The Effects of Molar Ratio of Glycerol 80% and Palm Oleic Acid on the Synthesis Process of Ester Glycerol
2015 3r d International Conference on Adaptive
and Intelligent Agroindustry (ICAlA)
TABLE OF CONTENT S
In nova tive Agroindustrial a nd Business System E ngineering
Thc Feasibility Study of Establishment of Biodiesel And Paving Block
Industry From Spent Bleaching Earth
Febriani Purba, An.i Suryani and Sukardi
Green Supply Chain Management Innovation Diffusion in Crumb Rubber
Factories: Designing Strategies towards Implementation
Tri Susanto, Marimin Marimin and Suprihatin
Mobile Business Analytics System for Service Level Analysis of Customer
Relationship Decision
Taufik Djama and Yudhistira Chandra 8ayu
Exploring an lnnovative Approach to Address Non-Tariff Barriers
Experienced by Small to Medium Enterprises in Downstream Coffee
Production in Indonesia
Andar Hennawan, Yandra Arkeman. Titi Candra Sunani
An Analys is of innovation Network Performance on the Palm Oil Industry
in North Sumatera
Danang Krisna Yudha, Aji Hennawan and Machfud
Exploring the Internationalization Process Model of an Indonesian Product
- C:lse study: Fruit Chips SME's
Dickie Sulistya Apriliyanto. Hartrisari Hardjomidjojo. Titi C Sunarti
Innovation Management in Indonesian Palm Oil Industry
Karim Abdullah. Aji Hcnnawan and Yandra Arkeman
Technology Innovation Adoption to Improve the Pcrfomlanee of Dairy
Small-Medium Enterprises (SME): Case study in Pangalcngan-Bandung
Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Nuni Novita."ari. Titi Candm Sunarti and Nastiti Siwi Indrasti
Managing Innovation through Knowledge Sharing in An Indonesia Coconut
I- I
1-7
1- 13
1-19
1-26
1-33
1-39
1-45
1-54
SME
Muchammad Kodiyat P. Maebfud, Nastiti S Indrasti
Increasing Added Value of Banana by Producing Synbiotic Banana "Sale"
Using Innovation & Technology Strategy Approach
Eka Ruriani
An AHP Application for Selecting A Business Innovation Strategy of
Chocolate SMEs in East Java
Yani Kanika Pcniwi, M. Syamsul Maarif and Maehfud
Understanding local food consumers and their motivations: A case srudy in
Padang city
Poppy Arsil
Spatial Model Design for Competitive Improvement of Small Medium
Scales Enterprises (Case Study: Boger Area)
Hanrisari Hardjomidjojo. Harry Im:mtho and Armaiki Yusmur
Chitin and Chilosan Industry
System Analysis and Design for ｓｾｬ･｣ｴｩｮｧ＠
Location by Using Comparative Performance Index Method
Dena Sismaraini. Naslili S. Indrasti and Taufik Djatna
Arduino-Based Tempcrature Monitoring Device for Cold Chain
Transportation
1-60
1-65
1-71
1-77
1-82
1-90
Delmar Zakaria Firdaus and Endang Warsiki
Devdopment of Downstream Cocoa Industry: Exploring the Role of f-95
Govemment and Small and Medium Industry in Partnership
Farda Eka Kusumawardana, Yandra Arkeman, Titi C Sunarti
1- 101
The Role ofComnmnicarion in the T ccnnology Transfer Process
Anindita Dibyono. Sukardi , Machfud
The Center for Pulp and Paper Appraising its Productivity III Generating 1-108
Industry-Applicable Research: A Good Practice Illustration
Ahmad Rudh Firdausi. Anas M Fauzi. Machfud
Frontier Approaches in Process and Bioprocess Engineering
Identification of Flavor Compounds In Ccmcem (Spondia=pinata (LF) 11- 1
Kurz) Leaf Extra
Luh Putu Wrasiati. Ni Made Wartini and Ni Putu Eny Sulistyadewi
Synthesis and characterization of nanosilica from boiler ash with co- 11-5
precipitation mcthod
Wahyu K. Setiawan, Nastiti S. Indr3.sti , and Suprihatin
11 - 10
The Comparison Of Media on the Microalgae Nanllochloropsis sp . Culture
Anak Agung Made Dewi Anggreni. I Wayan Amata and I B Wayan
Gunam
Identification of Media and Indicator Liquid as A Recorder Sman Label
11·14
Endang Warsiki and Riris Octaviasari
The EfTects of Palm Oil MES Surfactant and Inorganic Salt Concentration 1I- 19
on Interfacial Tension Values
RisHl Fitria, Ani $uryani. Mira Rivai and Ari Imam
Effect ofNano Zinc Oxide On Characteristic Bionanocornpositc
Tt-25
Siti Agustina, Nastiti Siswi Indrasti. Suprihmin and Numl Taufiqu
Rohman
The Effects of Molar Ratio Between 80% Glycerol And Palm Oil Acid on 11-3 I
the Synthesis Process of Ester Glycerol
Mira Rivai. Erliza Hambali, Giovanni Nurpratiwi Putri . Ani Suryani.
