and
network among participants.
During the two-day meeting, reviewed papers from invited speakers as well scientific
papers from the participants were discussed and presented in the sessions of supporting
paper and poster presentations. Selected papers were published in the Journal of the
Indonesian Nutrition and Feed Science Association (AINI). The meeting was attended by
around 250

participants coming from the UK, Malaysia, and Indonesia . They are 96 % from

universities, 4 % from research institutes, and the rest from government representatives and
private companies . On behalf of the organizing comm ittee, we would like to extend our great
appreciation to all parties (sponsor, companies, and institution) for invaluable assistances and
supports to the success of this seminar .

Purwokerto, July 2010
Chair of the Organizing Committee
Dr. Sri Suhermiyati

III

REMARKS OF THE CHAIRMAN OF AINI

Assalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.,
AINI that was firstly established in 1996 with the objective to gather all of the animal
nutrition and feed scientists in Indonesia permitting the exchange of knowledge and
experiences under spirit of brotherhood, to stimulate the advancement of science and
technology in nutrition and feed science, thus benefiting to the competitiveness of animal

agribusiness. At the beginning, AINI scientific meeting was held, every year (1996, 1997) but
due to the economic crisis in 1998, the meeting was held biannually. The first three scientific
meetings were held in IPB Bogor (2001), while the next was conducted respectively in UNDIP
Semarang (2003), UNIBRAW Malang (2005), and UGM Yogyakarta (2007).
h
The 2009 meeting is the i meeting, organized by AINI members from Purwokerto
especially from the Faculty of Animal Science UNSOED with the theme "Empowerment of
st
local feeds to suport feed security" The actual meeting is declared as "The 1 International
h
Seminar and i biennial meeting of AINI" This International seminar was firstly inspired by
the fact that AINI has great potential to do so and it is now to show AINI member's scientific
activities then ever to the stakeholders. Secondly, there is a political will of the government
by offering the competitive grant for every profesional association to conduct the
international symposium, and recently we have the good news that AINI is announced to get
this competitive grant from Directorate General of Higher Education.
I would like also to take this opportunity to share the idea with all you, that AINI as the
organization of scientist, to have a international scientific journal is a must. The journal deals
with all aspects of nutrition and feed issues in tropical conditions. The Management board of
AINI has taken the decision for revitalizing the AINI Journal to become the Journal of Nutrition

and Feed Science, internationally recognized, by involving the International committee of
lecture as the reviewers. To this end, we need fully your support and encourage the scientists
especially the young scientists to publish their work in English. The accomplishment of this
task will bring the association more respected in national and international level.
My sincere thanks to the Dean of the Faculty of Animal Science UNSOED, the
organizing committee, sponsors, and any parties that can not be listed since we are deeply
indebt to all of your effort and sacrifice to the success of this seminar. Our sincere thanks
must go to the Directorate General for Higher Education Department of National Education
for the grant awarded. For our invited speakers, Prof. Orskov from MLURI UK, Prof. AR Alimon
from UPM Malaysia, Prof. Marsetyo, Dr. Didiek J. Rachbani, and Dr. Desianto from Indonesia,
we are indebt to your effort and participation. Your views will enlighten and inspire how to
empower our local feed resources in sustaining the feed security for the future.

Wassalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.
Purwokerto, July 2010
Dr. Ali Agus
IV

ISBN 978-979-25-9572-7
TABEL OF CONTENTS

KEYNOTE PAPERS
Strategy for the development of feed. The Director of Non Ruminant Management, Department of
Agriculture of Republic of Indonesia ..... ..... ....
. ... ........................ ...... .................................. .
Improving feedstuff supp ly and quantity with an emphasis on plant and animal breeding multiculture
and agroforestry. E.R. 0rskov, PJ. Goddard, Kustantinah........ .... ... .. ... ......... ......... ............. ... .. ..

5

Strategies to meet feed requirement of smallholder beef cattle toward the acceleration of beef self
sufficiency program. Marsetyo, Damry, Dahlanuddin, Dicky Pamungkas, Esnawan
Budisantoso, Takdir Saili ....... ..... ....... '" ............ ...... ..... .......... .. ... ........ .... ...... ................. ...............
Poultry production and the potency of local raw material s usage in Indonesia. Desianto. ...... ........ ..........

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FEEDSTUFF PAPERS
The study of use binders on complete feed block processing on physical and chemical quality. Emmy
Susanti, Titin Widiyastuti and Munasik..................... .. .......... .. .......... ...... .... .... .. .... .......................

