Mobile Prayer Times For PDA Application.
MOBILE PRAYER TIMES FOR PDA APPLICATION
FARIDAH AZURA BINTI YAHAYA
This report is submitted ha partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of
Electronic Engineering (Telecommunication Electronics) With Honours
Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
May 2008
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN
PROJEK SARJANA MUDA I1
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rnengaku membema&mLaporan Projek Sajana Muda mi disimpan di PerpYstakaan dengan syaratqarat kegunaao s e p d
L a p o m adalah hakmilik Universiti Teknilcal Malaysia Metaka
Perpustakaandibenarkan membuat salinm untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja
1.
2.
3.
Perpustakaan dibtntuhn membuat salinan laporan mi sebagai bahan p e r h b m antara institusi pengajian tmggi.
Sila tandakan ( d ) :
4.
(Mengaadungi maklumat yang berdajahkeselamatan atau kepentingan
Malaysia seperti yang terrnaldub di dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI
1972)
TERM*
(Mengandungimaklumat bxhad yang telab ditentukanole&
organisasitbadan di rnana penyelidikan dijalankan)
TIDAK TERHAD
Disahkan oleh:
T*:
82,...................................
LC2f?RNGGKEKEW-T-Ss4Tv,
KC. .DATW-KEMMAT,
.54000
- - - - -KUALA
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Unlversltl Teknlksl Waysir W k a (UWL
Koruq Derkunci 1201, Hang Twh d r p
Ayer Kemh, 75150 Mslokz
Tarikh:. -2MEL2-W8-----------------
*CATATAN:Jika laporan mi SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak be-wisasi
dengan menyatakan sekali tempoh laporan ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD.
berkenaan
"I hereby declare that this report is the result of my own work except for quotes as cited in the
references."
...........................
Signature
..
Author
: E~-&-B-WI-YMYA
Date
:2"dk?A~2.008
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"I hereby declare that I have read this report and in my opinion this report is sufficient in terms
of the scope and quality for the award of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering
(TelecommunicationElectronics) With Honours."
Signature
Supervisor's Name
Date
.__._______________----------------------------.MISS &A
IRDAWATY BINTl HASSAN
:2
" d ~ y--.......-.------.------.---.----------------2 ~
DEDICATION
It is only befitting that I dedicate this humble work to the noble and illustrious
Prophet, Muhammad SallallahuAlaihi Wasallam,addressed by Allah
SubhanahuWataYAla
as the "Unlettered" Prophet, yet, the Master of the most
extensive knowledge, foretold in previous scriptures, and the Mercy for the Worlds.
Special dedication to my loving parents, Hj Yahaya b Hj Kasim and
Hjh Mahani bt Hj Rawi, to all my supported siblings and my big family,
especially to my kind hearted supervisorsMr Azmi b Awang Md Isa and
Miss Nurmala Irdawaty binti Hassan, all lecturers in Faculty of Electronics and
Computer Engineering and also to all my dearest fkiends.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alharndulillah, all Praise to thank to Allah SWT the Almighty for giving me
the Rahmah to finish my Project Sarjana Muda 11 successfully. Thanks to Ilahi for
the opportunity given and helped make easier the entire tasks project given as long as
this semester. After work hard for whole semester, finally I frnished my Project
Sarjana Muda I1 with fully satisfaction.
Special thank you to my kind hearted supervisors Miss Nurrnala Irdawaty
binti Hassan and Mr Azmi b Awang Md Isa, for the opportunity given to me to do
this project and for his belief. Thank you very much for her endless support and
ideas, during which she has been patiently supervising my progress and encouraged
me to do this project in the right way. She never tired teaches me step by step to do
this project until I can do it independently. Thank you for her advice. With full of
hope, Allah SWT bless Her and family.
I would like to thank to my beloved fiiend Noor Badariah Binti Asan for her
fiiendship, encouragement and always gave insightful comments on my work. We
work together to provide the best for this project. She never tired to teach me at
which part that I do not know to do. Not to forget to all other my friends, thank you
very much for the support.
