PREDICTION OF DUSTFALL GENERATION IN AMBIENT AIR OVER AN INCEPTISOL SOIL AREA

IS B N 9 7 8 -9 7 9 -9 5 0 9 3 -9 -0 wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZY

rnoc

~I~Iu

;S

KJIHGFEDCBA
J
mlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVU

FACULlY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES,
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
IPB International Convention Center
15 -GFEDCBA
I t ' November 2013

Published By

ISBN: 978-979-95093-9-0

PROCEEDINGS
155 wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
2013DCBA
In te r n a tio n a l S e m in a r o n S c ie n c e s

2013

"Perspectives o n In n o v a tiv e S c ie n c e s "
Bagor 15-17 November
IPB International

2013

Convention

Center

Published by

Faculty of Mathematics

and Natural Sciences

Bogor Agricultural

University

Copyright© 2014
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University
Proceedings ofIntemational Seminar on Sciences 2013 "Perspectives on Innovative S
Bogor 15-17 November 2013.
Published by: FMIPA-IPB, Jalan Meranti Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680
Telp/Fax:GFEDCBA
0 2 5 1 -8 6 2 5 4 8 1 /8 6 2 5 7 0 8
http://fmipa.ipb.ac.id
ixmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
+ 395 pages
ISBN:KJIHGFEDCBA
9 7 8 -9 7 9 -9 5 0 9 3 -9 -0

F O R E W O R D mlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
e International

Seminar on Sciences wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
2013, which had the main theme "Perspectives on Innovative

nces", was organized

on November

~nces, Bogor Agricultural
b4ilding network

University.

is" -iz". 2013

by the Faculty of Mathematics

This event aimed at sharing knowledge

and collaborations

among

scientists

from

various

and Natural

and expertise,

institutions

as well

at national

and

ernationallevel.
entific presentations

in this seminar

out 120 contributions

consisted

of oral and poster

of a keynote

presentations.

speech, some invited

Among

speeches, and

66 full papers lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPO

the contributions,

ve been submitted and reviewed to be published in this proceeding. These papers were clustered in
Ir groups according to our themes:
A. Sustainability

and Science Based Agriculture

B. Science of Complexity
C. Mathematics,

Statistics and Computer

Science

D. Biosciences and Bioresources
~hisoccasion, we would

like to express our thanks and gratitude

ited speakers: Minister

of Science and Technology,

an), Prof. Kanaya (Nara
yama University,

Institute

Prof. Manabu

of Science and Technology,

Japan), Emmanuel

Paradis, PhD. (Institut

would like also to extend
derful cooperation,
nks are addressed
owledge

and

to

our thanks

our
our

D. Yamanaka (Kobe University,

NAIST, Japan),

Prof.

Ken Tanaka

pour le Developpernent,

University),

and Prof. Dr. Ir. Antonius

University).
and appreciation

the great coordination,

express

keynote and

de Recherche

, France), Prof. Dr. Ir. Rizaldi Boer, MS (Bogor Agricultural
anto, M.Sc. (Bogor Agricultural

to our distinguished

and the fascinating

colleagues

and

thanks

all friends,

to

to all participants

staffs

who

help

colleagues,

efforts.
in

Appreciation

editing
and

and referees

staffs

process.
of

the

for the

and special
Finally,
Faculty

we
of

thematlcs and Natural Sciences IPB for their help and support.

or, March 2014
!.Organizing Committee
!rnational Seminar on Sciences 2013

iv

T a b l e o f C o n t e n t wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCB
Page
Board of Editors

111

Foreword

IV mlkjihgfedcbaZYX

Table of Content
A . S u s ta in a b ility

V

a n d S c ie n c e

B ased

A g r ic u ltu r e

Development of a natural rubber dryer Based on multi energy

Didin Suwardin, Afrizal

resources (biomass, solar and wind)