Fishmeal quality improvement through antihistamine producer bacteria fermentation. Ning Iriyanti,
Budi Rustomo, Etk.a Aris R. .......... ....................... .......... ...... .................. ............ ........ .. ........ .......
Amino acid indexes of earthworm and earthworm meal (Lumbricus rubellus) for animal feedstuff.
Ahmad Sotyan, Lusty Istiqomah, Ema Damayanti and Hardi lulendra ........ ..... ....... .... ...............
The effect of transfer of capsulated omega-3 and l-camitine suplementation on fatty acid
concentration offresh and grilled goat meat. Sudibya, Titin Widyastuti and R .S. Santoso ........
Improving the in vitro nutrient digestibility of ration based on local waste fermented by rumen liquor
and enzyme complex. I Made Mudita, Anak Agung Putu Putra Wibawa, I Wayan Wirawan
and Ni Wayan Siti. ........................................................................................................................
The evaluation of nutrient quality of ramie leaf silage and hay in complete mixed ration for etawahcrossbreed goat using in vitro technique . Hutabarat, I.M.L., Mutia, R., Pem1ana, I.G. and
Despa1.................... ..... ......................... ................. .. .... ......... .. ........................................................
Study of feedstuff storage durability using carbondioxyde gas. Tri Rahardjo Sutardi ..............................
The utilization of microorgani sms cultures as starter in ensi lage process to increase organoleptic value
and chemical composition of sedge grass (Imperata cylindrica) silage. Ni Gusti Ketut
Roni and I Made Mudita .. ............... .. ........................ ........................ ........ ............. ......... ......
Technical effect and drying time on the quality of ramie (Boehmeria Nivea, L. Gaud) leaf hay. N.D.
Asti, I.G.Permana, Suryahadi and Despal. .......................................·...... .. ........................ ............
Acid value and amount of microbe of feedstuf suplemented by antimicrobial agent pseudomonas
fluorescens strain fncc-070 during storage. Titin Widiyastuti, Nina Hastiani, Sudibya. ..............
Performances of lactating dairy cows fed macerated alfalfa forage as part of complete feed. Suwamo..

Performances of king grass (Pennisetum purpoides) at fourth defoliation under the influence of urea
and manure fertilizers. Eko Hendarto and Suwamo. .... .............. .. ........ ......... ................. .............
Fermentation technology on high fiber feedstuffs with Aspergillus niger and lab-cellulolitic mixed (clab-m) as ducks rations. Ali Agus, Ema Winarti, Ade Wicaksono and Rosita.............................
Frecuency of application organic fluid fertilizer on yield, and nutrition concentration of elephant grass
of Thailand variety. Nur Hidayat and Ballrun............... ..... ....... ..... ......................... .. ............... ...
Fermentation of bagasse with Trichoderma v;r;dae and Saccharomyces cereviceae ; it effect on crude
fiber and crude protein degradation as in sacco. Nur Hidayat, dan CaIibu Hadi Prayitno.... .......

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RUMINANT PAPERS
Growth perfoll11ance of bali cattle bull (bos sondaicus) feed fell11ented cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
waste. M. Mast ika I. I.W. Supartha 2. , I.W. Wiranatha and A.W. Puger. ... ....... ..... ......... .... ... .
Effect of saponin as defaunating agent on in vitro rumina I fell11entation of forage and concentrate
Chusnul Hanim, Lies Mira Yusiati and Syamsul Alim......................... ... .... .............. .... .. ...... .. .. ..
The use of cellulo lytic microbes from cattle rumen fluid to improve in vitro digestibility of fell11ented
robusta coffee pulp (CoJ(ea Canephora Sp.). Lies Mira Yusiati, Chusnul Hanim and Fatimah
Az Zahra........ .. ............... ..... ... ......... ... .... .. ..... .... .. ...... .. .... .............................. ..... ... .... ........... ...... .. .

Improving the nutrition quality of complete feeds based on local waste fell11ented by rumen liquor
and enzyme complex. I Made Mudita, Anak Agung Putu Putra Wibawa, I Wayan Wirawan
and Ni Wayan Siti ......... ........................... ................. ... ... ...... ... ..... .. .... ... .................................... ..
Dietary supplementation of vitamin e, Andrographis panicu/ata and turmeric on colour stability of
goats meat. M . Karami, A.R. Alimon, A.Q. Sazili and Y.M. Goh ..... ..... .... ..... .................. .. ........
Feeding the level of protein in the diet on rumen volatile fatty acids, methane and carbon-dioxide of
the male weaned bali calf.
Dicky Pamungkas, Hartutik, Kusmartono
and N.H.
Krishna ....... .. .............. ............................. .. .................................................... .. .......... .. ... .... ...........
Blood chemical profile of Priangan ram that ca-pufa, i-pufa, zn-proteinat and cuproteinat administered in feed. Lovita Adriani, U.Hidayat Tanuwiria, and Andi Mushawwi .....
Utilization of coconut oil and Hibiscus rosasinensis on in vitro products of fermentation and numbers
of protozoa. Suparwi... ..... ........................ ..... .......................... .......... .................................... .......
Supplementing energy and protein source at different rate of degradability basal diet of com waste
and coffee pod on rumen fell11entation kinetic of beef cattle. Dicky Pamungkas, R. Utomo, N.
Ngadiyono and M. Winugroho ..... ....... ................ ........... .... .. ..... ...... ........... .......... ................. . ......
The potency of Jatropha curcas L. seeds waste as protein source in animal feed. Efka Aris
Rimbawanto and Iwan Irawan ........... .... ............. ...... .............. .... ......... ...... ... .. .. ...................... ..... .
The supplementation of morea plus for increasing perfoll11ance of Ettawah crossbred goats fed diet
containing gliricidia green forage . Siti, Ni W. I G. M . A. Sucipta, I.M. Mudita, I.B.G.
Partama and I G.L.O.Cakra .............. ............ .... ....................................... .. ......................... .. ......
The rate of body fat and protein deposition in weaned sheep during resumption of full feeding .
Satrijo Widi Purbojo and Pambudi Yuwono........ .. ... .. .... .. ...... .................... .......... .... ..... .. .... .. ......
Free fatty acids and rate of glucose utilisation in weaned thin-tailed sheep. Pambudi Yuwono ........ .. ....
Goat production system related to local feed resources in Banyumas Indonesia. Akhmad Sodiq .. ...... ... .
The influence of sulfur and ratio of Starbio fennented rice straw and concentrate on rumen
fennentation products . F.M. Suhartati and Wardhana Suryapratama .:.. ....... .... .. ......... ........ ..... ...
Ratio of rice straw treated with urea-cassava waste and concentrate on nutrient utilization of fattening
local male cattle. Muhamad Bata ...... ................. ...... .... ..... ...... ........ ......... ..... ...............................
Nutrien digestibility in Ongole cross breed cattle fed amoniated rice straw and concentrate from
several different sources. Novita Hindratiningrum .......... ........ ...... .. .. .... .. .......................... .... ......
Protein degradation and solubility of Sauropus alldrogYl1lls (\.) Merr. and Arachis hypogeae as
alternative protein sources for lactating goat. Sri Utami, Muhamad Bata, and Imbang
Haryoko................................... .. ............................. ................................... .... ......... ......................
Effect of seasons on dairy cattle milk quantity and quality of Cepogo KUD members in Boyolali
Regency. Triana Yuni Astuti ................. ........ ..... ...... ...................... .. ... .... ................ ....... ......... ..
Probiotic for ruminant (study on digesti bility and fennentation pattern). Caribu Hadi Prayitno ........ .. ..
The effect of chitosan level addition on protein feed source on in vitro rumen microbial degradation
activity. Ristianto Utomo, Lies Mira Yusiati , and Hendra Herdian........... ..................................