Last but not least, I would like to thank my family, especially my loving
parents, Hj Yahaya b Hj Kasirn and Hjh Mahani bt Hj Rawi. Thank you for the
support and encouragement. They are always advising me to perform the best in any
field that I involved. Not to forget to all my supported siblings and my big family, I
love you all.
Finally, to everybody that has been involved in my project directly or
indirectly, thank you very much. Not to forget to Universiti Teknikal Malaysia
Melaka, for the opportunity given. I just hope to get the best mark for my Project
Sarjana muda 11. Thank you very much.
ABSTRACT
Muslims need to perform Solat (Muslim's prayers) no matter of where they
are, even in moving vehicles such as airplanes which is difficult to determining the
prayer times due to high velocity of the airplane and its orientation. To our
knowledge, there are no such portable equipments available to determine the realtime prayer times. This project is design to develop an innovative system for
Muslims to identify prayer times which is determine the real-time of prayer times
using Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) / Pocket PC with Global Positioning System
(GPS) capability. Graphical User Interface (GUI) based software using Microsoft
Visual Basic.NET has been developed which can determine current prayer times
automatically for users, who are on moving vehicles. The (GPS) receiver will capture
information with regards to the user's current location, and then information will be
synchronized by this software in order for the whole system to be operated correctly.
The beneficial of the GPS is utilized in this system in order to obtain the accurate
location of the observant even they are on moving vehicles. This project divided into
six sub menus which is contains Prayer Times, Qiblat, Local Time, Directional
Finder, Location Info and Calendar in the same PDA. These projects concentrate to
develop sub menu for Prayer Times, Local Time and Location Info. The others sub
menu can be reach in the thesis by Noor Badariah Bt Asan title "Automatic Qiblat
Direction Using PDA GPS" which will explain about it. This project was developed
to assist Muslims by providing them with accurate information that can help to
perform daily duty in a proper manner.
Setiap Muslim perlu menunaikan Solat (Sembahyang Muslim) tidak kira di
mana sahaja mereka berada, biarpun di dalam kenderaan yang bergerak seperti kapal
terbang, dimana ianya adalah sukar untuk mengetahui waktu sembahyang
berdasarkan kelajuan kapal terbang serta orintasi kapal terbang yang tidak diketahui.
Dari sumber yang diketahui, tidak ada lagi peralatan mudah alih untuk menentukan
waktu solat yang sebenar dan tepat. Projek ini dicipta untuk membina sistem yang
inovatif untuk Muslim mengetahui waktu sembahyang, dimana ia akan memberikan
masa yang benar dan tepat untuk waktu sembahyang berkenaan dengan
menggunakan (PDA) / Pocket PC dengan kernampwin (GPS). Perisian Pengguna
grafik antara muka (GUI) @at dibangunkan dengan menggunakan Microsoft Visual
Basic.NET yang mana ia boleh menentukan waktu solat secara automatik untuk
pengguna di dalam kenderaan bergerak. Penerima GPS akan memberikan informasi
kedudukan semasa pengguna dan informasi tersebut akan diseragamkan dengan
perisian yang dibina untuk membolehkan sistem tersebut bmperasi dengan baik.
Faedah GPS didalam sistem ini adalah untuk memberikan ketepatan lokasi walaupun
didalam k e n d m yang bergerak. Projek ini dibahagikan kepada enam sub menu
iaitu mengandungi Waktu Solat, Kiblat, Masa Tempatan, Pencari Arah, Maklumat
Lokasi dan Kalendar didalam PDA yang m a . Projek ini memberi tumpuan untuk
membangunkan bahagian Waktu Solat, Masa Tempatan, dan Maklumat Lokasi.
Maklumat mengenai sub menu yang lain boleh di perolehi didalam tesis yang ditulis
oleh Noor Badariah Bt Asan berta.uk "Automatic Qiblat Direction Using PDA
GPS". Projek ini di bangunkan dengan tujuan untuk membantu setiap Muslim
mendapatkan maklumat yang tepat untuk membantu kehidupan mereka seharian dan
juga untuk memberikan peluang k@
pengguna Muslim mtuk menunaikan
tanggungjawab mereka menunaikan Solat dengan lebih sempurna.