Pudji Permadi, Bonar T.H Marbun and Ari Imam Sutamo
Selecting Part of Natural Fiber EFB which has Best Mcchanical Strength 11-37
through Tensile Test Analysis for Composite Reinforced Matcrial
Farkhan, Yohancs Aris Purwamo. Erliza Hambal i and Wawan
Hcnnawan
Idcntification of phenol rcd as Staphylococcus aureus indicator label
JI ·44
MC'lati Pratama. Endang Warsiki and Liesbetini Hartoto
Enhancing Ethanol Tolerant of Escherichia coli Recombinant by Glutamate 11-48
Addition under Aerobic Conditions
lndra Kurniawan Saputra, Prayoga Suryadanna and Ari Pennana
PUlra
In Vitro Potentifal of Antibacterial Marine Microalgae EXlract II -53
Chaetocero:!!J{racilis Toward Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacteria
Ardhi Novrialdi Ginting. Licsbctini Haditjaroko and Iriani
Setyaningsih
The Potential Applications of Modified Nagara Bcan Flour through II-59
Fcrment.:l.tion for Tn novation of High Prowin Analog Rice
Susi. Lya Agustina and Chondra Wibowo
Studies on thc Chamctcristics of Pasayu (Pasca of Waslc-Cassava) 11-64
Fortification as a New Product Development
Marleen Sunyoto. Roni Kastaman. Tati Nurmala and Dedi Muh tadi
Optical And Particle Size Properties Of Sargassllm Sp Chlorophyll As Dye- TI-72
Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)
Makkulawu Andi Ridwan and Erliza Noor
Alkaline Pre-Treatment of Gelidium tari/oliulII and Caulerpa racemosa for tI-76
Bioethanol Production
Dwi Setyaningsih. Neli Muna, Elisabeth Van Vivi Aryanti and
Anastasya Hidayat
New Trcnd$ in Industrial Environmental Engineering & M:magement
Usc of Biofiltcr to Improve Quality of Polluted River Water fo r Drinking 1JI- 1
Water Supply
Suprihatin , Muhammad Romli and Mohamad Yani
An Empirieallnvesrigation of the Barriers to Grecn Practices in Yogyakart3 IIl -8
Leather Tanning SMEs
Dwi Ningsih. Ono Supamo, Suprihatin and Noel Lindsay
III- IS
Preliminary Study For CO 2 Monitoring System
Farhan Syakir, Rindra Wish, [rvi Firqotul Aini, Wisnu latmiko and
Ari Wibisono
Designing a Collaboration Form to Overcome Innovation Resistance in TJI-22
Waste Managemcnt Practices in Lampung Tapioca Industry
NUT Aini Adinda. Suprihatin. Nasli!i Siswi Indrasti
Pollution Reducing Opportunities for a Natural Rubber Processing Industry: III-29
A Case Study
Sya rifa Arum Kusumastuti. Suprihatin and Nastiti Siswi Indrasti
Effects of Palm-Dca Non-Ionic Surfactant as an Additive in Buprofezin 111-35
Insecticide on the Efficacy of it in Controlling Brown Planthoppcr Rice Pest
Fifin Ni.syu. Rahmini. Mira Rivai. Nobel Cristian Siregar, Ari Tmam
Sutanto and Ainun Nurkania
Intelligent Information & Communication Technology for Adaptive
Agroindustry of the Future
Design of Web-Based Information System With Green House Gas Analysis IV- I
fo r Pa lm Oil Biodiesel Agroindustry
Yandra Arkeman. Hafizd Adityo Utomo and Dhani S. Wibawa