Vachlepi, Mili Pubaya, Sherly

3

Hanifarianty
Characterization ofHDTMABr-modified

Natural Zeolite and its

Budi Riza Putra, Latifah K

Application in Cr(VI) Adsorption

Darusman, Eti Rohaeti

Potency of Andrographis
Combination Extract as

Wulan Tri Wahyuni, Latifah K

paniculata, Tinospora crispa, and

7

17

Darusman, Rona Jutama

a-Glucosidase Inhibitor and Chromatographic

Fingerprint Profile

of the Ex tracts
Utilization of Frond Palm Oil as Second Generation Bioethanol

Deliana Dahnum, Dyah Styarini,

Production using Alkaline Pretreatment

Sudiyarmanto,

and Separated Hydrolysis

21

Muryanto,

and Fermentation Method

Haznan Abimanyu

Pretreatment of Grass Biomass with Biological Process for

Desy Kumiawati, Muhamad

Efficient Hydrolysis

Natsir, Rahrni Febrialis and

27

Prima Endang Susilowati
Alkaloid Compounds

from Oil-Free Mahogany Seed (Swietenia

macrophylla, King) and Hypoglycemia

Effect of Mahogany Seed

Sri Mursiti, Sabirin Matsjeh,

31

lumina, and Mustofa

on The Rat (Rattus novergicus)

. Utilization OfVetiver

Roots Waste Product as Strong, Low

Density, and Eco Friendly Material Pot

Galuh Suprobo, Tatang

43

Gunawan, Cynthia Andriani, Rio
Candra Islami

Green Products from Wastewater ofTempe

Industry

Susanti Pudji Hastuti, Yofi

47

Bramantya Adi, Bary Fratama,
Samuel Arunglabi,
Dewi KAK Hastuti, and Santoso
Sastrodiharjo
Saccharification of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch After Alkaline

Muryanto, Eka Triwahyuni,

Pretreatment Followed by Electron Beam Irradiation for Ethanol

Yanni Sudiyani

55

Production

Isolation and Screening of Endophytic Bacteria from Bark of Raru Wasinton Simanjuntak, Heri
Plant (Tarrietia ribiginosa) and Their Potential for Bioetahnol
ProductionDCBA

61

Satria, and Nurul Utami

L
V

The Effect of Hypertension

Herbs Formula to The Kidney

Agus Triyono, Saryanto

67

71

Functions
The Use of Activated Carbon from Bintaro Fruit-Shell (Cerbera

Armi Wulanawati, Kamella

manghas) as an Adsorbent to Increase Water Quality

Gustina and Djeni Hendra

Analysis of Active Compounds from Mangosteen Rind (Garcinia

Fachrurrazie,

Harry Noviardi

77

mangostana L.) by Binding Affinity to The Androgen Receptor as
Anti-Prostate Cancer Drug Candidates

Antioxidant Activity from Formula of Jati Belanda (Guazuma

Syaefudin, Sulistiyani, Edy

ulmifolia Lamk.), Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava Linn.), and Salam

Djauhari Purwakusumah

81

(Eugenia polyantha Wight.) Leaves Extract
Diversity of Bacterial Mercury Reductase Resistance (merA) from Prima Endang Susilowati, Sapto
Bombana Gold Mine

Raharjo, Rachmawati Rusdin,
Muzuni

Brake Fern (Pteris vittata) as a Prospective Heavy Metal

Mochamad Taufiq Ridwan, Rike

Accumulator: Utilization Potentials of Harvested Biomass and

Tri Kumala Dewi and Agung

Heavy Metal

Hasan Lukman

Protein Content Enhancement

of Spirulina platensis by

Supartinah Noer and Asri Peni

Wastewater Medium

Wulandari

Development immobilized enzyme of white-rot fungus for

Ajeng Arum Sari and Sanro

decolorization of RBBR

Tachibana

Simple and Rapid Screening Method for Early Identification of

Sintho Wahyuning Ardie, Nurul

Salt Tolerant Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv)

Khumaida, and Amin Nur

Metabolites of Lactobacillus

Suryani, Ridho Pratama, Dimas
Andrianto
subsp. bulgaricusKJIHGFEDCBA

by Using Extracellular

delbrueckii

91

99

Irving Noor Arifin, !in

Phosphorus Limitation and Nitrogen Addition in Beef Cattle

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

87

103

109

113

119

B . S c ie n c e o f C o m p le x ity

Winda Aryani, Idung Risdiyanto

121

Microbial Cellulolytic Isolation and Identification from Durian

Hapsoh, Gusmawartati

129

Leather Waste

Ujang Al Husnah

Predicting Water Surplus and Water Deficit in the Paddy Rice

Johanis H. Panelewen, Johannes

Production Center in North Sulawesi Using the Water Balance
Model

E. X. Rogi and Wiske

Prediction of Dustfall Generation in Ambient Air over an

Arief Sabdo Yuwono, Lia

Inceptisoi Soil Area

Amaliah

Regional Heat Capacity Changes due to Changes of Land Cover
Composition Using Landsat-5 TM Data

dan

135

Rotinsulu3
143

vi

Carboxymethyl at ion of Microfibrillated

Cellulose to Improve

Fitri Adilla, Lisman

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Poly lactic Acid Composites Suryanegara,
.' •
Achmadi
Esterification of Microfibrillated

