Thus,thecorrectsentenceis“Theplayers,aswellasthecaptain,want to win.”

40 Inthesentenceabove,thereisword‘one’ whichmeans“singularperson”. Although after the subject, there is subject “my brothers”, but it should be followedby pasttobe‘is’was.Therefore,tobe“were”shouldbereplacedby “was”inordertobeconcordwihprevioussubject“oneofmybrothers”.Thus, the correctsentence is“Oneofmybrotherswasin Atlanta lastweekend.” 22.Theteacheraswellasherstudentsbelievethatpracticemakesperfect. MySchool Analysis: In thesentenceabove, thereis subject‘theteacher’which means “singular person”.Althoughafterthesubject,there issecondsubject“herstudents”butthe sentencefocus to thefirstsubject. Therefore,verb“believe”shouldbereplacedby “believes”inordertobeconcordwihprevioussubject“oneofmybrothers”.Thus,thecorre ctsentenceis“Theteacheraswellasherstudents believesthat practicemakesperfect.”

23. Myfathermakea cup of coffee in themorning.Family

Analysis: Inthesentenceabove,thereissubject‘my father’whichmeans“singular person”.Therefore,noun“make”shouldbereplacedby“makes”inordertobe concordwihprevioussubject“myfather”.Thus,thecorrectsentenceis“My fathermakesa cup acoffee inthemorning.” 4 24. Neither my mother nor my sister return their phone calls. Our Vacation Analysis: Inthesentence above,there isword‘neithernot either’ which means“no oneofthemotherandsister” thatwordmakesitbecomesingularperson. Therefore, the verb “return” should be replaced by “returns” in order to be concordwihprevious word “neither”. Thus, thecorrectsentenceis“Neither my mothernor mysisterreturnstheirphone calls.” 25.Each of the twinshavesomeunusualhabits. MySchool Analysis: In thesentenceabove, thereis word‘each’which means singular although after theword‘each’ there isaword‘twins’.Therefore,theverb“have”shouldbe replacedby “has”inordertobeconcordwihpreviousword“each”.Thus,the correctsentence is“Each of thetwinshassomeunusualhabits.”

26. Thefirst typeof driver thatIfind annoyingarethespeeders. Accident in

Medan Analysis: In thesentenceabove, therearewords ‘firsttype’which means singular although in thelas sentence there is word‘speeders’. Therefore, to be “are”should bereplacedby “is”inordertobeconcordwihpreviousword“each”.Thus,the correctsentence is“The firsttypeofdriverthatI find annoying is thespeeders.” 42 27.Saraistheonlyoneofthestudents whoalwaysanswercorrectly.My School Analysis: Inthesentence above,thereissubjectwithsingularthirdperson“she”.It shouldbefollowedby theverbwhichaddedbysuffix–s.Thus,thecorrect sentenceis“Saraistheonlyoneof thestudentswho alwaysanswerscorrectly.”

28. Thereisalotof treeson our block. Family

Analysis: Inthesentence above,thereiswordsnoun‘trees’which meanssingular whichmeansplural.Therefore,tobe“is”shouldbereplacedby “are”inorderto beconcordwih noun“trees”.Thus, the correctsentence is“Therearealotof treeson ourblock.” 29.Comfortableshoesandloose-fittingclothingwasreccommendedby the instructor.Importance and BenefitsofSports Analysis: Inthesentenceabove,therearenoun‘shoes’and‘loose-fitting clothing’ thatmakesnounsbecomeplural.Weuse ‘iswas’forsingularnounsoneitem and‘arewere’formany itemspluralnouns.Therefore,theword“was” becomes “were”inordertobeconcordwihpreviousnouns .Thus,thecorrect sentencesis“Comfortableshoesandloose-fittingclothingwerereccommended by the instructor.” 4

30. Shehavegotbrown skin Mymother

Analysis: Inthesentencesabove,the English“have”withoutfollowing thesubject- verbagreement. Thesubject‘she’is asingularthirdperson anditshouldbe followedbythirdsingularverb“has”not“have”while“have”isusedtothe second person. Therefore, the correctsentence is“Shehasgotbrown skin”

4.2.2. SingularPlural

InEnglish,thereisatermthatindicateswhetherthenumberofnounor pronoun is oneor morethanone.A formofwordsthatindicates oneor less than onecalledsingular,whereas morethanoneis plural.Bahasadoes notdistinguish singular and pluralformand to denoteplurality, areduplicated formof thenoun is used.Nouncanbedividedintosingularorpluralandthereischanginginwordif it ispluralor singular. Thispointanalyzesthe mistakemadeon thatform. 1.ShealwaysgivesmesomefinesolutionwhenIhavesomeproblems. Mymother Analysis: InEnglish,theremustbeinharmony betweenthepronounandits reference.Thepronounmustbeconcord withitsreference.Inthesentenceabove, “some”means pluralandrefers to “bird”which is single.Grammatically, the reference“solution”mustfollowitspronounandtakethepluralagreementas sameaswithitspronoun.So,theappropriatenounorreferencefor“solution”is 44 “solutions”.Hence,therightsentenceis“Shealwaysgivesmesomefinesolutions when I havesomeproblems.”