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Effects of Aspergillus oryzae supplementation on rumen fermentation products .. .. .. ....... ... ........ ... .. . .......
Chemical composition and crude fiber rumen degradation of fiber sources concentrate feedstuffs.
Ristianto Utomo, Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto, Lies Mira Yusiati, R.A. Rihastuti, and I

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Nyoman Guna Darma ..... ........ ... ........ ......... .... ... ... . ... . ..... ...... ... ........... ......... ..... .... .. ................. .....

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NON RUMINANT PAPERS
Broi ler' s responses due to a golden apple snail (Pomacea insularus) meal supplementation in the
ration. Nanung Danar Dono, Erni Diskawati, Silvia Kristina Mayasari Ritonga and Edi
Suryanto ........ ....... ... ............ ........ ......... ................... ...... ........................... ....................... ............ ..
Utlization of mulberry leaf meal (Morus alba) in chickens. R. A. AI-Kirshi, A . R. Alimon, 1. Zulkifli,

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A. Q. Sazili, M . Wan Zahari ....................................................................................................... ..
The respond of sago (Metroxylon sagu Roltb) offered in the ration supplemented by starnox on
increasing of production and improving the physical quality of duck's egg. A. A. A. Sri
Trisnadewi and Tjokorda Gede Belawa Yadnya.. ........................................ .. ........................................ ..
v 1'erformances of broilers fed corn-soya-palm kernel meal diets supplemented with DL-methionine.
J.
J. Jachja, Sumiati, M. Ridla, I.G. Permana, T. Toharmat, and N. Ramli .................................... ..
\.-::7tudy on efficacy of methionine addition in laying hens fed corn-soy-palm kernel based diet.
M.Ridla, Surniati, J. Jachja, T. Toharmat, I.G. Permana and N. Ramli ..... .... .......................... ..
Performance of broiler that polluted by carbon monoxide (CO) from brooder heater with administered
of ascorbic acid and ferrosulfat (FeS04)' Andi Mushawwir and Jacki Zakaria .......................... .
The evaluation of leaf of katuk (Sauropus androgynus) in ration on feed efficiency, meat quality,
body fattened, and blood cholesterol of broiler chicken. Tjokorda Gede Belawa Yadnya and
Anak Agung Putu Putra Wibawa ................................................................................................. .
Extracted beta-mann an from copra meal as an alternative to antibiotic growth promotants in broiler

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diets. B. Sundu, E. Santo, L. Daisy and Damry H.B .................................................................. ..

249

The use of the sengon leaf meal on the Tegal duck complete feed. Munasik, Titin Widiyastuti, and
Kumia Chandrawati ....... . ....... ........... ... . ... ........ ................... ......... ................ .. ...... ....... .... ..... .........
Grov...1:h performance and carcass production of male local duck on different housing floor and feed
forn1. Ismoyowati and Rosidi .... .................. .................................................................................
The change of reproductive organ of kampung chickens during the laying and incubating periods.
Mochamad Mufti...................................... .................................................... .. ........ .......................
The effect of incubating behavior on body temperature and breath rate of kampung chickens. Ibnu

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Hari Sulistyawan and Mochamad Mufti ...... .......... .......... .. ........................................................
The effect of earthworm supplementation in the ration on growth performance, carcass production,
and abdominal fatness of broiler. Nanung Danar Dono, Ramadani Damanik, Juliana Pasaribu,
and Ali Wibowo..... ..... .... ................. ........ ....... .................. ....................... ...... .... .. .............. ...........
Analysis on feed of confined ducks in Purbalingga regency. Imam Suswoyo .........................................
The use of pollard in ration supplemented with yeast may enhanced performance of broiler and

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decreased consentration ofn-ammonla in its excreta. Eny Puspani and 1. G. N. G. Bidura......

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The effect of Megabac on broiler performance. Laily Agustina, Ismartoyo, Syamsuddin Hasan,
Fatmawati and Anna ............ .... ........................ .......................... .. .............................................. .. .
The use of leaf of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in the ration on performance of the duck in the
growth phase. Tjokorda Gede Belawa Yadnya.......................................... .. ................................
The quality and quantity of quail egg on the supplementation of local waste fennented with Rhizopus

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sp in feed. Umi Kalsum and Osfar Sjofjan..................................................................... .......... ....