Cellulose with Various

Ajeng Mawangi, Lisman

Anhydrides to Improve Thermal and Mechanical Properties of

Suryanegara,

polylactic Acid Composite

Achmadi

Thermal and Mechanical Properties Improvement of Poly lactic

Resty Dwi Andinie, Lisman

Acid-Nanocellulose

Composites by AcetylationKJIHGFEDCBA

Suryanegara,

149

Sutninar S .

155

Suminar S.

161

Suminar S.

Achmadi
C . M a th e m a tic s ,

S ta tis tic s

a n d C o m p u te r

167

S c ie n c e

The comparison spatial distribution observed, estimatated using

Rado Yendra, Ari Pani Desvina,

Neyman-Scott Rectangular Pulse Method (NSRP), and simulation

Abdul Aziz Jemain

169

for mean of one-hour rain and probability of 24-hour rain
Optimal V AR Injection Based on Neural Network Current State

Dimas Fajar Uman P, Ontoseno

Estimator for 20kV Surabaya Electrical Distribution System

Penangsang,

Fire-Fighting Robot Navigation System Using Wall Following

Karlisa Priandana, Erwin M Y

Algorithm and Fuzzy Logic

Chriswantoro,

Analysis and Solving ofOutliers

in Longitudinal Data

175

Adi Soeprijanto

181

Mushthofa

Viarti Eminita, Indahwati,

187

AnangKurnia
Implementation of Flowers and Ornamental Plants Landscape

Meuthia Rachmaniah and

Information System using Cloud Computing Technology

Iswarawati

Cluster Information of Non-sampled

Rahma Anisa, Anang Kurnia,

Estimation with Non-normally

Area in Small Area

Di tributed Area Random Effects

193

199

Indahwati

and Auxiliary Variables
Study of Overdispersion

for Poisson and Zero-Inflated Poisson

Regression on Some Characteristics

of the Data

Lili Puspita Rahayu, Kusman

203

Sadik, Indahwati

The Effect of Two-Way and Three-Way Interaction of Perceived

Enny Kristiani, Ujang

Rewards on the Relationship Quality

Sumarwan, Lilik Noor Yulianti

209

& Asep Saefuddin
Implementation of Inverse Kinematics for the Coordination

Wulandari, Karlisa Priandana,

Control of Six Legged Robot

Agus Buono

" Detection of C Code Plagiarism by Using K-Means

Ahmad Ridha, Abi Panca

213

219

Gumilang
Ahmad Ridha, Agus Simamora

223

Multidimensional Poverty Measurement Using Counting

Indah Soraya, Irwan Susanto,

229

Approach and Dual Cutoff Method in District of Banyumas

Mania Roswitha

Temporal Entity Tagging for Indonesian Documents

vii

Minimizing Linear Optimization Model of Basic Reproduction

D. Chaerani, A. Anisah, N.

Number in a Fixed Number of Vaccination Coverage using

Anggriani, Firdaniza

235

Interior Point Method Approach
Expert System for Plant Growth using Hormones and Exogenous

Yaasiinta Cariens, Karlina Nisa

241

The Effect of Divergent Branches on GPU-Based Parallel Program Hendra Rahmawan, Yudi Satria

247

Factors based on Fuzzy Approach

Performance

Gondokaryono

Ensemble of Extreme Estimates Based on Modified

Aji Hamim Wigena, Anik

Champemowne and Generalized Pareto Distributions

Djuraidah, Muhammad Hafid

Genetic Algorithms Application for Case Study of

Septian Rahardiantoro,

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (M CD A)

Sartono, Totong Martono

Bagus

253

259

on the Data Contained Missing Value
An Implementation

of Parallel AES Algorithm

Aditya Erlangga, Endang

for Data Encryption with GPU

Pumama Giri, Karlisa Priandana

Constructing Orthogonal Fractional Factorial Split-Plot Designs

Bagus Sartono, Yenni Angraini,

by Selecting a Subdesign Dependently to Another Subdesign

Indahwati

Spatial Clustering of Hotspots using DBSCAN and ST-DBSCAN

Utsri Yustina Purwanto, Baba
Barus,and

Gap between the Lower and Upper Bounds for the Iteration
Complexity of Interior-Point
Black Approximation

269

275

Hari Agung Adrianto

Bib Paruhum Silalahi

281

Jacob Stevy Seleky, Endar H.