2. Allteacherhaveahigh opinion of him. My Bestfriend

Analysis: InEnglish,theremustbeinharmony betweenthepronounandits reference.Thepronounmustbeconcord withitsreference.Inthesentenceabove, “all”meanspluralandrefersto“teacher” whichissingle.Theappropriatesubject orreferencefor“teacher” is“teachers”. Hence,therightsentence is“Allteachers havea high opinion ofhim. “ 3.ThosebirdliveintheBanyuasinpeninsulainordertoavoidthewinter attheirmain locationinSiberia,andtheKoreanPeninsula.Sembilang NationalPark Analysis: InEnglish,theremustbeinharmony betweenthepronounandits reference.Thepronounmustberelated withitsreference.Inthesentence above, “those”meanspluralformfrom“there” andrefersto“bird”whichissingle. Grammatically,thereference “bird”must followitspronounandtaketheplural agreement assame aswithitspronoun.So,theappropriatenounorreferencefor “bird” is“birds”.Hence, therightsentenceis“Thosebirdslivein the Banyuasin peninsulain ordertoavoid thewinterat theirmain location inSiberia,and the Korean Peninsula.” 4 4.Therearemanyforeignerwhoaresurfersfromallovertheworldcome to TanjungSetiabeach and takesomenightsthere.TanjungSetiaBeach Analysis: Such astheprevious sample, between pronoun and itsreference mustbe in harmony.Inthesentenceabove,“foreigner”must takeplural agreement forword “many” whichwords come after must be in plural. Therefore, theword “foreigner”becomes “foreigners”inorder tobeconcordwihpreviousword “many”.Thus,thecorrectsentencesis“therearemanyforeignerswhoare surfers from allover theworld cometoTanjungSetiabeachand takesomenights there.” 5.Thereareseveralwaythatapersoncanbenefitfromadiet.Benefitsof Dieting Analysis: Such astheprevious sample, between pronoun and itsreference mustbe in harmony.Inthesentenceabove,“way”musttakepluralagreementfor word “several”whichwordscomeaftermust beinplural.Therefore, theword“way” becomes “ways”inorder tobeconcordwihpreviousword “severa”. Thus, the correctsentencesis“Thereareseveral waysthatapersoncanbenefitfroma diet.” 46 6.Therearesomanyreasonwhy computersisbeing usedway toomuch, peopledrives whileon their computers cellphones .Arewetoo dependentoncomputers? Analysis: Such astheprevious sample, between pronoun and itsreference mustbe in harmony.In thesentence above, “reason” must takeplural agreementfor word “many”whichwordscomeaftermustbe inplural.Therefore,theword“reason” becomes “reasons”inorder tobeconcordwihpreviousword“many”.Thus,the correctsentencesis“Therearesomanyreasonswhycomputersisbeingused way too much , peopledrivewhileon theircomputers cellphones.”

7. This plan allows many aeroplane to park next to the building.

However,itcreateslong walking distancefor passengers.Modern Airports Analysis: Such astheprevious sample, between pronoun and itsreference mustbe in harmony.Inthesentenceabove,“aircraft”musttakepluralagreementforword “many”whichwordscomeaftermustbe inplural.Therefore,theword“aircraft” becomes “aircrafts”inordertobeconcordwihpreviousword“many”.Thus,the correctsentences is”Thisplanallowsmanyaircraftstoparknextto thebuilding. However, it createslong walking distanceforpassengers.” 4 8.Thetransporterplanemployssomesystem oftransporttomove passengersfrom the terminalbuildingto the aircraft. Modern Airport Analysis: Such astheprevious sample, between pronoun and itsreference mustbe in harmony.Inthesentenceabove,“system”musttakepluralagreementforword “some”whichwordscomeaftermustbeinplural.Therefore, theword“systems” becomes “systems”inorder tobeconcordwihpreviousword “some”. Thus, the correctsentences is“Thetransporterplanemployssomesystemsof transportto movepassengersfromthe terminalbuilding to theaircraft.” 9.Eventhoughcomputersarevery usefulforallplacearoundtheworld, westillshouldntbeso dependenton them.Arewetoo dependenton computers? Anaysis: InEnglish,theremustbeinharmony betweenthepronounandits reference.Thepronounmustbeconcord withitsreference.Inthesentenceabove, “all” meanspluraland refersto “place”which is single. The appropriatesubjector referencefor “place”is “places”.Hence, therightsentenceis “Even though computersarevery usefulforallplacesaroundtheworld,westillshouldntbeso dependentonthem.” 10. When we lovesomeone, wedon’t look for them to fillour needs, love usback, and all thosetypeof things.What istheMeaningofLove 48 Analysis: InEnglish,theremustbeinharmony betweenthepronounandits reference.Thepronounmustbeconcord withitsreference.Inthesentenceabove, “those” meanspluralformfrom “there” andrefers to“types”whichissingle. Grammatically,thereference“type”mustfollow itspronoun and taketheplural agreement assame aswithitspronoun.So,theappropriatenounorreferencefor “type”is “types”.Hence, therightsentenceis “Whenwelovesomeone,wedon’t look forthemtofillourneeds, loveusback, and all thosetypesofthings.”

4.2.3. ToInfinitive

Aninfinitivephrasewillbegin with an infinitiveto +simpleformof the verb. 1.Zedvadoesnotdothistoestablishhisterritory,asmanycatexperts think,buttohumiliatingmebecauseheisjealousofmy friends.My Cat Zedva Analysis: Inthesentencesabove,itshowsthatthosesentencesareusing thewrong verb.Aninfinitivephrasewillbeginwith“toandasimpleverbVerb1”.The verb- ing“decomposing”shouldbereplacedby “tohumiliate”inordertobe concordtobean infinitivesentence.Hence,therightsentenceis“Zedvadoesnot do this to establishhis territory,as manycatexperts think,buttohumiliateme becausehe isjealousofmy friends.” 4