Sequential Pattems for Hotspots Occurence Based Weather Data using IV-8
Clospan algorithm
Tria Agustina and Imas S. Sitanggang
How to Dcal with Diversity in Cultivation Practices using Scenario IV - 13
Generation Techniques: Lessons from Ihe Asian rice LeI Initiative
Kiyotada Hayashi. Yandra Arkeman. Elmcr Bautisla, Marlia Mohd
Hanafiah. long Sik Lee. Masanori Saito. Dhalll Satria, Kaiehi
Shobatakc. Suprihatin, Tien Tran Minh and Van Vu
Development of Life Cycle Inventories for Palm Oil in North Sumatra: IV- 16
Modelling Siw-Specific Activities ｾ Ｚ ｬｉ､＠
Conditions
Vila D Ldyana. Erwinsyah and Kiyotada Hayashi
Scquenrial Pattern Mining on Hotspot Data using PrcfixSpan Algorithm
IV-20
Nida Zakiya Nurulhaq and Imas S. Sitanggang
An Intelligent Optimization Model Analysis and Design of Bio-filtration in N-24
Raw Water Quality Improvement
Ramiza lauda and Taufik Djatna
Development Of People Food Consumtion Patterns Infonnatiol1 System IV-30
Based On Wcbmobile Application.
fadly Maulana Shiddicq, Rani Kastaman and Irfim Ardiansah
Association Rules Mining on Forest Fires Data using FP-Growth and IV-37
ECLAT Algorithm
Nuke Ariney and Imas S. Sitanggang
Development Of Expert System For Selecting Tomato (S(){anllm IV-41
ｾｹ｣ｯｰ･ｲｳｩｮ＠
L.) Varieties
Erlin Callya Rizki Amanda. Kudang Bora Seminar. Muhamad Syukur
and Noguchi Ryozo
Developing Life Cycle Inventories for Rice Production Systems in IV-47
Philippines: How to Establish Site-specific Data within the General
Framework
Elmer Bautista, Kiyotada Hayashi and Masanori Saito
Con!>truction of Site-specific Life Cycle lnventories for Rice Production IV-50
Systems in Vietnam
Tran Minh Tien , Bui Hai An, Vu ThiKhanh Van and Kiyotada
Hayashi
Study on Life Cycle Benefit Assessment as a tool for promoting thc solution iV-53
of Environmental Problems
Tetsuo Nishi
Real Time Monitoring Glycerol Esterification Process with Mid IR Sensors IV-57
using Support Vector Mach ine Classification
Iwan Aang Soenandi. Taufik Djatna, Irzaman Husein and Ani Suryani
Extrdction of Multi-Dimensional Research Knowledge Model from IV-63
Scicmific Articles for Technology Monitoring
Arif R. Hakim and Taufik Djatna
IV-69
Perfonnance of Artificial Lighting Using Genetics Algorithms
Limbran SampebalU
The Application of Fuzzy-Neuro Approach for ERP System Selection: Case IV-74
Study on an Agro-industrial Enterprise
Joko Ralono, Kudang Bora Seminar. Yandra Arkeman and Arif Imam
Su roso
ISBN: 978·1-4673· 7405·7
ICAIA 2015
The Effects of Molar Ratio of Glycerol 80% and Palm
Oleic Acid on the Synthesis Process of Ester Glycerol
Mir.J. Rivai. Erliza Hambali. Giovalmi Nurpratiwi Putri. Ani Suryani. Pudji Pcmladi,
Bonar Tua HaJumoan Marbun. Ari Imam Sutanto
SUifactaw ami BioO.OS) on Yield. It was
suggcsted therefore that a molar ratio of 0.8: I be used
\0 gct high yield of glycerol ester.