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The use of animal and vegetable oil in the diet of kampong chicken to the performance of fatty acids
metabolism. Winarto Hadi and Sri Suhermiyati .......................................................................

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Cocoa husk fermentation in diet evaluated from organoleptic characteristics of broiler meat. Sri
Suhenniyati .................. .
Income over feed cost of broiler chicken of difference scale rearing. Rosidi ......................... ............... .
Chlortetracycline additive has no effect on serum tra nsaminase of broilers fed loca l diet. Retno
Murwani, Astri Konstantina Anesta and Redha Yushita ........ ..... ........... ......... ... ...... ........... .. .... .

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GENETICS AND REPRODUCTION PAPERS
Genetics inheritance of production characteristic based on blood protein pattem in Magelang duck.
Dattadewi Purwantini. ......................... ........... ..... ..... ...... .. ... .................. ........ .............. ... ........ ... ... .
The effect of using steroid horn10ne precursor on the reproductive quality of male quail. Abyadul
Fitriyah, Wihandoyo, Supadmo and Ismaya ....... .. ..... ... ....... ....... .... ... .................... ..... ... ... ...........
The effect of non genetic factors on milk production at dairy cattle breeding centre of Baturraden.
Setya Agus Santosa .... ............... ....... ....... ....... .. ...... .... .. ... ..... ... .. . ................. ..... ....... .. ... .. ... .. .. ........
Accuracy of estimation of milk production with test interval method and centering date method to real
milk production in dairy cattle selection. A.T. Ari Sadewo and Setya Agus Santosa .... ....... ......
The effect of breed and concentrate levels on spenn quality of rams. Dadang Mulyadi Saleh .. ....... ......
Effect of various levels of egg yolk on semen quality and fertility of native chicken spennatozoa.
Sugiyatno, and Dadang Mulyadi Saleh .. ...... ....... ........... ........................ ....... .. ... .......... .. ..............
Application of teclmology to improve of ewes reproduction and lamb production perfonnance in fat
tail sheep. Mas Yedi Sumaryadi, Agus Priyono, Budi Haryanto, and Herry Soeprapto.. ... .... ....

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PRODUCTION, POST-HARVEST AND SOCIO-ECONOMICS PAPERS
Technical efficiency ratio (TER) of dairy fanning in Banyumas regency. Rahayu Widiyanti and
Sri Mastuti ......... .. ...................... .............. .. ...... ... .... ................ .... ................ ....... ..... .... '" ........ ..... ..
Daily weight gain perfonnance and carcass quality of Indonesian indigenous sheep fed supplements
containing treated cassava peel. R. Singgih Sugeng Santosa.......................................................
The erythrocyte and packed cell vo lume (PCV) of broiler chicken which is reared on different litters.
S.J.A . Setyawati .... .. ... ....................................... .................. ................... .. ........ ................... ... .... ...
Isolation and identification of antihistamine " histamine methyl transferase" producer rumen bacteria.
Ning lri yanti, Budi Rustomo and Efka Aris R. ...... .......... .............................................................
The influence of farn1er's characteristic to increase knowledge and interest goat farmer through comic
about marginal area for cultivated forage plant. Krismiwati Muatip. ...... ..... .... ..... ........ ..............
Applied of analytical hierarchy process for development strategy analysis of small-scale poultry feed
industry in Sidenreng-Rappang regency, South Sulawesi. Jasmal A Syamsu and lrsyam
Syamsuddin .. ... ............................. .... .... ....... ,. ............. ....... ..... .. ... .... ........ ........... ......... ..... .... ... .. .. ..
Prospectus analysis of halal gelatin agro-industrial from split hides at leather tarming factory in
Indonesia. Syarifuddin Nur and Suharjito... .. ........ .... ............................................ ..... ......... .........
Effects of dipping time in organic acids on total viable count and quality of broiler carcasses.
Agustinus Hantoro Djoko Rahardjo and Juni Sumarn10no .................... .. .... .. ...............................
Changes in internal quality parameters of edible-coated shell eggs during storage. Juni Sumarn10no
and Bambang Sedar Santosa ......... ........ ....................... ... . .................. ........ ...... ... ............ .......... ...
The effect of additives and time of ensilage on characteristics and quality of ramie (Boehm eria nivea,
L. Gaud) leave silages. Safarina, S.N., Jayadi, S., Pennana, I.G. and Despal .............................
The correlation between floor space and sanitation of cage with mastitis disease occurrence on the
dairy cattle. Sri Hastuti....... ...... ..... ..... ......... . ...... .... ... .. ..... ............................................ .. .. ... ..... .. ..
Empowerment of dairy cow livestock in enhancing well being of rural community in Kecamatan
Baturraden. Tri Sugiarto.. ............. ..... .... ..... ... ... ....... ... . .... .. ... .. . .... ........................... ... ....... ... ........ .
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Find out the most critical capital investment required at an integrated beef cattle farming In
Purbalmgga. Nunung Noor Hidayat and Sri Mastuti ...... ..... .. .... ................ ......... .............
Assessment of group dynamic and individual potencies of Batur sheep farmer to improve their
producti vity in Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Novie Andri Setianto .... ... ...... ..... . ......... .... ... ..... .
The effectiveness of Morinda citr!folia, Curcumae xanthoriza and Curcwnae domestica extract for
immunostimulatory titer antibody Newcastle Disease and avian influenza on broiler.
Sufiriyanto, M. Indradji and Supriyanto .. ........... ...................... .................... ............................ . .
Farmers perception on the artificial insemination (Al) program in Banyumas. Moch. Sugiarto and
Krismiwati Muatip .. ........... ...... ... ....... ..... ............. .. ............ ... .... ...... .... ..... ... .......... .. ... .... .. .. ..... .. ....
Immunity response of double dose NO-vaccinated parent pelung day old chicken. Dwi Prabowo ... ......
Contributions of husbandry sector to regional domestic income Cilacap region. Pramono Hariadi .. .. .... .