287

Methods

To Determine Value Of Call Option On

tockKJIHGFEDCBA
I n Indone ian
tock Exchange
Analysi

265

Nugrahani, I Gusti Putu Pumaba

of Portfolio Optimization With and Without Shortselling

Kaleem Saleem, Abdul Kohar

291

Basd on Diagonal Model: Evidence from Indonesian Stock Market Irwanto, Endar Hasafah
Nugrahani
Community Network Framework as a Support of Successful

Rina Trisminingsih,

Agricultural Community

Suryadi, Husni S. Sastramihardja

THE TRANSMISSION

MODEL OF DENGUE FEVER

DISEASE: A COMPUTER
Improving the Independence

SIMULA nON

MODEL

of the Components of a

Christine

Paian Sianturi, Ali Kusnanto,

305

Fahren Bukhari
Hari Wijayanto, Bagus Sartono,

Decomposition in Time Series Data

Casia Nursyifa

Modeling and Empirical Mapping of Vehicular Traffic System:

Endar H. Nugrahani, Hadi

Case Study of Jabodetabek

Sumamo,

Region

299

311

322

Ali Kusnanto

viii

D . B io s c ie n c e s

32~
a n d B i o r e s o u r c e s wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

A QuEChERS Based Method for The Dete'rmination of Pesticide

Harmoko, Rahmana Emran

Residues in Indonesian Green Coffee Beans Using Liquid

Kartasasmita,

Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tresnawati

Design and Implementation

Mohamad Agung Prawira

of Roaster Control System Using

and Astika

33~lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQP

Negara, Satryo Budi Utomo,

Image Processing

Sumardi
Genetic Variation ofDGATllEaeI

Gene ofHolstein

Friesian in

Santiananda A. Asmarasari

33S

Ainia Herminiati, Sri

34:

National Dairy Cattle Stations
The Potency of Dahlia Tubers as Prebiotic for Functional Food

Pudjiraharti, Budi Setiawan
DNA identification using Markov Chain as feature extraction and

Toto Haryanto, Habib Rijzaani,

Probabilistic Neural Network as classifier

Muhammad Luthfi Fajar

Multiple Sequence Alignment with Star Method in Graphical

Muhammad Adi Puspo Sujiwo,

Processing Unit using CUDA

Wisnu Ananta Kusuma

Abalone (Haliotis asinina) Wound Detection System Using

Noer Fitria Putra Setyono, Aziz

35

36.

Kustiyo, Dwi Eny Djoko
Histogram and MorphologymlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Setyono
2

3

Local Alignment of DNA Sequence Using Smith-Waterman

Fariz Ashar Himawan,Wisnu

Algorithm

Ananta Kusuma

Agronomic performance

and yield potential of 18 corn varieties in Anggi Nindita, Willy Bayuardi

Indonesia

37

37

Suwarno, Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo,
Perdtnan
~i Mahmudatussa'adah

38

Determination of Harvesting Time of Three Peanut Varieties

Heni Pumamawati,

38

Based on Heat Unit Accumulation

Setiawan Santoso, Yudiwanti

Characteristic and Phisychochemical

Properties of Sweet Potatoes

(Ipomoea batatas L)
5

Yoga

Wahyu
6

Respon of Celery (Apium graveolens) Leaves Yield to Plant

Karo, B, Marpaung, A. E.,

Population and Seed Number Per Planting Hole

Tarigan, R., Barus, S. and
Khaririyatun, N.