CONTENTS
PAGE
CHAPTER TITLE
PROJECT TITLE
i
STATUS REPORT FORM
ii
STUDENT DECLARATION
iii
SUPERVISOR DECLARATION
iv
DEDICATION
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
vi
ABSTRACT
vii
ABSTRAK
ix
CONTENTS
X
LIST OF TABLES
xv
LIST OF FIGURES
mi
LIST OF ABREVIATIONS
!Kix
LIST OF APPENDICES
XX
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Project Background
1.2
Project Objectives
1.3
Problem Statements
1.4
Scope of Work
1.5
System Operations
1.6
Organisation of Thesis
LITERATURE REVIEW
Falaq (Astronomy) Knowledge's
2.1.1
Prayer Times
2.1.2
Qiblat Direction
Zenith
Celestial Sphere Concept (Falaq Concept)
Time Zone
2.4.1
Time Zone Abbreviations
2.4.2
Coordinat Universal Time
2.4.3
Uses
-
PDA with Built-In GPS: 5466-1 ETEN X500
(Glofiish)
2.5.1
Advantages of PDA with Built-In GPS
2.5.2
Disadvantages of PDA with Built-In GPS
PDA Parts
2.6.1 Microprocessors and Memory
2.6.2
Wired Connectivity
2.6.3
Synchronization
Global Positioning System (GPS) Receiver
2.7.1 Timing and GPS Receiver
PROJECT METHODOLOGY
3.1
Project Methodology
3.2
Falaq's Knowledge
3.2.1
Theory
3.2.2 Definition of Prayer Times
3.2.3
3.3
SOLAT Times Table
Determination of Prayer Times
3.3.1 Maghrib
3.3.2 Isha
3.3.3 Fajr
xii
3.3.4 Zuhr
3.3.5 Asr
3.4
Prayer Times Calculation Methods
(For Fajr and Isha Prayers)
3.5
Twilight
3.5.1 Twilight and Calculation of Fajr and Isha
3.6
The Global Positioning System (GPS)
3.6.1 Simplified Method of Operation
3.6.2 GPS Accuracy
3.6.3 Sources of GPS Signal Errors
3.7
NMEA- National Marine Electronics Association
3.8
Workflow Description
3.8.1
SystemDesign
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
4.1
Introduction Of Microsoft Visual Studio 2005
4.1.1 Objectives Using Visual Studio 2005
4.1.2 Creating a Pocket PC 2003 Smart
~evi'ceApplication
4.2
Current Latitude, Longitude, Altitude and Speed
of Airplane
4.3
Coding Prayer Times
4.3.1 Maghrib Prayer Time
4.3.2 Isha Prayer Time
4.3.3 FajrPrayerTime
4.3.4 Zuhr Prayer Time
4.3.5 Asr Prayer Time
RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS / DISCUSSIONS
56
5.1
Results
56
5.2
Achievement for This Project
58
5.3
Results on Software and Hardware
59
(Software: Simulation Results from Microsoft Visual
Basic.Net)
(Hardware: Actual Results fiom PDA)
5.3.1
GPSolat Main Menu
5.3.2
Second Menu (Applications)
5.3.3
Prayer Times
5.3.4
Local Time
5.3.5
Menu Location Info
5.3.6
Location Info (Location Compass)
5.3.7
Current City
5.4
Application Using PDA with Built-In GPS
5.5
Analysis
5.5.1
Prayer Times Comparison
5.5.1.1 Prayer Times Comparison -
Version1
5.5.1.2 Prayer Times Comparison -
Version2
5.5.1.3 Prayer Times Comparison -
Version3
5.5.1.4 Prayer Times"Comparison -
Version4
5.6
Data Analysis / Discussions
5.6.1
Explanation on Analysis
xiv
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
6.1
Conclusions
6.2
Suggestions and Improvement
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
93
LIST OF TABLES
TITLE
Criteria Used by JAKIM to Determine the Prayer Times
Angle of the Sun with Respect to the East-West Plane in a Year
Compromise Abbreviation
Solat Times
Prayer T i e s Calculation Methods
Prayer Times in (UTC) Time
Prayer Times in Local Time
Changing of Latitude Values
Changing of Longitude Values
Prayer Times Comparison with Other Calculators
Altitude Comparison
Prayer T i e s Comparison with Other Software's
Altitude Comparison
Prayer T i e s Comparison with Other Calculators
PAGE
LIST OF FIGURES
TITLE
PAGE
A Simple Scheme of Sacred Geography in the Published Text of the
Kitab Al-Masaliik of Ibn K h e b i h (3rd / 9th century)
Flowchart of the Software Development with PDA with Built-In
GPS Capability
Rubu' Mu.ayyab
(a) Compass with Telescope and (b) Teodolit
(a) I Learned How to Set Up Teodolit