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STUDY ON EFFICACY OF METHIONINE ADDITION IN LA YING HENS FED
CORN-SOY-PALM KERNEL BASED DIET
by
M. Ridla, Sumiati, J. Jachja , T. Toharnlat, IG. Permana and N. Ramli,

Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science. Faculty of Animal Science.
Bogar Agricultural University. Bogar

ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of methionine supplementation either
in drinking water or diet on feed convertion ratio, henday egg production from hens age 21-25 weeks,
egg production, egg weight, percentage of egg yolk, egg albumen, eggshell, as well as eggshell
thickness in laying hens fed corn-soy-PKM based diet. Three hundred and fifty commercial laying
hens age 16 weeks with initial weight of 1626.7±38.7 g were assigned randomly in a completely
randomized design to one of seven dietary treatments. The treatments were as follows: (a) deficient in
methionine without the addition of methionine; (b, c, d) deficient in methionine with addition of
methionine in the diets at level of 0.05, 0.10, and 0 .15 giving total methionine content in the rations of
0.33, 0.38, and 0.43%; (e, f, g) deficient in methionine with addition of methionine in the drinking
water at level of 0.1 0, 0 . 15, and 0.20%. Diets and water were offered ad libitum. Data were analyzed
statistically using analysis of variance (ANOV A) according to the procedure of SAS. The average
intake of methionine of S2 during five weeks of the experiment was 388 .8 mg/day/bird, while the
average intake of methionine of SO and S 1 were less than the requirement, i.e., 276 mg/day/bird and
330 mgldaylbird, respectively. The intake of methionine of S3, S5, and S6 was over the requirement
(432 mgldaylbird) and this amount of methionine could decrease the perfonnances of the hens.
Supplementation of 0 . 1% methionine in the diets (S2, total methionine in the diet was 0.38%), and
0.05% in the drinking water gave the best results in terms of hen-day egg production, feed conversion
ratio, egg weight, albumin weight, and shell we ight. It is concluded that methionine should be added
to corn-soy-palm kernel based poultry diets as much as 0.1 % in diet and 0.05% in the drinking water.

Keywords: corn-say-palm kernel, methionine, egg production.

INTRODUCTION
Corn-soy-palm kernel based poultry
diets are deficient in limiting amino acids such
Amino acid balance and
as methionine.
nitrogen retention in poultry diets are
improved by methionine supplementation.
Adoption of low dietary protein and
supplementation of synthetic amino acid in
poultry diets recently is becoming relevant in
feed fonnulation to minimize the nitrogen
excretion and production cost. Levels and
balance of amino acids in the diets are
important nutritional variables that affect the
feed efficiency in layer (AI-Saffar and Rose,
2002).
Methionine in the fonn of liquid
methionine hydroxy analogue (LMA) and
solid DL-Methionine (DLM) product are

Efficacy of the
available 111 the market.
products is believed to be correlated with
nutritional value of the diet, climate and the
type of poultry. The previous experiment
indicated that the suppleme ntation of 0.25 %
DL-methionine in sta rter diets and 0.20% in
finisher diets in the com-soya based diet
increased perfomlance of broiler (Jahja et al,.
2007). However , the optimum level of
methionine addition in broiler may differ from
that in layer, and moreover, inclussion of palm
kernel meal (PKJ\1) in laying hens diets may
affec t nutrient retenti on including methionine.
The objective of this study was to
investigate
the
effect
of
methionine
supplementation either in drinking water or
diet on egg production and its quality in
laying hens fed com-soy-PKM based diet.

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MATERIALS AND METHOD
Materials
Three hundred and fifty ISA-Brown strain
laying hens , 16 weeks of age , were purchased
from conunercial breeder. Liquid methionine
hydroxy analogue (LMA) and solid DLMethionine (DLM) was supplied by Sumitomo
Chemical Co. , Ltd. Feedstuffs were obtained
and mixed in a small comercial feed mill in
Bogor-Indonesia. The pullets were kept in
individual cages in conventional house system
(an open-side poultry house). Each cage was
completed with feeder and drinking water.
The lighting period was provided for 16 hours
from 05:00 AM to 21:00 PM daily.
Methods
Rations used for feeding trials were
fonnulated based on poultry requirement
according to NRC (1994) using com-soy-PKM
based diet.
The fonnula and chemical
composition are shown in Table I. The ration
was fabricated twice a month.
Three hundreds and fifty commercial
laying hens age 16 weeks with initial weight
of 1626.7±38.7 g were assigned randomly in a
completely randomized design to one of seven
dietary treatments. The treatments were as
follows : (a) deficient in methionine without
addition methionine; (b, c, d) deficient in
methionine with addition of methionine in the

diets at level of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 giving
total methionine content in the rations of 0.33,
0.38, and 0.43%; (e, f, g) deficient in
methionine with addition of methionine in the
drinking water at level of 0.10, 0.15, and
0.20%.
Diets and water were offered ad
libilUI1l.