2) pH
The glyccrol ester sample taken from the
c!\tcrification W'd S a mixture of Illonooleic. diokie,
lrioleic ｧｬｹ｣ｾｲｯｳＬ＠
remaining oleic acid which did not
react, and MESA catalyst. pH measurement was done
by dissolving glyecrol ester in 30% distilled water. It
W:J!» found that ｾｉｹ｣ｲｯｬ＠
estcr samplc did not dissol ve
in the water but MESA catalyst did. pH measurcmtnt
was taken to assess the .lmount of MESA catalyst
product. Higher pH level
found in thc ｾＧｓｴｲｩｬ｣｡ｯｮ＠
indicated hig.lter anlount of MESA catalyst found in
glycerol ;;sler. ResulLiI of pH measurement arc
depicted in Figure 3.
SO
5.46
6.0
ｾ
5.-5
6.11
1.- :\
ｾ ＮＶＺＱ＠
Ｍｴｏ＠
2..0
00
0.8:1
:"lolar ratio (glycerol : oleic acid)
ｆｩｾｵｲ＠
3.
ｅｦｾｬ＾＠
ormobr ratio on piT
It is shown in Figure 3 that a widcr molar ratio or
higher amount of glycerol fed illto esterification led to
lower pH levels. This was eaused by the find ing that
the pH levcl of glycerol ester fonned WIIS in line with
11 • 33
ICAfA 2015
[SBN : 978-!-4673-7405-7
thc pH le"eI of glycerol. In this study. purified
glyccrol had a pH Icvel of6.24.
3) Dellsit)'
Density or specific gravity is a weight of a liquid per
unit volume. Density measurement was taken [0 assess
Ihc: imeT-llIolc!eu\c denscness in glyccrol eSier yielded.
It is shown in Figure 4 that glycerol ester with high
density was yielded in wider molar ratios. According
10 [9]. the density It!vel of eSler of carboxylic fatty
flcid was tlfl"i:ctcd by molccular weight and
temperature.. Highcr molecular weight mcant higher
density level.
ｾ＠
"
I'::
0
0.938
.2i 0.9
ｏＮｑ
Ｔｾ＠
0.943
1. - ' 1
'::.6:1
,
0.8:1
\101 ... rlUO I.b.-ervl
It was found In3t molar rmio f3ctor ga\ e significant
etTl.'cts on acid number of glycerol eSler.
5) ViSCOSity
Viscosity is a physicm:hemical propcny showing
the level of thickness of a fluid. An increase in
viscosity is a result of increased molecule
concentration [1 OJ. Increased .... iscoslty of a material
may also caused by increased chain length :l.nd
molecular weight. Viscosity alTecls thc flowing
characteristic of:l. fluid: higher viscosity me3ns lower
capacity of the fluid to flow, As can be secn in Figure
6, higher amount of glycerol fed into the process led
10 widcr molar rJlio and higlll.'r viscosilY level. This
was attributed to thc faci that the vis.cosity of glycerol
estcr yielded was always in line with Ihe viscosity of
g[ycerol used. In addition, 35 discussed above, wider
molar mIlO did nOI yield in higllcr amount of glyccro[
cster [caving morc oleic add which did not involve in
the reaction. This. in tum, led to a higher viscosity
levcl of glyccrol ester.
0.3
0.0
O.S.1
MOlar nllio ＨｧｉｙＧｾＱＢｏ＠
Figure 4. ｅｦ･｣Ａｾ＠
: ｯｬｾｩ｣＠
1.6:1
":1(1)
Fig...", S. EffO;I.11h
viscosity level (Figure 7).
•i
r:
I"
10
y..... ... i.P)_. _
ｆｩｾｲｴＢ＠
able to flow, A fluid with low pour point is beller 10
be used m areas with low temperature.
9) Boiling Poin!
Boilillg point is a physicochemical properly showing
a temperature at which a material starts to boil .
Boiling point shows intermolecular force in a fluid:
strongcr force means highcr boiling point. According
to [6J, boiling poim is affected by molecular weight
and th.: eXistence of hydrogen bonds. In this study. as
shown in Figure 8. boiling pointS of glycerol ester
weTe slightly fluctuating . The highest boil ing point
was shown by glycerol ester yidded from Ihe molar
ratio of L7:1.