2. Iamhappyto having such afriend. My Bestfriend

Analysis: Inthesentencesabove,itshowsthatthosesentencesareusing thewrong verb.Aninfinitivephrasewillbeginwith“toandasimpleverbVerb1”.The verb-ing “having”shouldbereplacedby“tohave”inordertobe concordtobe an infinitivesentence.Hence,therightsentenceis“Iamhappytohavesucha friend.” 3.Youneedtoknowingthatthewaveonthisbeachisequalwiththe wavesinHawaii. TanjungSetiaBeach Analysis: Inthesentencesabove,itshowsthatthosesentencesareusing thewrong verb.Aninfinitivephrasewillbeginwith“toandasimpleverbVerb1”.The verb-ing “knowing”shouldbereplaced by “toknow”in order to beconcord tobe aninfinitivesentence.Hence,therightsentenceis “Youneedtoknowthatthe waveon thisbeach isequalwith thewavesin Hawaii.” 4. Mydays werehappyonesbeforeI started goingto school, asIhadgood neighbourstoplayingwithfrommorning tillevening.Memoriesof my Childhood Days Analysis: Inthesentencesabove,itshowsthatthosesentencesareusing thewrong verb.Aninfinitivephrasewillbeginwith“toandasimpleverbVerb1”.The 50 verb-ing“playing”shouldbereplacedby“toplay”inorderto be concord tobe an infinitivesentence.Hence,therightsentenceis“Mydayswerehappyonesbefore Istartedgoingto school,asIhadgoodneighbourstoplaywith frommorningtill evening.” 5.Forexample,Idonothavetocatchadiseasetoknowingthatitcankill me. MyHobby Analysis: Inthesentencesabove,itshowsthatthosesentencesareusing thewrong verb.Aninfinitivephrasewillbeginwith“toandasimpleverbVerb1”.The verb-ing “knowing”shouldbereplaced by “toknow”in order to beconcord tobe an infinitivesentence.Hence, therightsentenceis “For example,Idonothaveto catch a diseaseto know thatit can killme.” 6.AlsoI do nothave togodeep into the jungle to learningabout the tiger. Ican read all aboutit inabook. Myhobby Analysis: Inthesentencesabove,itshowsthatthosesentencesareusing thewrong verb.Aninfinitivephrasewillbeginwith“toandasimpleverbVerb1”.The verb- ing“learning”shouldbereplacedby “tolearn”inordertobeconcordtobe aninfinitivesentence.Hence,therightsentenceis “AlsoIdonothavetogo deep into thejungletolearnabout the tiger. I can read allaboutit in a book.” 5 7.Iamsothankfultohavebeenabletolivemy10 yearsoflifeto knowingexactlywhatlifewaslikewithoutacomputerorcellphone. Arewe too dependenton computers? Analysis: Inthesentencesabove,itshowsthatthosesentencesareusing thewrong verb.Aninfinitivephrasewillbeginwith“toandasimpleverbVerb1”.The verb-ing “knowing”shouldbereplaced by “toknow”in order to beconcord tobe aninfinitivesentence.Hence,therightsentence is“Iamso thankfulto havebeen ableto livemy10 years oflifetoknowexactlywhatlifewas likewithouta computerorcellphone.” 8.So,beneficial,seeIdon’twhyyounotalsowanttoeatinghealthier. Benefitsof Dieting Analysis: Inthesentencesabove,itshowsthatthosesentencesareusing thewrong verb.Aninfinitivephrasewillbeginwith“toandasimpleverbVerb1”.The verb-ing “eating”shouldbereplaced by “toeat”inordertobeconcordtobean infinitivesentence.Hence,therightsentenceis“So,beneficial,seeIdon’twhy you not also want to eat healthier.”

9. Sundanese liketo drinking teawithoutsugar. IndonesianFood

Analysis: 52 Inthesentencesabove,itshowsthatthosesentencesareusing thewrong verb.Aninfinitivephrasewillbeginwith“toandasimpleverbVerb1”.The verb- ing“drinking”shouldbereplacedby “todrink”inordertobeconcordtobe an infinitivesentence.Hence, therightsentenceis “Sundaneseliketodrinktea withoutsugar.”

4.2.4. PassiveVoice

Thepassivevoice ispreferred when the“doer”of an action or theagent is unimportantorunknownbecauseof itis impersonaltone, thepassivevoiceis commonlyfoundintextbooks,inscientific,technicalorbusinessreports,andin newspaper.Theformofpassivevoiceis“Subject +finiteformoftobe+ Past Participle3rd column of irregular verbs”. 1.BukitLawangisreferrstoasthegatewaytoSumatraForest.Bukit Lawang Analysis: Inthesentenceabove,thereisverb‘referrs’whichisnotappropiatefor passivevoice.Theformofpassivevoiceis“Subject+finiteformoftobe+Past Participle 3rd column of irregular verbs ungrammatical. Theverb “referrs”shouldbereplacedwith “referred”.Thus, the correctsentences is“BukitLawang is referredtoas thegatewaytoSumatra Forest.” ”. The sentenceisincorrect and 5 2.ThisareaiscalltheSembilangbecausetherearesomanySembilang fish or plotosuscaniuscalledinLatin. SembilangNationalPark Analysis: Inthesentenceabove,thereisverb‘call’which isnotappropiatefor passivevoice.Theformofpassivevoiceis“Subject+finite formoftobe+ Past Participle3rd columnof irregularverbs”.Thesentence isincorrect and ungrammatical. The verb“call” should be replaced with “called”. Thus, thecorrectsentencesis“Thisareaiscalled theSembilangbecausetherearesomany Sembilang fish orplotosuscaniuscalledin Latin.”

3. Dietingis somethingthat isfearbyall.Benefitsof Dieting

Analysis: In thesentenceabove, thereis verb‘fear’which is notappropiatefor passivevoice.Theformofpassivevoiceis“Subject+finiteformoftobe+Past Participle 3rd column of irregular verbs Inthesentenceabove,thereisverb‘fear’whichisnotappropiatefor passivevoice.Theformofpassivevoiceis“Subject+finiteformoftobe+Past ”. The sentenceis incorrect and ungrammatical. The verb“fear” should be replaced with “feared”. Thus, thecorrectsentencesis“Dietingis somethingthat isfeared byall.” 4.Finally,IquieteneddownwhenIwasgiveice-creamandchocolates. Luckily,Iwasnothurt. Memoriesof myChildhood Days Analysis: 54 Participle3rd columnof irregularverbs Inthesentence above,there isverb‘separate’whichisnot appropiatefor passivevoice.Theformofpassivevoiceis“Subject+finite formoftobe+ Past Participle 3rd column of ”.Thesentence isincorrect and ungrammatical. The verb“give” should be replaced with “given”. Thus, thecorrectsentencesis“Finally, Iquietened downwhenIwasgivenice-creamand chocolates. Luckily, I wasnothurt. “