(b) Ustaz Mohd Marngi Wash Explain about Teodolit and
Compass with Telescope
Teodolit Labelling
The Position of the Sun During Sunrise and Sunset in a Year
The Spinning Earth
Map of World Time Zones
The 5466-1-ETEN X500-Glofiish Model
The Parts in PDA
Block Diagram of GPS Receiver
Solat Times
Sun Location at Maghrib Time with Form of Sphere Triangle
Sun Location at Isha Time with Form of Sphere Triangle
Indication of Fajr
Sun Location When Zenith Time Based on Local Meridian
Sun Location When Zenith Time and Asr with Form of Sphere Triangle
Twilight
15 Degrees Has Been Used for Calculation of Both Fajr and Isha
18 Degrees Has Been Used for Calculation of Fajr and Isha
Triangulating fiom Satellite
Measuring Distance fiom Satellite
Getting the Perfect Timing
Signal
Knowing Satellite's Position
Correcting Errors
GPS Spread Spectrum Signal
The Constellation of NAVSTAR Satellites and Their Orbits
Work Flow of System Design
The Microsoft Visual Studio.NET Logo
Overall Flow Chart of Designing in Microsoft VB.NET
Create New Project and Solutions
Tools Required by Microsoft Visual Basic.NET
Determining Maghrib Prayer Time
Determining Isha Prayer Time
Determining Fajr Prayer Time
Determining Zuhr Prayer Time
Determining Asr Prayer Time
Main Menu of GPSolat (Mobile Prayer Times and Qiblat Direction)
(a): Simulation Result, GPSolat Main Menu (Welcome Menu)
(b): Simulation Result, Welcome Menu GPSolat with "GPSolat Trial" Box
(c): Actual Result from PDA
Applications Menu (Second Menu) for GPSolat
(a): First Design
(b): Simulation Result (Second Design)
(c): Actual Result fiom PDA
Simulation Result, Second Design (Applications) with 'Please Wait'
Icon or 'Please click on the selected small pictures' Icon or
'Please Check GPS Port' Icon
Simulation Result from Visual Basic for Help Menu
Simulation Result fiom Microsoft Visual Basic for Real Time
Prayer Times Schedule
Real Time Prayer Times Schedule (Actual Result from PDA)
Graphical User Interface for Local Time
(a): Simulation Result from Microsoft Visual Basic
(b): Actual Result h m PDA
Graphical User Interface for Menu Location Info
(a): Simulation Result from Microsoft Visual Basic
(b): Actual Result h m PDA
(a) and (b) is Airplane Direction with Respect to the North
(Location Compass)
Airplane Direction with Respect to the North
(Location Compass - New Design)
(a): Simulation Result h m Microsoft Visual Basic
(b): Actual Result h m PDA
Graphical User Interface for Current City
(a): Simulation Result h m Microsoft Visual Basic (First Design)
(b): Simulation Result fiom Microsoft Visual Basic (Second Design)
(c): Actual Result from PDA
Real Time Prayer Times Schedule
Actual Result for Current City in the Moving Car
Altitude Comparison for FAJR
Altitude Comparison for SUNRISE
Altitude Comparison for ZUHR
Altitude Comparison for ASR
Altitude Comparison for MAGHRIB
Altitude Comparison for ISHA
LIST OF ABREVIATIONS
DST
-
GPS
-
Global Positioning System
GUI
-
Graphical User Interface
AGC
CUT
DGPS
GMT
-
INSTUN-
Automatic Gain Control
Coordinated Universal Time
Differential GPS
Daylight Saving Times
Greenwich Meridian Time
Institut Tanah Ukur Negara
National Marine Electronics Association
RAM
-
ROM
-
Read Only Memory
SA
-
Selective Availability
SD
-
Secure Digital
Solat
-
Muslims Prayers
JAKIM
LEH
LWH
NMEA
0s
PDA
svs
-
Jabatan Kemajuan Islam clan Dakwah Malaysia
Local East Horizon
Local West Horizon
Operation System
Personal Digital Assistant
Random Access Memory
Space Vehicles / satellites
UT
-
Universal Time
WLAN
-
Wireless Local Area Networks
WAAS
-
Wide Area Augmentation System
TUC
Temps Universe1 Coordonnk
LIST OF APPENDICES
NO
TITLE
A
IEEE Conference Paper, In-Night Prayer Times and Qiblat Direction
PAGE
102
A Preliminary Study, International RF and Microwave Conference,
Putrajaya; 2006.