Feed and water intake, egg production,
and egg weight were recorded daily.
Feed
convertion ratio, henday egg production from
hens age 21-25 weeks, and methionine
consumption were then calculated. Dilling the
last days of the experimental period, eggs
sample from each treatments were taken to
detennine egg quality in tenns of percentage
of egg yolk, egg albumen, eggshell, as well as
eggshell thickness. Data were analyzed
statistically using analysis of variance
(ANOY A) according to the procedure of SAS
(Steel and Torrie, 1991).

RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION
Effect of DL-Methionine Supplementation
on Feed Intake
The feed intake of the laying hens is
presented in Table 2. Supplementation of DLmethionine either in the diets or in the
drinking water did not affect the feed intake of
the hens.

Table I. Formula and chemical composition of experimental diets
Ingredients

(%)

Com Local
SBM India
Limestone Pow
Rice Bran
CGM USA
Crude Palm Oil
DCP
Sodium Bicarbonat
Salt
L-Lysine
Choline Chlorid
MineralMix
VitaminMix

53.96
18.08
9.0
7
2.74
2.13
1.28
0.29
0.20
0.11
0.10
0.05
0.05

Chemical Composition
Nutrient
DM
Ash
CP
CF
EE
NFE
Ca
P
NaCI
GE (kcallkg)

(%)
86.16
10.18
15.25
5.45
2.66
52.62
4.38
0.99
0.1
3984

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ISBN 978-979-25-9572-7
Table 2. Effect of DL-methionine supplementation on feed consumption (glday/bird)*
Treatments
SO
SI
S2
S3
S4

_A-""g_e...>..(W
_ e_ek_s-'-)_ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _-.,-_ _ _ __ _ _ __
21
22
23
24
96.60 ± 1.71
103 .27± 5.65
97.33±2.73
9606 ± 2.71
98.37 ±0.76
96.14 ± 3.63
97.40 ±3.40
IO S.36± 1. 87
98.16±1.14
98.75 ±1.29
9980±1.03
112. 33±2.63
97.12±2.41
96.45 ± 2.06
95.96 ± 3.82
109.79± 1.32
106.63±4.0 1
98.21 ±1.l4
97.41±2.79
94.53 ± 3.69

97.34±S.19
97.77 ± 2.3S
9S.8S±4.42
106.68± 0.36
S6
97.22± 2.99
94.72±7.90
10S.12±I.S7
94.90 ± 2.S2
* The basal diet contained 0.28% methionine; 0.56% methionine+cystine; SO= the diet without DL methionine
supplementation; S 1= +0.05% DL-methionine in the diet; S2= + 0.1 % DL-methionine in the diet; S3= + 0. 15%
DL-methionine in the diet; S4=+0.05% DL-methionine in the drinking water; S5= + 0.1 % DL-methionine in the
drinking water; S6= + 0.15% DL-methionine in the drinking water
SS

Table 3. Effect of DL-methionine supplementation on water consumption (mllday/bird)*
Treatments

Age (Weeks)
21

SO
Sl
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6

215.09± 8.27
193.49±16.98
224.80±17.92
203.94±20.31
205.54±9.73
193.43±12.43
166.71± 10.21

22

23

24

298 .S4±12.99
244.54±26.28
264 .97±17.80
256.03± 16.42
249.86±14.14
248.80 ± 2.80
216.89±21.33

316.74±13.47
263.63±8.59

26S.14±19.78

361.l1±3S.92
298.67±51.07
279.76±46.95

235.43±13.61
266.06± 15.36
258.91±22.06
228.17±17.07

293.41±48.01
278.46±25.17
49.51±29.20

However, the average of feed intake of the
hens offered supplemented with methionine in
diet or drinking water were higher than that of
the hens offered control diet (without
supplementation), except for the hens fed S6
diet ( + 0.15% DL-methionine in the dlinking
water). This feed intake was similar to that
reported by Bell and Weaver (2002) that feed
intake of brown egg layers at 21 weeks, 22
weeks, 23 weeks, 24 weeks, and 25 weeks old
were 96.4 glhen/ day, 99.1 g/hen/ day, 10 1.4
glhenlday, and 103 .2 glhen/day, respecti ve ly.
Effect of DL-Methionine Supplementation
on Water Intake
The average of water intake of the
laying hens were presented in Table 3.
Supplementation of DL-methionine either in
the diets or drinking water decreased the
average of water intake during the first five
weeks of laying period. Compared to the
water intake of the hen fed control diet, the
decreasing water intake were 16.04% (S I) ,
13.16% (S2), 20.58 % (S3), 14.82% (S4),

2S0.90±34.94

17.78%, and 27.71% (S6). The hens fed 86 (+
0.15% DL-methionine in the drinking water)
had the lowest water intake. The reduction in
water intake could be due to the taste of water
as the result of rather high content DLmethionine. Water intake reconU11ended by
Bell and Weaver (2002) in laying hens was
220 mllhenlday at house temperature of
28.9°C and 300 mllhenlday at 34.4°C.
Effect of DL-Methionine Supplementation
on the Egg Weight
The data of egg weight of this research
were presented in Table 4. Supplementation
of DL-methionine either in the diets of
drinking water increased the egg weight with
the value of 3.22% (S1), 5.2% (S2), 3.45%
(S3), 4.96% (84), 5.10% (S5), and 3.22% (S6).
Leeson and Sununers (2005) reported that
apart from manipulating feed intake, egg size
could be manipulated by adjusting dietary
levels of energy, fat and linoleic acid, or by_
adjustment to levels of protein, methionine and
sulphur amino acids (TSAA). There was a