5. I was choose to play the role of Jack in the play, Jack and the

Beanstalk,andI becameacelebrity overnightreceiving lotsof complimentsfor myperformance. Memoriesof myChildhood Days Analysis: Theverbwhich is used inpassivevoiceis pastparticipleVerb3.Based on thesentenceabove, thereis tobe“was”.So, itmeans thattheformofpassive voiceispasttense.Thepattersofpast tensepassivevoiceiswas+Verb3past participle. Thesentenceisincorrectand ungrammatical.Thesuitableverbforthe sentenceis“chosen.Thus, the correctsentencesis“ I waschosento play theroleof Jack intheplay, Jackand theBeanstalk,andIbecamea celebrityovernight receiving lotsofcomplimentsfor myperformance.” 6.Inthesatelliteplan,passengersboardaircraftsmallterminalsthatare separatefrom the main terminals. Modern Airports Analysis: irregular verbs”. The sentenceis incorrect and 5 ungrammatical.Theverb“separate”shouldbereplacedwith“separated”.Thus, thecorrectsentencesis“Inthesatellite plan,passengersboardaircraftsmall terminalsthatareseparatedfromthemain terminals.” 7.Ifbusesareuse,thepassengersmustclimbaflightofstairsto boardthe aircraft.Ifmobileloungesareuse,theycanlinkupdirectlywiththe aircraft and protectpassengersfrom theweather. Modern Airports Analysis: Inthesentenceabove,thereisverb‘use’whichisnotappropiatefor passivevoice.Theformofpassivevoiceis“Subject+finite formof tobe+ Past Participle3rd columnof irregularverbs Inthesentence above,thereisverb‘wash’whichisnotappropiatefor passivevoice.Theformofpassivevoiceis“Subject+finite formoftobe+ Past Participle 3rd column of ”.Thesentence isincorrect and ungrammatical. Theverb“use”should bereplacedwith “used”. Thus,the correct sentences is“Ifbusesareused,thepassengersmustclimbaflightofstairsto boardtheaircraft.Ifmobileloungesareused,theycan linkupdirectlywith the aircraftand protectpassengersfromtheweather.” 8.Allmy problemsarewashaway withthetide.MyFavouritePlacein theWorld Analysis: irregular verbs”. The sentenceis incorrect and 56 ungrammatical.Theverb“wash”shouldbereplacedwith“washed”.Thus,the correctsentencesis“Allmyproblemsarewashed awaywith thetide.”

9. Sportsarerequireto behealthypeople, areneedfor enjoyment, and are

great marketfor countries’ economies. Importance and Benefitsof Sports Analysis: In thesentenceabove, thereareverb‘require’ and‘need’which is not appropiateforpassivevoice.Theformofpassivevoiceis“Subject+finiteform of to be + Past Participle 3rd column of irregular verbs”. The sentence is incorrectandungrammatical. Theverb“require”shouldbereplacedwith “required” and theverb ‘need’ should bereplaced with ‘needed’. Thus, the correct sentences is“sports arerequiredtobehealthypeople,areneededfor enjoyment, and aregreatmarket forcountries’ economies.” 10.Manypeopleareinjureinroadaccidentseveryday.Accidentinthe Medan Analysis: Inthesentenceabove,thereisverb‘injure’whichisnotappropiatefor passivevoice.Theformofpassivevoiceis“Subject+finiteformoftobe+Past Participle 3rd column of irregular verbs ungrammatical.Theverb“injure”shouldbereplacedwith“injured”.Thus,the correctsentencesis“Manypeopleareinjured in road accidentseveryday.” ”. The sentenceis incorrect and 5

11. Iwasshockebythebad newsyesterday. Accident in

theMedanAnalysis: Theverbwhich is used inpassivevoiceis pastparticipleVerb3.Based on thesentenceabove, thereis tobe“was”.So, itmeans thattheformofpassive voiceispasttense.Thepattersofpast tensepassivevoiceiswas+Verb3past participle. Thesentence isincorrectand ungrammatical.Theverb“shocke” is changedwith“shocked”.Thus,thecorrectsentencesis“Iwasshockedbythe bad newsyesterday.” 12.Badboysarebeingquestionbythepoliceofficer.Accidentinthe Medan Analysis: In thesentenceabove, thereis verb‘question’which is notappropiatefor passivevoice.Theformofpassivevoiceis“Subject+finite formoftobe+ Past Participle3rd columnof irregularverbs In thesentenceabove, thereisverb‘question’which is notappropiatefor passivevoice.Theformofpassivevoiceis“Subject+finite formoftobe+ Past Participle 3rd column of ”.Thesentence isincorrect and ungrammatical.Theverb“question”shouldbereplacedwith “questioned”.Thus, the correctsentencesis”bad boysarebeing questioned by thepoliceofficer.”

13. Mybikewasstolein thataccident. Accident in theMedan

Analysis: irregular verbs”. The sentenceis incorrect and 58 ungrammatical.Theverb“stole” shouldbe replaced with “stolen”.Thus, thecorrectsentencesis“Mybikewasstolen in thataccident”

14. Aletter waswrotebymysister. Family

Analysis: Inthesentenceabove,thereis verb‘question’whichis notappropiatefor passivevoice.Theformofpassivevoiceis“Subject+finite formoftobe+ Past Participle3rd columnof irregularverbs AccordingtoAndrewCarstairs-McCarthy,inmorphologicalstudy is knownas“formsofadjective”.Theword“happy”onlyhastwosyllable.Itmust beaddedwithsuffix–er,becauseitisacomparativeadjectiveand itwillbe ”.Thesentence isincorrect and ungrammatical. Theverb“wrote”should bereplacedwith“written”.Thus, the correctsentencesis“A letterwaswritten bymysister.”

4.2.5. Formsof Adjective

Many Englishadjectivesexhibitthreeforms,forexampletheword“long”. Thegrammaticalwords thatlong, longer, and longestexpressarethepositive, comparative,andsuperlativeof“long”,contrasting onthedimensionof comparison. All these exhibit, such as“happy”,“green”, “pure”, “tidy” are a regularpatternof suffixationwith–erand-est,exceptforbetter andbest, which is superlative.