O
and Intelligent Agroindustry (ICAlA)
TABLE OF CONTENT S
In nova tive Agroindustrial a nd Business System E ngineering
Thc Feasibility Study of Establishment of Biodiesel And Paving Block
Industry From Spent Bleaching Earth
Febriani Purba, An.i Suryani and Sukardi
Green Supply Chain Management Innovation Diffusion in Crumb Rubber
Factories: Designing Strategies towards Implementation
Tri Susanto, Marimin Marimin and Suprihatin
Mobile Business Analytics System for Service Level Analysis of Customer
Relationship Decision
Taufik Djama and Yudhistira Chandra 8ayu
Exploring an lnnovative Approach to Address Non-Tariff Barriers
Experienced by Small to Medium Enterprises in Downstream Coffee
Production in Indonesia
Andar Hennawan, Yandra Arkeman. Titi Candra Sunani
An Analys is of innovation Network Performance on the Palm Oil Industry
in North Sumatera
Danang Krisna Yudha, Aji Hennawan and Machfud
Exploring the Internationalization Process Model of an Indonesian Product
- C:lse study: Fruit Chips SME's
Dickie Sulistya Apriliyanto. Hartrisari Hardjomidjojo. Titi C Sunarti
Innovation Management in Indonesian Palm Oil Industry
Karim Abdullah. Aji Hcnnawan and Yandra Arkeman
Technology Innovation Adoption to Improve the Pcrfomlanee of Dairy
Small-Medium Enterprises (SME): Case study in Pangalcngan-Bandung
Regency, West Java, Indonesia
Nuni Novita."ari. Titi Candm Sunarti and Nastiti Siwi Indrasti
Managing Innovation through Knowledge Sharing in An Indonesia Coconut
I- I
1-7
1- 13
1-19
1-26
1-33
1-39
1-45
1-54
SME
Muchammad Kodiyat P. Maebfud, Nastiti S Indrasti
Increasing Added Value of Banana by Producing Synbiotic Banana "Sale"
Using Innovation & Technology Strategy Approach
Eka Ruriani
An AHP Application for Selecting A Business Innovation Strategy of
Chocolate SMEs in East Java
Yani Kanika Pcniwi, M. Syamsul Maarif and Maehfud
Understanding local food consumers and their motivations: A case srudy in
Padang city
Poppy Arsil
Spatial Model Design for Competitive Improvement of Small Medium
Scales Enterprises (Case Study: Boger Area)
Hanrisari Hardjomidjojo. Harry Im:mtho and Armaiki Yusmur
Chitin and Chilosan Industry
System Analysis and Design for ｓｾｬ･｣ｴｩｮｧ＠
Location by Using Comparative Performance Index Method
Dena Sismaraini. Naslili S. Indrasti and Taufik Djatna
Arduino-Based Tempcrature Monitoring Device for Cold Chain
Transportation
1-60
1-65
1-71
1-77
1-82
1-90
Delmar Zakaria Firdaus and Endang Warsiki
Devdopment of Downstream Cocoa Industry: Exploring the Role of f-95
Govemment and Small and Medium Industry in Partnership
Farda Eka Kusumawardana, Yandra Arkeman, Titi C Sunarti
1- 101
The Role ofComnmnicarion in the T ccnnology Transfer Process
Anindita Dibyono. Sukardi , Machfud
The Center for Pulp and Paper Appraising its Productivity III Generating 1-108
Industry-Applicable Research: A Good Practice Illustration
Ahmad Rudh Firdausi. Anas M Fauzi. Machfud
Frontier Approaches in Process and Bioprocess Engineering
Identification of Flavor Compounds In Ccmcem (Spondia=pinata (LF) 11- 1
Kurz) Leaf Extra
Luh Putu Wrasiati. Ni Made Wartini and Ni Putu Eny Sulistyadewi
Synthesis and characterization of nanosilica from boiler ash with co- 11-5
precipitation mcthod
Wahyu K. Setiawan, Nastiti S. Indr3.sti , and Suprihatin
11 - 10
The Comparison Of Media on the Microalgae Nanllochloropsis sp . Culture
Anak Agung Made Dewi Anggreni. I Wayan Amata and I B Wayan
Gunam
Identification of Media and Indicator Liquid as A Recorder Sman Label
11·14
Endang Warsiki and Riris Octaviasari
The EfTects of Palm Oil MES Surfactant and Inorganic Salt Concentration 1I- 19
on Interfacial Tension Values
RisHl Fitria, Ani $uryani. Mira Rivai and Ari Imam
Effect ofNano Zinc Oxide On Characteristic Bionanocornpositc
Tt-25
Siti Agustina, Nastiti Siswi Indrasti. Suprihmin and Numl Taufiqu
Rohman
The Effects of Molar Ratio Between 80% Glycerol And Palm Oil Acid on 11-3 I
the Synthesis Process of Ester Glycerol
Mira Rivai. Erliza Hambali, Giovanni Nurpratiwi Putri . Ani Suryani.