39

P r e d ic tio n

o f D u s tfa ll G e n e r a tio n

Inceptisol
AriefGFEDCBA
S a b d o Yuwono
•

1)

i n A m b i e n t A i r o v e r a n wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba

S o i l A r e a lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

1), L ia A m a lia h

2)

mlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,
Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia (email: arieCsabdo_yuwono@yahoo.co.id)

2)

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,
Bogor Agricultural University (IPB). Bogor, Indonesia (email: lia_amaliah92@ymail.com)

Abstract
Air quality deterioration due to bare land mishandling tends to increase according to the human activity
acceleration. The environmental impact thereof is an increase of dustfall and particulate matter concentration in
ambient air, increase of human respiratory diseases as well as visibility reduction. The objective of the research
is firstly to measure dustfall concentration in ambient air over an area of which the land consisted of mainly
Inceptisol soil. The second objective is to measure dustfall concentration in a laboratory scale ambient air. The
third objective is to develop a mathematical model to predict dustfall concentration in ambient air as influencea
by soil water content and wind speed. The field experiment was conducted in an open area in Bogoi
Municipality where the land consisted mainly of Inceptisol soil. The laboratory experiment was conducted in c
, tunnel model where the land surface was covered by Inceptisol soil layer of 3 cm depth. The development Oj
mathematical model was based on those field and laboratory experiments. The materials and instruments usec
during thefield and laboratory e.xperiments were a set of dustfall canister [AS-20II-I},
blower [Hercules; 06(
cm; 220 V; 170 W], digital anemometer [Lutron AM-420I}, digital moisture tester [OGA TA-5}, tunnel [7.6 n
length; 0.76 m width,' 2.4 m height}, analytical balance [OHAUS Aventuror Pro}, Petri dish [0=80 mm], f ilt e i
paper IOj1 [Whatmann #4lj, universal oven [UNB 400} and timer. The result of the experiments showed tha
average dustfall concentration in ambient air was 8.6 and 11.1 [ton/kmi.month] for field and laboratory seal.
experiment, respectively. The fittest mathematical model to predict dustfall generation [Y} over an area ~
Inceptisol soil as influenced by wind speed was Y=8.87x 2-2.34x+5.198
where "x " denoted the wind speed ove,
the land. The prediction model as influenced by moisture content was Y=259.I-ll.7x
where "x represents th.
soil moisture content. The result of the experiment indicated that dustfall concentration in ambient air wa.
strongly influenced by soil moisture content.
Keywords: ambient air, dustfall, generation,

inceptisol, soil moisture content.

I. INTRODUCTION
Naturally du tfall can be generated from dry
soil carried out by the wind. Certain wind speed can
lead to the lifting of the fines fractions of the soil
surface resulting in dustfall [4, 20], Based on the
study [6], concentration of dustfall increases with
increasing soil erosion due to wind. Judging from
the pattern of movement by the wind, dustfall can
impact both locally and globally on the ecosystem
(7]. Factors affecting soil erosion are [3, 5, 8, 11, 13,
18, 19]: (1) Energy (erosivity),
including the
potential ability of rain and surface runoff/wind, (2)
Sensitivity of land (erodibility), depending on the
physical, mechanical and chemical factors, and (3)
protection, dealing with land cover.
Levels of air pollution including dustfall on
certain areas correlated with a combination of local

meteorological
factors [2]. On this basis, th.
objective of the research were to measure dustfal
concentration
in ambient air over an area 01
Inceptisol soil which is one of the major soil types i'
Java [15], to measure dust fall concentration in
laboratory scale ambient air, and to develop
mathematical model to predict dustfall concentratio
in ambient air as influenced by soil water conter
and wind speed.

n. RESEARCH

METHODS

This study was carried out in February t
March 2013. Measurements
were carried Ol
over an open area of Inceptisol soil in th
Bogor
Municipality
and
laboratory
c
Environmental
Engineering of the Departmer
of Civil and Environmental Engineering.

The
materials
and
instruments
used
blower [Hercules; ~ 60 cm; 220 V; 170 W
during the field and laboratory
experiments
digital anemometer
[Lutron AM-4201], digiti
were a set of dustfall canister [AS-2011-1],DCBA moisture
tester
[OGA TA-5], tunnel
[7.6 r

-Proceedings

ISS 2013

14

length; 0.76 m width;wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
2.4 m height], analytical
concentration measurement in the field are presente
balance [OHAUS Aventuror
Pro], Petri dish
in Fig. 1.
[0=80 mm], filter paper 1011 [Whatmann #41],
The laboratory experiment was conducted in
universal oven [UNB 400] and timer.lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
tunnel where the land surface was covered by
Inceptisol soil layer of 3 cm depth (Fig. 2). Wind
A. Measurement of Dustfall Generation in the Field
with 1.2 m/s speed was mechanically generated by a
and Laboratory
blower 1.5 m above soil surface in the tunnel, thus
forming a dustfall generation in the ambient air and
The placement of Dustfall Canister during
hence the soil water content decreases. Generation
direct measurements in the field was done according
of the dustfall was measured based on the method as
with national reference [14]. Measurements of soil
shown in Fig. 1.
moisture content and wind speed were conducted
three times per day. The steps of dustfall