1. You willfind, areyoumorehappyandmuch more,then who. Family

Analysis: 5 “happier” and do not need by adding “more”. The word“more” is used if adjectivehasmorethan twosyllables, forexample theadjective“beautiful” becomes “morebeautiful”.So,the correctsentenceis “Youwillfind,areyou happierand much more, then who.”

2. Iwould sayit ismorehotthan Mexican food. IndonesianFood

Analysis: AccordingtoAndrewCarstairs-McCarthy,inmorphologicalstudy is knownas“formsofadjective”.Theword“hot”only hasonesyllable.Itmustbe addedwithsuffix–er,becauseitis a comparativeadjectiveanditwillbe“hotter” anddonotneedbyadding “more”. Theword“more” isused ifadjectivehasmore thantwosyllables,forexample the adjective“beautiful”becomes“more beautiful”.So,the correctsentenceis“IwouldsayitishotterthanMexican food.” 3.Todayfeelsmorecoolthanyesterday’sswelteringtemperature.My favouritePlace Analysis: AccordingtoAndrewCarstairs-McCarthy,inmorphologicalstudy is knownas“formsofadjective”.Theword“cool”only hasonesyllable.Itmustbe addedwithsuffix–er,becauseitisacomparativeadjectiveanditwillbe “cooler” anddonotneedbyadding “more”. Theword“more” isused ifadjectivehasmore than two syllables, for example the adjective “beautiful” becomes “more 60 beautiful”. So, the correct sentence is“ Today feels cooler than yesterday’s sweltering temperature.”

4. Myroom ismorebright than sister room. Family

Analysis: AccordingtoAndrewCarstairs-McCarthy,inmorphologicalstudy is knownas“formsofadjective”.Theword“bright”onlyhasonesyllable.Itmust beaddedwithsuffix–er,becauseitis acomparativeadjectiveanditwillbe “brighter” anddo not need by adding “more”. The word“more” is used if adjectivehasmorethan twosyllables, forexample theadjective“beautiful” becomes “morebeautiful”.So, thecorrectsentenceis “Myroom isbrighterthan sister room.”

5. She isthebeautifulestgirl in myclassMySchool

Analysis: AccordingtoAndrewCarstairs-McCarthy,inmorphologicalstudy is knownas“formsofadjective”. Theword “beautiful”hasthreesyllable.Itmustbe followed by word‘most’.Itwillbe“mostbeautiful”.So,thecorrectsentenceis “She isthemostbeautifulgirl in myclass” 6

4.2.6. Redundancy

Whengrammaticalitemorsyntacticelementis superfluous orunnecessary for thesentencetobecorrect,such an itemis redundant.Sentences withredundant itemscould beeither structurallywrongoritseems strange in English grammar.

1. It can also help your overallmentalhealthtoo. Benefitsof Dieting

Analysis: Likethecase above,theIndonesian oftenaddtheword,phraseor sentence elementsappeartomakefullsentences,butoftentheaddedelementthatmakes thesentencebecomesredundant.Word“too”hassimilarmeaningto“also.”So, theword“too”canbedroppedfromthesentence.Therefore,thecorrectsentence is“It can also help youroverallmentalhealth.” 2. Obesityputs you more at risk for diabetes, heart attack, also high cholesterol, and high blood pressuretoo. Benefitsof Dieting Analysis: Likethecase above,theIndonesian oftenaddtheword,phraseor sentence elementsappeartomakefullsentences,butoftentheaddedelementthatmakes thesentencebecomesredundant.Word“too”hassimilarmeaningto“also.”So, theword“too”canbedroppedfromthesentence.Therefore,thecorrectsentence is “ Obesityputs youmoreatriskfordiabetes,heartattack,high cholesterol,and high blood pressure.” 62 3.Soshecontinuetoread.Besidesbeingmoreinformedabouttheworld, shealsospendsher timeprofitablytoo.Family Analysis: Likethecase above,theIndonesian oftenaddtheword,phraseor sentence elementsappeartomakefullsentences,butoftentheaddedelementthatmakes thesentencebecomesredundant.Word“too”hassimilarmeaningto“also.”So, theword“too”canbedroppedfromthesentence.Therefore,thecorrectsentence is“Soshecontinuetoread.Besidesbeingmoreinformedabouttheworld,she also spend hertimeprofitably.” 4.It’s justmeandtheocean.Just me andthebeach.Justmeandmy favoriteplace intheworld. My FavouritePlace intheWorld Analysis: Likethecase above,theIndonesian oftenaddtheword,phraseor sentence elementsappeartomakefullsentences,butoftentheaddedelementthatmakes thesentencebecomesredundant.The writerusedword“and”morethanonethat makessentencebecomeredudant. So,theword“and”can beusedonlyonce. Therefore, thecorrectsentenceis “It’s justme, theocean, thebeachandmy favouriteplace.” 5.They releasepressureandteachusskillsofsurvivinginthistoughlife. Also,they provideentertainment andpleasureandhelpsocializeourlives too. Family 6 Analysis: Likethecase above,theIndonesian oftenaddtheword,phraseor sentence elementsappeartomakefullsentences,butoftentheaddedelementthatmakes thesentencebecomesredundant.Word“too”hassimilarmeaningto“also.”So, theword“too”canbedroppedfromthesentence.Therefore,thecorrectsentence is“Theyreleasepressureandteachusskillsofsurviving inthis toughlife. Also, theyprovide entertainmentand pleasureand help socializeourlives.”

4.2.7. Preposition

Prepositionisawordwhichlinksafollowing nounphrasetotherestofa clause,tellingwhattherelationshipofthatnounphraseostotheclause.Itis alwaysfollowedby nounsorpronounsandisconnectivewordthatshows relationship between the nouns following it and one of the basicsentence elements:subject,objectorcomplement. Itusually indicatesrelationships,suchas position,place,direction,time, manner, agent,possession,andconditionbetween itsobject and other partsof thesentence. 1.BoththewaterfallsandriversLibong Sitodoiswonderfulandthisisthe naturalbeautythatyoucanfindonlyatkunyiVillage,DistrictAreapi. Our Vacation Analysis: Based on Englishgrammar, weusepreposition ‘in’ for room, building, street,town,country.Forexampleinthekitchen,inLondon.Grammatically,the appropriatepreposition for thesentenceabove is‘on’ and the correctsentenceis 64 “BoththewaterfallsandriversLibongSitodoiswonderfulandthisisthenatural beauty that you canfind onlyinkunyiVillage, District Areapi.”