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r
ISBN 978-9 79-25-9572-7
Table 4. Eggs weight (gr) of layer w ith and without
Treatments
Replication
2
51 .4
50. 84
SO
51.5 2
SI
50.8 1
52. 15
50.29
S2
S3
51.65
52.21
52.35
S4
51.49
53.4
49.34
S5
5175
S6
50.75

methionine supplementation*
Average
3
50.89
50 .28
53.09
52.15
51.65
52.39
50.74

4
51 88
50.72
52 .26
50 .34
51 .67
51.3 7
52 .9

5
51.1S
51.47
52.12
5175
53.52
51.95
51.67

51.24
50.96
51.98
51.62
52.14
51.69
51.56

Table 5. Henday egg production (%) of layer with and without methionine addition*
Treatments
SO
SI
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6

Age (Weeks)
21
26.32 ±14.56
29.96±17.16
40.88 ±13 .91
38.36 ± 9.53
36.68 ±19 .78
38.92 ±18.87
17.36± 6.07

23
63.00 ± 16.95
62.72 ± 18.0S
70.00 ± 16.54
71.96 ±11.90
72.52 ± 16.46
65.24 ±12.07
56.00 ±12.60

22
43 ±14.52
46 ±20.06
60±16.55
57 ± 6.96
60 ±23.42
56 ± 6.49
37 ± 5.65

24
68.04 ± 7.45
75.60±12.52
81.48±10.77
83.72± 8.82
80.36± 10.50
70.84± 9.37
69.44±15.51

consistent linear trend in the increase in egg
weight in yOWlg birds as the increased in
TSAA level from 0.65 to 0.81 %. Analysis of
this data indicated that egg size of young
layers increased by 0.7g for each 0.05%
increase in diet TSAA. The TSAA of the diets
in this study was 0.56% (SO), 0.61 % (S 1),
0.66% (S2) , and 0.71 % (S3). Th e hens fed
S2( + 0.1 % DL-methionine in the diet) yielded

methionine supplementation either in solid or
liquid foml had no significant effect on hand
day production, the supplementation tended to
improve the productivity of layer. The excess
of supplemented methionine tended to reduce
henday production.
Supplementation of DLmethionine either in the diet or drinking water
increased henday egg production by 5.2%
(31) , 19.37% (S2), 19.28% (33), 18.49% (S4),

the highest egg weight. The eggs weight were

and

almost the same to the standard egg weight
suggested by Bell and Weaver (2002) who
reported that the weight of conmlercial egg
was 46 glegg (at 21 weeks of age), 47.5 glegg
(at 22 weeks of age), 49.0 g/egg (at 23 weeks
of age), 50.7 glegg (at 24 weeks of age), and
52.3 g/egg (at 25 weeks of age).

suppl ementation of methionine in the drinking
water at the level of 0. 15% (36) decreased the
henday egg production by 8.85%.
The
increasing of this henday egg production could
be due to methionine role in protein synthesis
in the liver of hens, and then increasing the
follicle forming. The henday egg production

Effect of DL-Methionine Supplementation
on Henday Egg Production
Henday egg production is presented in
Table 5. There was no different in henday
production in the first five day production
period. Henday egg production at the first
week of the production period ranged from
17.36 to 40.88%. During the first five weeks ,
all groups of laying hen indicated the similar
trend in hen day production.
Al though the

9.94%

(35).

However,

the

of 33 and 34 at 25 weeks of old was 88.48%,
and 88.20%, respectively. The values were
similar to that standard according to Bell and
Weaver (2002) who reported that henday egg
production for commercial laying hens at 25
weeks of old was 89.5%.
Effect of DL-Methionine Supplementation
on Feed Convertion Ratio
Feed conversion ratio of la ying hen
offered rations supplemented with methionine

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2009

235

ISBN 978-9 79-25-9572-7
is presented in Table 6. Supplementation of
DL-methi onine in the diets and drinking water
decrea sed feed conversion or increased feed
effi ciency. Thi s resuls indicated that basal
di et (SO) had mild de ficient of methionine.
Pest i e! aI, (2005) reported that feed
effic iency IS reduced when imbalanced
proteins are fed.
Feed conversion decreased with the
progress of the production period. Variation
of feed conversion was high during the first
three week of laying period. The values
ranged from 2.4 7 to 2.96 in the week 4 of the
laying period. Supplementation of methionine
tended to decrease feed conversion ratio
during the first five week of the production
period.
The excess of
supplemented
methionine tended to increase feed conversion.
Available methionine in the experimental
rations did not meet the requirement of the
experimental laying hen . The supplementation
of methionine at level up to 0.1 % corrected the
defficiency of methionin 111 the ration.
However the methionine supplementation up
to 0.15% resulted in excess of methioeine or in
balance in amino acid.
Effect of DL-Methionine Supplementation
on Egg quality
Egg quality of laying hen offered
rati ons supplemented with methi onine is
presented in Tabl e 7. Supplementation of DLmethion ine in the diet and drinki ng water did
not affect the yolk weight, but it increased the
albumen weight. Thi s results showed that
methionine supplementation increased the
protein synthesis in ten11 of albumen protein.
Pesti et al., (2005) reported that the essential,
or dietary indispensable, amino acids are
needed to make protein and other compound.
Amino acid needs change when protein
synthesis changes. When birds are actively
producing feather or egg, for instance, thei r
requirements refl ect the amino acids in these
products as we ll as those needed for muscle
growth and maintenance Pesti et al. (2005)
reported that the most impOliant factor in
determining egg size is the size of yolk,
largely lipids , and the second most important