B
Mobile Prayer Times and Qiblat Direction Using GPS.
107
Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE2007).
C
Calculation to Determine Prayer Times Used by Jabatan Kemajuan
Islam Malaysia (JAKIM).
112
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Chapter One is focusing on the project background, project objectives,
problem statements, scope of work, system operation (methodology) and
organisation of thesis.
1.1
Project Background
Solat (Muslims' prayer) is one of the five pillars of Islam and was introduced
within a few years of the introduction of the Faith. In Islam, the day begins at sunset
and the time for the "Wprayer (Maghrib) followed by the "second" (Isha) and
"third" (Fajr) prayers. The "fourth" prayer (Zuhr) is performed after midday and
followed by the "fifth" and last obligatory prayer (Am) in the afternoon. Muslims
need to obey their obligation to perform Solat regardless of where they are either on
the ground, on the sea and also in-flight. For instance, Muslims traveling abroad on
airplanes (which usually takes hours' journey) are still required to perform prayers,
even though they may encounter difficulties to do so. In fact, it is extremely difficult
to determine prayer times and Qiblat direction (direction to Ka'bah in Makkah while
performing prayers) during a flight, due to the high velocity of the airplane as well as
the uncertainties linked to its orientation, Another fxtor would involve the altitude
of the airplanes as this affects the angle of the sun.
Problem arise when someone traveling fkom a place which the Prayer Times
has come to another place where the Prayer Times has not come yet. Muslims only
need to pray one-time in a Prayer Times only, however in this case the Muslims can
also pray more than one time in the designated time. For a long-term flight journey
fiom one continent to another will make Muslims skip a day forward or lag a day
behind before the journey starts. In this case, Solat is based on the sun position and
not taking into account the day or dates.
To our knowledge, there are no such portable equipment. available to
determine the prayer times based on different locations automatically. Inventions are
therefore needed to resolve this problem. This project is design to improve and
develop an innovative system for Muslims to identify prayer times which is
determine the real-time of prayer times using Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) /
Pocket PC with built-in Global Positioning System (GPS) capability.
Graphical User Interface (GUI) based sofbva~using Microsoft Visual
Basic.NET will develop which can determine current prayer times automatically for
users, who are on moving vehicles, without need to select the cment location. The
(GPS) receiver will capture information with regards to the user's current location,
and then information will be synchronized by this software in order for the whole
system to be operated correctly. The determination of the prayer times is done
automatically, without select current location. It is to provide accurate information.
This (PDA) is easy to use because of the (GUI) format is friendly user, which is they
can get the necessary information with easily. It is also provide other services and
multifunction.
The beneficial of the GPS is utilized in this system in order to obtain the
accurate location of the observant even they me on moving vehicles. Therefore, the
determination of the prayer times is done by the system automatically; without the
requirement to select the current location where it is a standard practice for the
existing conventional systems.