2. Wereachedat the airporton9 pm. Our Vacation

Analysis: BasedonEnglishgrammar,weusepreposition‘at’fornight,for weekend andacertainpointoftimewhen?.forexamplesatnight,attheweekendand,at halfpastnine.Grammatically,theappropriateprepositionforthesentenceabove is‘on’ andthe correctsentence is“Wereached theairportat9 pm.” 3. What isthe timeinyour watch?Our Vacation Analysis: BasedonEnglishgrammar,weusepreposition‘by’whenwewantto write‘bytraincarbyyourwatchby bus,etc’.Butnotethatbyisnotusedifthere isanarticle.Forexample,wewriteinthecar,onabus,andnotby thecarorbya bus.Grammatically,theappropriateprepositionforthesentenceaboveis“What isthe timebyyourwatch?”

4. We traveled intrain. Our Vacation

Analysis: BasedonEnglishgrammar,weusepreposition‘by’whenwewantto write‘by traincarbikeboatplanelandseaairetc’.Butnotethatbyisnotusedif thereisanarticle.Forexample,wewrite inthecar,onabus,andnotby thecaror 6 byabus.Grammatically,theappropriateprepositionforthesentenceaboveis “by” and the correctsentence is“We traveled bytrain.”

5. He isangryuponme. My Bestfriend

Analysis: BasedonEnglishgrammar,weuseprepositionwithin anumberof expressionswhichsayhowpeopleexpresstheirfeelingsandsensations.Common examplesare: whitewithfearrage,redwithangerembarrassment,greenwith envy,bluewith coldetc.Grammatically,theappropriateprepositionfor the sentenceabove is“with”and thecorrectsentence is“He isangrywithme.”

6. Iampleased at you. My BestFriend

Analysis: BasedonEnglishgrammar,weusepreposition within anumberof expressionswhichsayhowpeopleexpresstheirfeelingsandsensations.Common examplesare: whitewithfearrage,redwithangerembarrassment,greenwith envy,bluewith coldetc.Grammatically,theappropriateprepositionfor the sentenceabove is“with”and thecorrectsentence is“I ampleased with you.”

7. Hewastremblinginrage. Accident inMedan

Analysis: BasedonEnglishgrammar,weusepreposition within anumberof expressionswhichsayhowpeopleexpresstheirfeelingsandsensations.Common 66 examplesare: whitewithfearrage,redwithangerembarrassment,greenwith envy,bluewith coldetc.Grammatically,theappropriateprepositionfor the sentence aboveis“with”and thecorrectsentenceis“Hewastremblingwith rage.” 8. Who isinthephone?It isJohn. Family Analysis: BasedonEnglishgrammar,weusepreposition‘on’foraplacewitha river,being onasurface,for a certain sideleft,right,forafloorin ahouse,for publictransport,for television,radio.Forexamplethepictureon thewall,London lieson theThames,on the table,on the left,on thefirstfloor,on thebus,on a plane, on TV, on theradio. Grammatically,theappropriatepreposition for the sentence aboveis ‘on’andthecorrectsentenceis “Whois onthephone?Itis John.”

9. Therewasan interestingshowat TV. Family

Analysis: BasedonEnglishgrammar,weusepreposition‘on’foraplacewitha river,being onasurface,for a certain sideleft,right,forafloorin ahouse,for publictransport,for television,radio.Forexamplethepictureon thewall,London lieson the Thames,on the table,on the left,on thefirstfloor,on thebus,on a plane,onTV,ontheradio.Grammatically,theappropriateprepositionforthe 6 sentenceaboveis‘on’andthecorrectsentenceis“Therewasaninterestingshow onTV.”

10. Hehasbeen working sincetwo hours. My BestFriend

Analysis: AccordingtoMarcellaFrankinModernEnglishpartI.Whenreckoning fromaparticulardateweuse‘since’. Examples aresincelastFriday,sinceMay, sincemorning,since July8th.Butnote thatwealwaysuse‘for’foraperiod. Examplesare: foraweek,foralongtime,fortwohoursetc.Grammatically,the appropriateprepositionbeforewords“twohours” inthesentenceaboveis“for”and the correctsentence is“Hehasbeenworking fortwo hours.”

11. Ihavenotplayed cricketsincea longtime. Family

Analysis: AccordingtoMarcellaFrankinModernEnglishpartI.Whenreckoning fromaparticulardateweuse‘since’. Examples aresincelastFriday,sinceMay, sincemorning,since July8th.Butnote thatwealwaysuse‘for’foraperiod. Examplesare: foraweek,foralongtime,fortwohoursetc.Grammatically,the appropriatepreposition beforewords“along time” inthesentenceaboveis“for” and the correctsentence is“I havenotplayed cricketfora long time.”

12. Iwill meethimon12 p.m. Accidentin Medan

Analysis: 68 According toMarcellaFrankinModernEnglishpartI.Whenpointout specifictime, nameof street,indicatean emailaddress weuse‘at’.Examplesare, at1o’clock,at JlSimalingkarRaya no08,andatria_syagmail.com. Grammatically,theappropriateprepositionbefore “12p.m” inthesentence above is“at”and thecorrectsentence is“I willmeet you at12 p.m.”

13. There isapartyinthe club house. Our Vacation

Analysis: BasedonEnglishgrammar,weusepreposition ‘at’formeaningnextto, byanobject,fortable,forevents,placewhereyouaretodosomethingtypical watchafilm,study,work.Commonexamples are: atthedoor,atthestation,at the table, at a concert, at the party, at the cinema, at school, at work.Grammatically,theappropriateprepositionforthesentenceaboveis“at” and the correctsentence is“There isa partyatthe club house.”