Pudji Permadi, Bonar T.H Marbun and Ari Imam Sutamo
Selecting Part of Natural Fiber EFB which has Best Mcchanical Strength 11-37
through Tensile Test Analysis for Composite Reinforced Matcrial
Farkhan, Yohancs Aris Purwamo. Erliza Hambal i and Wawan
Hcnnawan
Idcntification of phenol rcd as Staphylococcus aureus indicator label
JI ·44
MC'lati Pratama. Endang Warsiki and Liesbetini Hartoto
Enhancing Ethanol Tolerant of Escherichia coli Recombinant by Glutamate 11-48
Addition under Aerobic Conditions
lndra Kurniawan Saputra, Prayoga Suryadanna and Ari Pennana
PUlra
In Vitro Potentifal of Antibacterial Marine Microalgae EXlract II -53
Chaetocero:!!J{racilis Toward Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacteria
Ardhi Novrialdi Ginting. Licsbctini Haditjaroko and Iriani
Setyaningsih
The Potential Applications of Modified Nagara Bcan Flour through II-59
Fcrment.:l.tion for Tn novation of High Prowin Analog Rice
Susi. Lya Agustina and Chondra Wibowo
Studies on thc Chamctcristics of Pasayu (Pasca of Waslc-Cassava) 11-64
Fortification as a New Product Development
Marleen Sunyoto. Roni Kastaman. Tati Nurmala and Dedi Muh tadi
Optical And Particle Size Properties Of Sargassllm Sp Chlorophyll As Dye- TI-72
Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)
Makkulawu Andi Ridwan and Erliza Noor
Alkaline Pre-Treatment of Gelidium tari/oliulII and Caulerpa racemosa for tI-76
Bioethanol Production
Dwi Setyaningsih. Neli Muna, Elisabeth Van Vivi Aryanti and
Anastasya Hidayat
New Trcnd$ in Industrial Environmental Engineering & M:magement
Usc of Biofiltcr to Improve Quality of Polluted River Water fo r Drinking 1JI- 1
Water Supply
Suprihatin , Muhammad Romli and Mohamad Yani
An Empirieallnvesrigation of the Barriers to Grecn Practices in Yogyakart3 IIl -8
Leather Tanning SMEs
Dwi Ningsih. Ono Supamo, Suprihatin and Noel Lindsay
III- IS
Preliminary Study For CO 2 Monitoring System
Farhan Syakir, Rindra Wish, [rvi Firqotul Aini, Wisnu latmiko and
Ari Wibisono
Designing a Collaboration Form to Overcome Innovation Resistance in TJI-22
Waste Managemcnt Practices in Lampung Tapioca Industry
NUT Aini Adinda. Suprihatin. Nasli!i Siswi Indrasti
Pollution Reducing Opportunities for a Natural Rubber Processing Industry: III-29
A Case Study
Sya rifa Arum Kusumastuti. Suprihatin and Nastiti Siswi Indrasti
Effects of Palm-Dca Non-Ionic Surfactant as an Additive in Buprofezin 111-35
Insecticide on the Efficacy of it in Controlling Brown Planthoppcr Rice Pest
Fifin Ni.syu. Rahmini. Mira Rivai. Nobel Cristian Siregar, Ari Tmam
Sutanto and Ainun Nurkania
Intelligent Information & Communication Technology for Adaptive
Agroindustry of the Future
Design of Web-Based Information System With Green House Gas Analysis IV- I
fo r Pa lm Oil Biodiesel Agroindustry
Yandra Arkeman. Hafizd Adityo Utomo and Dhani S. Wibawa