The prayer times for any given location for any vehicles like example
airplane could be determined mathematically if the latitude, longitude and altitude of
the location are known [I]. However, the theoretical determination of prayer times is
a lengthy process and therefore, high performance of computer's software is used to
minimize this tedious process. In the Shafie School, k i n g the direction of prayer is
a necessary condition. If the direction is not known that the person asks someone
who knows; if no such person is available he uses personal reasoning [2].
This main project is divided into two parts, which is hardware and software.
The hardware use is PDA with GPS compah'bility is used to execute the soflware that
has been developed using Microsoft Visual Basic. NET. The GPS receiver provides
infonnation of the latitude, longitude and altitude of the airplane and this infonnation
will be synchronized with the developed s o h a r e in order for the whole system to be
operating correctly. In this project, GUI-based s o h has been developed which
can determine the real-time of Prayer Times with additional features that can be
incorporated into portable devices such as personal digital assistant (PDAs) or smart
phones with global positioning system (GPS) capabilities.
Figure 1.1: A Simple Scheme of Sacred Geography in the Published Text of the
Kitab Al-Masalik of Ibn K h d a d h b i h (3rd / 9th century) [I]
1.2
Project Objectives
This part will discuss deeply about the project objectives, problem
statements, scope of work, briefly explained about the system operation
(methodology) that has been done in this project and organisation of thesis. This
project is developing with the following objectives:
(a)
To improve and design an innovative system for determine real-time of
prayer times in any location even though on moving vehicles using Personal
Digital Assistant (PDA) / Pocket PC with built-in Global Positioning System
(GPS) capability.
(b)
To develop a GUI-based software using Microsoft Visual Basic.NET, this
can determine real time of prayer times.
(c)
To develop other sub menu to determine Local Time, Current City and
Location Info.
(d)
To provide friendly user interface using Microsoft Visual Basic.NET with
easy arrangements menu icons for user's to explore in Personal Digital
Assistant (PDA).
(e)
To study and understand on how to create a programming using a Microsoft
Visual Basic.NET and know how to use the software effectively.
(f)
To study on how GPS works and the functionality of PDA with built-in GPS.
(g)
To commercialize this GPSolat product.
13
Problem Statements
(a)
Muslims have to perform their responsibilities to perform Solat no matter
location they are. However, most Muslims have diflficulty to perform Solat
when they are on moving vehicles such as airplane, ship, train and so o n It is
because there is no such equipment available to determine the Prayer times.
Besides that, different locations have different Prayer times. Before this,
Muslims just solve this problem by pray for respeckxi the Prayer times and
later the Prayer will be replaced (Qada'). It is difficult to determine the
Prayer times due to high velocity ofthe- flight, its orientation and the direction
of travel. It is also depends on the angle of the sun relative to the altitude of
FARIDAH AZURA BINTI YAHAYA
This report is submitted ha partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of
Electronic Engineering (Telecommunication Electronics) With Honours
Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
May 2008
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN
PROJEK SARJANA MUDA I1
:
.-~o~ILE~M-EI?I?~.FoI?I?PD*MPLIGAnoN
- - - ------- - ---- - - --- - -----N
N-N-NNNNN-
: .2005rtoO8.-.
- - -- -- - -- - - -- - --- - - - - - - -- - -- -- - - ------- ---- --- ------- - - - - - - - - - - - --- --- ------- -- -
says ~ _ F m - A AzW-B-rnYrn!!A
H
--AAAA-AA--A----A
A A --A
(HURUF BESAR)
--- --- - -- ------------ -
A A
- -- --
- - --------------.
rnengaku membema&mLaporan Projek Sajana Muda mi disimpan di PerpYstakaan dengan syaratqarat kegunaao s e p d
L a p o m adalah hakmilik Universiti Teknilcal Malaysia Metaka
Perpustakaandibenarkan membuat salinm untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja
1.
2.
3.
Perpustakaan dibtntuhn membuat salinan laporan mi sebagai bahan p e r h b m antara institusi pengajian tmggi.
Sila tandakan ( d ) :
4.