14. Therewerehundredsof peopleonthepark. Our Vacation

Analysis: BasedonEnglishgrammar,weusepreposition ‘at’formeaningnextto, byanobject,fortable,forevents,placewhereyouaretodosomethingtypical watchafilm,study,work.Commonexamples are: atthedoor,atthestation,at thetable, ataconcert, at theparty,at thecinema, atschool, atwork. Grammatically, theappropriateprepositionfor thesentenceaboveis “at”and the correctsentence is“Therewerehundredsofpeopleatthepark.” 6

15. Wesawabaseballgameinthestadium. Our Vacation

Analysis: BasedonEnglishgrammar,weusepreposition ‘at’formeaningnextto, byanobject,fortable,forevents,placewhereyouaretodosomethingtypical watchafilm,study,work.Commonexamples are: atthedoor,atthestation,at thetable, ataconcert, at theparty,at thecinema, atschool, atwork. Grammatically, theappropriateprepositionfor thesentenceaboveis “at”and the correctsentence is“Wesaw a baseballgameatthestadium.”

16. Pleaseemailmeonabcdefg.com. MyHobby

Analysis: According toMarcellaFrankinModernEnglishpartI.Whenpointout specifictime, nameof street,indicatean emailaddress weuse‘at’.Examplesare, at1o’clock,at JlSimalingkarRaya no08,andatria_syagmail.com. Grammatically,theappropriateprepositionforthesentenceaboveis“at”andthe correctsentence is“Please emailmeat abcdefg.com According to MarcellaFrank in ModernEnglish partI.When wewant to indicateanactivity weuse‘in’.Grammatically,theappropriateprepositionfor thesentenceaboveis “in”andthecorrectsentence is “ Iamgoodatdrawinga portrait.” .”

17. Iamgood indrawingaportrait. Family

Analysis: 70

18. She alwaysreadsnewspapersat themorning. Family

Analysis: AccordingtoMarcellaFrankinModernEnglishpartI.Weuse‘in’ for unspecifictimesduring aday,years,aocationor place. Examplesare, in1975,in theevening, andatin thehospital. Grammatically,theappropriatepreposition for thesentenceaboveis “in”andthecorrectsentenceis“Shealwaysreads newspapersinthemorning.”

19. We are currentlystaying onahotel. Our Vacation

Analysis: AccordingtoMarcellaFrankinModernEnglishpartI.Weuse‘in’ for unspecifictimesduringaday,years,alocationorplace.Examplesare,in1975,inthe evening,andatin thehospital.Grammatically,theappropriatepreposition forthesentenceaboveis“in”andthecorrectsentenceis“Wearecurrently staying ina hotel.” 20.Atpreparingforthefinalreport,werevisedthetaskthreetimes.My School Analysis: According to MarcellaFrank inModernEnglish partI.Weuse “in”when wewanttoexpresswhiledoing something andindicateabelief,opinion,interest, orfeeling.Grammatically,theappropriateprepositionforthesentenceaboveis 7 “in”andthecorrectsentenceis“Inpreparingforthefinalreport,werevisedthe task threetimes.” 21.Acatchphraseneedstobeimpressiveatmarketingaproduct.My Hobby Analysis: According to MarcellaFrank inModernEnglish partI.Weuse “in”when wewanttoexpresswhiledoing something andindicateabelief,opinion,interest, orfeeling.Grammatically,theappropriateprepositionforthesentence aboveis “in”and thecorrectsentenceis “Inpreparing for thefinalreport,werevised the tone threetimes. “A catch phraseneedstobe impressivein marketing a product.”

22. Iamnot interested at gambling. Family

Analysis: According to MarcellaFrank inModernEnglish partI.Weuse “in”when wewanttoexpresswhiledoing something andindicateabelief,opinion,interest, orfeeling.Grammatically,theappropriateprepositionforthesentence aboveis “in” andthecorrectsentence is“I amnotinterestedin gambling.”

23. Iwasborn atMedan. Family

Analysis: Based on Englishgrammar, weusepreposition ‘in’ for room, building, street,town,country.Forexampleinthekitchen,inLondon.Grammatically,the 72 appropriateprepositionforthesentenceaboveis‘on’andthecorrectsentenceis “I wasborn inMedan”

4.2.8. ParallelismStructure

Eachlanguagehas its ownrules ofgrammaticalstructurewhich differentiatesbetweenonelanguageandanotherone.Oneuseofaconjunctionis to connect words or phrases that have the samegrammatical function in a sentence.Thisuseofconjunctioniscalledparallelstructure.By thisconjunction wecanonlycombinecertainwordsthathavesimilarfunctionasnoun,adjective, andadverb,etc.Thepartsthatarecombinedshouldbesimilar.Whenalltheparts ofseries inasentencehavethesamegrammaticalstructure,thesentencehas goodparallelstructure.Aseriesmayhavetwo,three,fourormoreparts,butall partsmustbeparallel. 1.Theyalso,teachyouhowtoacceptloosingandhow tryagainand again tillachieving yourgoals.Importance and Benefitsof Sports Analysis: Manysentencespresentaseriesofideas aboutonepersonorobject.All partofaseries musthavethesamegrammaticalstructure.Whenalltheparts ofa seriesinasentencehavethesamegrammaticalstructure, thesentencehasgood parallelstructure.Aseriesmay havetwo,three,fourormoreparts,butallparts mustbeparallel.Such asthesentenceabove,theverb“try”isunparallelbecause theydonotuse“toinfinitive”.Whilethepreviousverbuses“toinfinitive”like “toaccpet”.So,theverb“try” mustbein“toinfinitive”andbecome“totry”. 7 Hence,thecorrectsentenceis“Theyalso,teachyouhowtoacceptloosingand how to tryagain and againtillachievingyourgoals.” 2. He likeshiking, swimming, and to rideabicycle. Mybestfriend Analysis: Manysentencespresentaseriesofideas aboutonepersonorobject.All partofaseries musthavethesamegrammaticalstructure.Whenalltheparts ofa seriesinasentencehavethesamegrammaticalstructure, thesentencehasgood parallelstructure.Aseriesmay havetwo,three,fourormoreparts,butallparts mustbeparallel.Suchasthesentence above,theverb“toride”isunparallel becausethey donotuse“V-ing”.Whilethepreviousverbuses“V-ing”like “hiking”and “swimming”.So,theverb“toride” mustbein “V-ing”andbecome “riding”.Hence,thecorrectsentenceis“Marylikeshiking,swimming,andriding a bicycle.” 3. The production manager was asked to write his report quickly, accurately, and in adetailed manner.MyHobby Analysis: Manysentencespresentaseriesofideas aboutonepersonorobject.All partofaseries musthavethesamegrammaticalstructure.Whenalltheparts ofa seriesinasentencehavethesamegrammaticalstructure, thesentencehasgood parallelstructure.Aseriesmay havetwo,three,fourormoreparts,butallparts mustbeparallel.Suchasthesentenceabove,theword“detailedmanner”is 74 unparallelbecauseits notuesd “adverbof manner”.Whiletheprevious words use like “quickly”and“accurately”.So,thewords“detailed manner” mustbe in “adverbofmanner”and become“throughly”.Hence,the correctsentence is“The productionmanager was asked towritehis reportquickly,accurately,and thoroughly.”