Sequential Pattems for Hotspots Occurence Based Weather Data using IV-8
Clospan algorithm
Tria Agustina and Imas S. Sitanggang
How to Dcal with Diversity in Cultivation Practices using Scenario IV - 13
Generation Techniques: Lessons from Ihe Asian rice LeI Initiative
Kiyotada Hayashi. Yandra Arkeman. Elmcr Bautisla, Marlia Mohd
Hanafiah. long Sik Lee. Masanori Saito. Dhalll Satria, Kaiehi
Shobatakc. Suprihatin, Tien Tran Minh and Van Vu
Development of Life Cycle Inventories for Palm Oil in North Sumatra: IV- 16
Modelling Siw-Specific Activities ｾ Ｚ ｬｉ､＠
Conditions
Vila D Ldyana. Erwinsyah and Kiyotada Hayashi
Scquenrial Pattern Mining on Hotspot Data using PrcfixSpan Algorithm
IV-20
Nida Zakiya Nurulhaq and Imas S. Sitanggang
An Intelligent Optimization Model Analysis and Design of Bio-filtration in N-24
Raw Water Quality Improvement
Ramiza lauda and Taufik Djatna
Development Of People Food Consumtion Patterns Infonnatiol1 System IV-30
Based On Wcbmobile Application.
fadly Maulana Shiddicq, Rani Kastaman and Irfim Ardiansah
Association Rules Mining on Forest Fires Data using FP-Growth and IV-37
ECLAT Algorithm
Nuke Ariney and Imas S. Sitanggang
Development Of Expert System For Selecting Tomato (S(){anllm IV-41
ｾｹ｣ｯｰ･ｲｳｩｮ＠
L.) Varieties
Erlin Callya Rizki Amanda. Kudang Bora Seminar. Muhamad Syukur
and Noguchi Ryozo
Developing Life Cycle Inventories for Rice Production Systems in IV-47
Philippines: How to Establish Site-specific Data within the General
Framework
Elmer Bautista, Kiyotada Hayashi and Masanori Saito
Con!>truction of Site-specific Life Cycle lnventories for Rice Production IV-50
Systems in Vietnam
Tran Minh Tien , Bui Hai An, Vu ThiKhanh Van and Kiyotada
Hayashi
Study on Life Cycle Benefit Assessment as a tool for promoting thc solution iV-53
of Environmental Problems
Tetsuo Nishi
Real Time Monitoring Glycerol Esterification Process with Mid IR Sensors IV-57
using Support Vector Mach ine Classification
Iwan Aang Soenandi. Taufik Djatna, Irzaman Husein and Ani Suryani
Extrdction of Multi-Dimensional Research Knowledge Model from IV-63
Scicmific Articles for Technology Monitoring
Arif R. Hakim and Taufik Djatna
IV-69
Perfonnance of Artificial Lighting Using Genetics Algorithms
Limbran SampebalU
The Application of Fuzzy-Neuro Approach for ERP System Selection: Case IV-74
Study on an Agro-industrial Enterprise
Joko Ralono, Kudang Bora Seminar. Yandra Arkeman and Arif Imam
Su roso
ISBN: 978·1-4673· 7405·7
ICAIA 2015
The Effects of Molar Ratio of Glycerol 80% and Palm
Oleic Acid on the Synthesis Process of Ester Glycerol
Mir.J. Rivai. Erliza Hambali. Giovalmi Nurpratiwi Putri. Ani Suryani. Pudji Pcmladi,
Bonar Tua HaJumoan Marbun. Ari Imam Sutanto
SUifactaw ami BioO.OS) on Yield. It was
suggcsted therefore that a molar ratio of 0.8: I be used
\0 gct high yield of glycerol ester.