Filter oven for 1-2 hours

Soil samples were taken
to measure water content

.•

•

Filter paper of dustfall
canister put back in an
oven and desiccator
respectively for 2 hours

Fig. 1. Method

Filter put in a desiccator
2-3 hours

Recorded measurement
time (t) in hours and wind
speed (v) in rnIs

the concentration

Filter included on Dustfall
Canister

Filter paper on Dustfall
Canister was taken

Dustfall Canister and
wind speed gauges
installed in locations

•

The difference
initial and final
the filter is the
the generated
(W)

The final filter is weighed
(W2)

of measuring

Initial weight of the filter
is weighed (W1)

between
weight of
weight of
dustfall

Dustfall generation was
calculated (1)

of dustfall

Layout

g

B lo w t.'f

DU5!r,,11

col ector
Wind

direction

'\1GFEDCBA
\ l ~ ':j

.¥..

7"ncm
SitJe view

Flg. 2. Tunnel

for the measurement

C=~

(1)

A xT

Remarks:
W = dustfall weight

144

Front view

of dustfall

A

= surface

C

=

T

= measurement

area of canister (km2)

dustfall generation

(ton/km+rnonthl

time (months)

(tons)DCBA

Proceedings

ISS 2013

except on the land clearing location of the Forester
B. Data Analysis Procedures wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Referring to the book [16], the data analysis
Housing (Fig. 3). Dustfall generation on land
clearing location of Forester Housing has a high
techniques used in this study is Pearson Correlation
w i"ih ' the
Technique. Data analysis was performedGFEDCBA
value due to land at the site includes the land
aid of a personal computer using data processing
disturbed by human activities, so that the dustfall
generation tends to be larger, while the dustfall
program
Minitab.
The
development
of
mathematical model was based on those field and
generation in open fields (Gymnasium IPB) and in
Carangpulang Village were relatively low due to
laboratory experiments.
the presence of trees and less human activities
Ill. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
around the measurement point. Measurement of
A. Measurement of Dustfall Generation in the
dustfall generation in the field is influenced by local
Field
conditions such as buildings and trees, topography
Generally, dustfall generation in the field was
(valley and mountain)
and local weather or
under the governmental standard according to the
meteorological
factors.
mlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGF
PP. 41 of 1999 pertaining on Air Pollution Control

(a)

(b)

Fig.3. Measurement
of dustfall generation in
( P B (b); land
Carangpulang
Village (a); Gymnasium KJIHGFEDCBA
clearing location of Forester Housing (c)

Based on the results of the correlation analysis
with Pearson
Correlation
Technique,
P-value
generated in field measurements is less than the
value of a (0.05). Thus, it indicated that there is a
real relation between the dustfall generation, wind
speed and soil water content on Inceptisol soil. The
resulting Pearson correlation coefficient showed a
negative correlation between the dustfall generation
and the soil moisture content and a positive
correlation between the dustfall generation and the

(c)

wind speed. This means that the higher soil
moisture content, the lower dustfall generation is
formed. However, with higher wind speed, the
dustfall generation formed will too high. This is
consistent with research [3] where the increase in
soil moisture content will increase the cohesive
forces between soil particles, so it requires a higher
wind speed to lift the fine fractions of the soil
surface' in wet conditions. Minitab Output on the
measurement results directly in the field is given ir
Table 1. Measurement result of dustfall generatior
in the field is presented in Table 2.

Table I. Minitab Output of correlation measurements in the field
Parameters
Magnitude
-0.511
Pearson coefficient of dustfall and soil moisture content
P-Value
0.011
26.1
I
linear relationship
R-Sq (%)
27..4
I quadratic relationship
0.434
Pearson coefficient of dustfall and wind speed
P-value
R-Sq (%)

Proceedings ISS 2013

0.034

I
I

linear relationship
quadratic relationship

18.8
19.2

14!