4.2.9. MissplacedWord

Every languagehasitsownuniquegrammar.JustlikeEnglish,Bahasa Indonesiaalsohasitsowngrammar.Beforeuttering asentenceinaforeign language,oneusually arrangesthesentencesinhisorhermindinhisorhernative languageandlaterchanges intotheunintendedlanguage.Sometimes,theoutcome hasthesamewordby wordpositionwiththeoriginallanguage.Asstatedby ChaedarAlwasilahaboutonetypeofbilingualcompetencenamely subcoordinate bilingualismwhereabilingualinthis typecannotdistinguishthetermas separatething.Whenheorshespeakstendtotranslatewordby wordalanguagethatheor she meant.

1. Thebeach isprobablyyou don’tknowTanjungSetiaBeach

Analysis: BasedonEnglishgrammar,theword‘probably’comesbeforethe subject. Inthesentenceabove“probably”isinthe inappropriateplace,itcomesbetween subject andverb.conjunctionfor thatsentence aboveshouldbewrittenbefore subject and after it mustbegiven comma. Thus, the correctsentence is“Probably, you don’t know thebeach is” 7 2.WhenyouarriveatTanjungSetia,youthenwillseeaverylongbeach with blueseaand bigwaves. TanjungSetiaBeach Analysis: Basedon Englishgrammar, conjunction like“then”comes beforethe subject.Inthesentenceabove,conjunction“then”is inthe inappropriateplace,it comesbetweensubjectandverb.conjunctionforthatsentenceaboveshouldbe writtenbeforsubject andafteritmustbe givencomma.Thus,thecorrectsentence is“WhenyouarriveatTanjungSetia,thenyouwillseeavery longbeachwith bluesea and big waves.” 3.AsI justsitdownonthesandmymindstartstounwind.My Favourite Place intheWorld Anaysis: BasedonEnglishgrammar,theword‘just’comesbeforethesubject.In thesentenceabove“just”isinthe inappropriateplace,itcomesbetweensubject andverb.conjunctionfor thatsentence aboveshouldbewritten beforsubject and afteritmustbegivencomma.Thus,thecorrectsentence is“JustasIsitdownon thesand mymind startsto unwind.”

4. Iamnowatpeace. MyfavouritePlacein theWorld

Analysis: Basedon Englishgrammar,verboftime like“now”comes beforethe subject.Inthesentenceabove,conjunction“now”isintheinappropriateplace,it 76 comesbetweensubjectandverb.conjunctionforthatsentenceaboveshouldbe writtenbeforsubject andafteritmustbe givencomma.Thus,thecorrectsentence is“Now, I amatpeace.”

5. I believe that now many people love themselves no matter how

beautifulor uglytheyare. Importance and Benefitsof Sports Analysis: Basedon Englishgrammar,verboftime like“now”comes beforethe subject.Inthesentenceabove,conjunction“now”isinthe inappropriateplace,it comesbetweensubjectandverb.conjunctionforthatsentenceaboveshouldbe writtenbeforsubject andafteritmustbe givencomma.Thus,thecorrectsentence is“Now,Ibelievethat manypeople love themselvesnomatterhowbeautiful or ugly theyare.”

4.3. Findings

Aftercolectingand analyzingthe data essay text made by English Literature’sstudents,thenumber of datafound: GrammaticalErrors TypesofGrammaticalError Amount 1 Subject-Verb Agreement 30 2 Singular Plural 10 3 To Infinitive 9 7 4 PassiveVoice 14 5 FormsofAdjective 5 6 Redudancy 5 7 Preposition 23 8 ParallelStructure 3 9 Misplaced Words 5 Total 104 EssaysoftheStudentsofLiteratureDepartment has the analysisobject.In thisthesis, thewriter hasfound the answersof research, namely: Therearenine9grammaticalerrorsfoundintheessays,they are: Subject- VerbAgreement,PassiveVoice, ToInfinitive,Forms ofAdjective, Preposition,Redudancy,MisplacedWords andParallelismStructure.Afterdoing the anaysis,thewriter hastabulated thegrammatical errorsand the totalnumber is 106datas.ForSubject-VerbAgreementis30datasorabout28.84,Singular Pluralis10datasorabout9.61,ToInfinitiveis9datasorabout8.65, PassiveVoiceis14datasorabout13.46,FormsofAdjectiveis5datasor about4.80,Redundancyis5datasorabout4.80,Preposition is23datasor about22.11,ParallelismStructureis3datasorabout2.88,andthelast, MissplacedWord is 5datas or about4.80.So, themostdominantgrammatical found in the essaysisSubject-VerbAgreement.