2) pH
The glyccrol ester sample taken from the
c!\tcrification W'd S a mixture of Illonooleic. diokie,
lrioleic ｧｬｹ｣ｾｲｯｳＬ＠
remaining oleic acid which did not
react, and MESA catalyst. pH measurement was done
by dissolving glyecrol ester in 30% distilled water. It
W:J!» found that ｾｉｹ｣ｲｯｬ＠
estcr samplc did not dissol ve
in the water but MESA catalyst did. pH measurcmtnt
was taken to assess the .lmount of MESA catalyst
product. Higher pH level
found in thc ｾＧｓｴｲｩｬ｣｡ｯｮ＠
indicated hig.lter anlount of MESA catalyst found in
glycerol ;;sler. ResulLiI of pH measurement arc
depicted in Figure 3.
SO
5.46
6.0
ｾ
5.-5
6.11
1.- :\
ｾ ＮＶＺＱ＠
Ｍｴｏ＠
2..0
00
0.8:1
:"lolar ratio (glycerol : oleic acid)
ｆｩｾｵｲ＠
3.
ｅｦｾｬ＾＠
ormobr ratio on piT
It is shown in Figure 3 that a widcr molar ratio or
higher amount of glycerol fed illto esterification led to
lower pH levels. This was eaused by the find ing that
the pH levcl of glycerol ester fonned WIIS in line with
11 • 33
ICAfA 2015
[SBN : 978-!-4673-7405-7
thc pH le"eI of glycerol. In this study. purified
glyccrol had a pH Icvel of6.24.
3) Dellsit)'
Density or specific gravity is a weight of a liquid per
unit volume. Density measurement was taken [0 assess
Ihc: imeT-llIolc!eu\c denscness in glyccrol eSier yielded.
It is shown in Figure 4 that glycerol ester with high
density was yielded in wider molar ratios. According
10 [9]. the density It!vel of eSler of carboxylic fatty
flcid was tlfl"i:ctcd by molccular weight and
temperature.. Highcr molecular weight mcant higher
density level.
ｾ＠
"
I'::
0
0.938
.2i 0.9
ｏＮｑ
Ｔｾ＠
0.943
1. - ' 1
'::.6:1
,
0.8:1
\101 ... rlUO I.b.-ervl
It was found In3t molar rmio f3ctor ga\ e significant
etTl.'cts on acid number of glycerol eSler.
5) ViSCOSity
Viscosity is a physicm:hemical propcny showing
the level of thickness of a fluid. An increase in
viscosity is a result of increased molecule
concentration [1 OJ. Increased .... iscoslty of a material
may also caused by increased chain length :l.nd
molecular weight. Viscosity alTecls thc flowing
characteristic of:l. fluid: higher viscosity me3ns lower
capacity of the fluid to flow, As can be secn in Figure
6, higher amount of glycerol fed into the process led
10 widcr molar rJlio and higlll.'r viscosilY level. This
was attributed to thc faci that the vis.cosity of glycerol
estcr yielded was always in line with Ihe viscosity of
g[ycerol used. In addition, 35 discussed above, wider
molar mIlO did nOI yield in higllcr amount of glyccro[
cster [caving morc oleic add which did not involve in
the reaction. This. in tum, led to a higher viscosity
levcl of glyccrol ester.
0.3
0.0
O.S.1
MOlar nllio ＨｧｉｙＧｾＱＢｏ＠
Figure 4. ｅｦ･｣Ａｾ＠
: ｯｬｾｩ｣＠
1.6:1
":1(1)
Fig...", S. EffO;I.11h
viscosity level (Figure 7).
•i
r:
I"
10
y..... ... i.P)_. _
ｆｩｾｲｴＢ＠
able to flow, A fluid with low pour point is beller 10
be used m areas with low temperature.
9) Boiling Poin!
Boilillg point is a physicochemical properly showing
a temperature at which a material starts to boil .
Boiling point shows intermolecular force in a fluid:
strongcr force means highcr boiling point. According
to [6J, boiling poim is affected by molecular weight
and th.: eXistence of hydrogen bonds. In this study. as
shown in Figure 8. boiling pointS of glycerol ester
weTe slightly fluctuating . The highest boil ing point
was shown by glycerol ester yidded from Ihe molar
ratio of L7:1.
O