factor in dete1111ining egg size is the albumen
almost entirel y prot ein. Because hens need fo;
protein and amino acids to synthesis albumen
is hi gh, any lack of protein results in a
decrease the amount of albumen , and
consequently egg size even though the
quantity yo lk may be similar. Increasing the
protein and amino ac id contents of the diet has
a marked effect on increasing egg size,
particularly when the hen is laying small eggs
Supplementation of DL-methionine
in the diets and drinking water increased the
egg shell weight, except for the S4 and S5.
This results indicated that there was an
increasing in calcium retention in the egg shell
due to increasing of protein synthesis as
methionine
supplementation
was
done.
According to Pesti et al., (2005) that calcium
may be bound to protein in the enterocytes and
is transported in the blood in both ionized and
The results of this
protein-bound forms.
research showed that supplementation of 0.1 %
methionine in the diets (S2 , total methionine in
the diet was 0.38%) resulted in the best
performances in terms of hen-day egg
production, feed conversion ratio, egg weight,
albumin weight, and shell weight. It could be
due to meet the requirement of methionine to
perform those performances of the hens . The
estimated methionine requirement for egg
number and weight are 364 mgldayfbird and
356 mgldayfbird, res pectively. The average
intake of methionine of S2 group during five
weeks of the experiment was 388.8
mglday/bird, while the average intake of
methi onine of SO and S 1 group were less than
the requirement, i.e ., 276 mgldayfbird and 330
mglday/bird, respecti vely.
The intake of
methionine of S3 was 21 .35 % over the
requirement (432 mgldayfbird) and this
amount of methionine could decrease the
perf01111anCeS of the hens. This result indicated
that there was a mild excessive of methionine
in the S3 diet. Supplementation methionine
0.05 % in the drinking water yielded a better
perfon11ances compared to others (S5 and S6).
The methi onine intake of S5 and S6 group
could be excessive the requirement of the
hens. The methionine intake of S6 group was
161. 97% above the requirement, and it could
be excessive to the birds.

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Table 6. Feed conversion ratio of layer with and without methionine addition*
Treatments
Ｍ］ｾ

Age (Weeks)
Ｍ

21

ｾＭ

Ｍ

22

Ｍｾ

23

Ｍ

Ｍｾ

24

SO
SI
S2

14 .5 1±17.3 1
32.93±60 .44
S.70±2.81

8.87±9.36
5 .3 ±2 .74

5.16±3.02
4.67± 1.74

2.91 ± 0.50
2.69±0.54

3.44±0.90

4.15±1.28

2.S4±0.33

S3
S4
S5
S6

S.60± 1.66

3.38±0.36

3.84±0.6S

2.44± 0.24

6.56±2.92
7.13±S.63
14 .51±17.31

3.S4±1.46
3.48±0.56
8.87±9.36

3.79±1.17
4.IS±0.93
5.16±3.02

2.47±0.24
2.79± 0.33
2.91± 0.50

Ｍ

Ｍ

Table 7. Eggs components weight in laying hens offered diets with and without methionine addition*
Treatments

Parameters
Weight (g)

Yolk we ight

(%)

Albumin weight

Eggshell weight

(%)

(%)

22.56
21.97
22 .00
22.38
22.44
22.67

63.67
64.52
64.47
64.37
64.52
64 . 19

10.87
11.29
11.43
11.01
10.84

S5

51.81
51.84
51.90
51.96
52.19
51.92

S6

52.09

22.53

63.79

11.08

SO
SI
S2
S3
S4

Table 8. Eggs yolk and eggshell characteristic in laying
methionine addition*

hens offered diets with and without

Yolk height (mm)

Parameters
Yolk Score

Eggshell thickness (mm)

9.93
9.58
9.25
9.48
8.87
9.25
9.50

9.50
9.80
9.50
9.70
9.50
9.70
10.20

0.34
0 .36
0.35
0.35
0.37
0.37
0 .36

Treatments

SO
SI
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6

10.93

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Supp lementation of 0.1 % methionine in
the com-soy-palm kemel based diets wich was
equal with 0 .38% of the total dietary
methionine, or 0.05% in the drinking water
with the same formula of the diet resulted in
the best perfol111ances of young laying hens
in terms of hen-day egg production, feed
conversion ratio, egg weight, albumin weight ,
and shell weight.
It is recomended that
methionine shou ld be added to corn-soy-palm
kemel based poultry diets as much as either
0.1 % in diet or 0.05 % in the drinking \vate r.

AI-Saffar, A. A. and S. P. Rose. 2002. The
response of of laying hens to dietary
amino acids. World Poult. Sci. 58 :
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Bell, D.D. and Weaver, W .D. 2002.
Commercial chicken meat and egg
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Jachja, 1., N. Ramli, M. Ridla, Sumiati and T.
T oharmat. 2007. The effecti veness of
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on performance of starter and finisher

Proceedings International Seminar AINI, Purwokerto 18-19 ｊｕｾｉ

Ｇ＠

2009

237

ISBN 978-979-25-9572-7
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Guelph ,
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National Research Council. 1994. Nutlient
1h
Requirements of Poultry. 9 Revised
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National Academy Press.
Washington D. C. USA.

Pesti , G.M. , R. 1. Bakalli , J. P. Driver, A.
Atencio , and E.H. Foster. 2005.
Pou ltry
Nutrition
and
Feeding.Trafford Publishing. Canada.
Steel , R. G D. dan 1. H. Torrie. 1991. Prinsip
dan Prosedur Statistik.
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