Table 2. Measurement results of dustfall eneration in the field
Dustfall Generation
Wind speed
Location wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
(ton/krni.rnonth)
(m/s)

0.8-8.6

Carangpulang Village

0.1-1.5

0.4-16.7
Gymnasium IPB lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

0.1-1.0

Land clearing of Forester Housing

0.1-2.0

8.4-16.8

B. Measurement
of Dustfall Generation in the
Laboratory
Laboratory measurement of dustfall generation
is carried out in a tunnel with 7.6 m long, 0.76
m wide and 2.4 m high. Measurement
of
dustfall generation on soil samples in the tunnel
is presented in Fig. 4. In contrast to direct
measurements
in the field (open area), the
influence of external factors in the laboratory
measurements is removed by using a tunnel.
This is because laboratory measurement can be
more controlled than the field measurement one.
Dustfall
generation
from
the
laboratory
measurements under 1.2 m/s wind speed and
20.6-21.6% soil moisture content was 2.9-19.2
ton/krrr .month.
Correlation is also indicated in the relationship
between the dustfall generation, wind speed and
soil water content in the laboratory measurements
with the P-value less than a (0.05). The resulted
Fig. 4. Tunnel for measurement
Pearson coefficient showed that the soil moisture
generation on the soil samples
content was negatively correlated with the dustfall
generation.
Minitab
output
result
of
the
measurements In the laboratory is presented in
Table 3.
Table 3. Out ut Minitab correlation measurements in the laborato
Parameters
Pear on coefficient of dustfall and soil moisture content
P-Value

-Sq (%)

linear relationshi
uadratic relationshi

C. Correlation between Dustfall Generation, Wind
Speed and Soil Moisture Content
Correlation between dustfall generation and
wind speed on Inceptisol soil is quadratic with R-Sq
19.6% for wind speed 0.1-1.0 rn/s (Fig. 5). It
showed that dustfall generation on Inceptisol soil
was influenced by local wind speed of 19.6%.
The relationship between dustfall generation
and soil moisture content in the field is a quadratic
one whereas such relationship in the laboratory
scale is linear (Fig. 6). This quadratic relationship
indicates that soil moisture content to a certain
extent will not significantly influence the reduction
of dustfall generation. Soil moisture content affects
27.4% (R-Sq=27.4%) of the dustfall generation in
the field measurements
with soil water content
17.8-35%, while for measurements in the laboratory
on soil water content 20.6-21.6% obtained R-Sq
72.6%.

146

of dustfall

IS

~
§
~
..:;:
..,.
~
4
influenced by moisture content was Y=259.1-11.7;
•
=
where "x" represents the soil moisture content. The
::§
•
•
2KJIHGFEDCBA
s
•••
•
result of the experiment indicated that dustfal
0 0
concentration
in ambient
air was strongf
20.5 225 24.5 26.5 28.5 30.5 32.5 34.5
influenced
by
soil
moisture
content.
Soilmcisture content (%)

•

•

.-

•

•

•

(a)
20

•
•

~
~

y=259.1-11.73x

•



~ 10
il
15

"

~!:i

••

0
20.5

20.8

21.1

21A

21.7

Soil mcisMe contem (%)

(b)
Fig. 6. Correlation
between dustfall and soil
moisture content in the field (a) and in the
laboratory (b)
Soil texture is also suspected to affect the
correlation between dustfall generation, wind speed
and soil moisture content. Soil texture is an
important factor in soil erodibility for determining
soil texture consistency, cohesion and soil mobility
[10]. Based on the research result [17], Inceptisol
soil has 70.71% clay content, 23.74% loam and
5.55% sand. High clay content in the Inceptisol soil
has led to a texture which tends to be sticky when it
is wet and cohesive forces between grains of soil is
high. As a result, generation of dustfall would be
low.
Besides soil texture, wind speed and soil
moisture content, the dustfall generation in the field
Was influenced by the C-organic content as well. Corganic content of the soil affects the physical
properties of the soil as it serves an adhesive force

Proceedings ISS 2013

B. Suggestions
1. The next research should be canied out 01
the other main soil types commonly fount
in Indonesia, i.e. Ultisol, Andisol, Vertiso
and Entisol.
2. Other meteorological
factors such a
relative
humidity,
temperature
am
sunshine intensity need to be taken inte
account
in determining
the dustfal
generation from the soil surface.
3. The influence of soil texture, organic-t
content and the percentage of land cove
on dustfall generation needs to be studio
so that the analysis of the correlatio:
between
these
factors
become
mor
comprehensive.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors wish to acknowledge
2013 for the bulk of this guide.

the IS:

REFERENCES

[1] C. Airoldi, S.A.M. Critter, "Brazilian
re.
Inceptisol a typic soil as an exchanger:
thermodynamic
study involving Cu, Zn, Cc
Hg, Pb, Ca and Na," Clays and Clay mineral:
vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 125-131, 1997.
[2] E.A. Akpinar,
S. Akpinar,
H.F. Oztoj
"Statistical analysis of meteorological factor
and air pollution at winter months in Elazig
Turkey," journal of Urban and Environmentc
Engineering, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 7-16, 2009.
[3] F.Fecan,
B. Marticorena,
G. Bergamett
"Pararnetrization of the increase of the aeolia
erosion threshold wind friction velocity due t
soil moisture for arid and semi-arid areas,
Annales Geophysicae, vol. 17, pp. 149-1 Y
1999.

14

[4] C. Hai, Yuan C, G. Liu, X. Li, F. Zhang, X.
Climatic and Environmental Research, vol
no. l,pp. 24-33, 2004.
Zhang, "Research on the component of dustfall
in Hohhot in comparison with surface soil
[12]Peraturan
Pemerintah No. 41 Tahun 19
about Pengenda1ian Pencemaran Udara.
components
in different
lands of inner
[13] Z. Shang, L. Cheng, Q. Yu, L. He, Z.
Mongolia Plateau,"lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Water, Air, and Solid
"Changing Characteristics on Dust Strom
Pollution, vo!. 190, pp. 27-34, 2007.
Y.l. Kaufman,
"Direct
wind
[5] I. Koren,
Jiangsu," Open Journal of Air Pollution, vol,
pp. 67-73,2012.
measurements of saharan dust events from terra
and aqua satellites," Geophysical Research
[14] SNI 13-4703-1998
about Penentuan Ka
Letters, vo!. 31, no.6, art. No.-L06122, 2004.
Debu di Udara dengan Penangkap Debu Jalli
P .l. Shi, S.Y. Gao, X.Y. Zou, H.
(Dustfall Collector).
[6] L.Y. Liu,GFEDCBA
Erdon, P. Yan, X.Y. Li, W.Q. Ta, l. H . Wang,
[15] Soil Survey Staff, Keys to Soil Taxono
C.L. Zhang, "Dustfall in China's Western
Washington DC: World Soil Resources Sta
Loess Plateau as influenced by dust storm and
Natural Resources Conservation, 1998.
haze events," Atmospheric Environment, vo\.
[16] Sugiyono,
Statistika
untuk
Penelitia
Bandung: Alfabeta, 2011.
38, pp. 1699-1703,2004.
[7] G. McTainsh, C. Strong, "The role of aeolian
[17] S. Sukartaatmadja, Y. Satol, E. Yamaij, "
dust in ecosystems," Geomorphology, vo\. 89,
effect of rainfall intensity on soil erosion
runoff for Inceptisol soil in Indonesia," B
pp. 39-54, 2007.
[8] R.P.C.
Morgan,
Soil
Erosion
and
Agron, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 71-79, 2003.
Conservation, Hong Kong: Longman Group,
[18]R. Washington, M.C. Todd, N . l. Middleto
A.S. Goudie,
"Dust
storm source ar
1998.
[9] K. Naddafi, R. Nabizadeh, R. Soltanianzadeh,
determined
by the total ozone monitori
M.H. Ehrampoosh,
"Evaluation of dustfall in
spectrometer and surface observations," Anna
the air of Yazd," Iran. J. Environ. Health, vo\.
of the Association of American Geographe
3, no.3, pp. 161-168,2006.
vol. 93, n02, pp. 297-313, 2003.
[lO]Nandi, I. Luffman, "Erosion related changes to
[19]M. Yoshioka, N.M. Mahowald, l. L . Dufres
C. Luo, "Simulation
of absorbing aero
physicochemical
properties
of
Ultisols
distributed on calcareous sedimentary rocks,"
indices
for
african
dust,"
Journal
Geophysical
Research,
vol. 110, DI8,
Journal of Sustainable Development,
vol. 5,
no. 8, pp. 52-68,2012.
no.DI8S17,2005.
[11]R.Y. Niu, Z.l. Zhou, Y.W. Liu, Y.Q. Yang,
[20] X.L. Zhou, "Discussion on some terms use
"Causes of abnormal decreasing
of dusty
for sand dust weather in the national standar
weather in China during the spring of 2003,"
Scientia Meteorologica Sinica, vo!. 30, no.
pp. 234-238, 2010.

148