(Mengaadungi maklumat yang berdajahkeselamatan atau kepentingan
Malaysia seperti yang terrnaldub di dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI
1972)
TERM*
(Mengandungimaklumat bxhad yang telab ditentukanole&
organisasitbadan di rnana penyelidikan dijalankan)
TIDAK TERHAD
Disahkan oleh:
T*:
82,...................................
LC2f?RNGGKEKEW-T-Ss4Tv,
KC. .DATW-KEMMAT,
.54000
- - - - -KUALA
- - - - - - - -LUMPmz
-------------
T*
.-2-?&lB!I8 -----------------
Unlversltl Teknlksl Waysir W k a (UWL
Koruq Derkunci 1201, Hang Twh d r p
Ayer Kemh, 75150 Mslokz
Tarikh:. -2MEL2-W8-----------------
*CATATAN:Jika laporan mi SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak be-wisasi
dengan menyatakan sekali tempoh laporan ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD.
berkenaan
"I hereby declare that this report is the result of my own work except for quotes as cited in the
references."
...........................
Signature
..
Author
: E~-&-B-WI-YMYA
Date
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"I hereby declare that I have read this report and in my opinion this report is sufficient in terms
of the scope and quality for the award of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering
(TelecommunicationElectronics) With Honours."
Signature
Supervisor's Name
Date
.__._______________----------------------------.MISS &A
IRDAWATY BINTl HASSAN
:2
" d ~ y--.......-.------.------.---.----------------2 ~
DEDICATION
It is only befitting that I dedicate this humble work to the noble and illustrious
Prophet, Muhammad SallallahuAlaihi Wasallam,addressed by Allah
SubhanahuWataYAla
as the "Unlettered" Prophet, yet, the Master of the most
extensive knowledge, foretold in previous scriptures, and the Mercy for the Worlds.
Special dedication to my loving parents, Hj Yahaya b Hj Kasim and
Hjh Mahani bt Hj Rawi, to all my supported siblings and my big family,
especially to my kind hearted supervisorsMr Azmi b Awang Md Isa and
Miss Nurmala Irdawaty binti Hassan, all lecturers in Faculty of Electronics and
Computer Engineering and also to all my dearest fkiends.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alharndulillah, all Praise to thank to Allah SWT the Almighty for giving me
the Rahmah to finish my Project Sarjana Muda 11 successfully. Thanks to Ilahi for
the opportunity given and helped make easier the entire tasks project given as long as
this semester. After work hard for whole semester, finally I frnished my Project
Sarjana Muda I1 with fully satisfaction.
Special thank you to my kind hearted supervisors Miss Nurrnala Irdawaty
binti Hassan and Mr Azmi b Awang Md Isa, for the opportunity given to me to do
this project and for his belief. Thank you very much for her endless support and
ideas, during which she has been patiently supervising my progress and encouraged
me to do this project in the right way. She never tired teaches me step by step to do
this project until I can do it independently. Thank you for her advice. With full of
hope, Allah SWT bless Her and family.
I would like to thank to my beloved fiiend Noor Badariah Binti Asan for her
fiiendship, encouragement and always gave insightful comments on my work. We
work together to provide the best for this project. She never tired to teach me at
which part that I do not know to do. Not to forget to all other my friends, thank you
very much for the support.
Last but not least, I would like to thank my family, especially my loving
parents, Hj Yahaya b Hj Kasirn and Hjh Mahani bt Hj Rawi. Thank you for the
support and encouragement. They are always advising me to perform the best in any
field that I involved. Not to forget to all my supported siblings and my big family, I
love you all.
Finally, to everybody that has been involved in my project directly or
indirectly, thank you very much. Not to forget to Universiti Teknikal Malaysia
Melaka, for the opportunity given. I just hope to get the best mark for my Project
Sarjana muda 11. Thank you very much.
ABSTRACT
Muslims need to perform Solat (Muslim's prayers) no matter of where they
are, even in moving vehicles such as airplanes which is difficult to determining the
prayer times due to high velocity of the airplane and its orientation. To our
knowledge, there are no such portable equipments available to determine the realtime prayer times. This project is design to develop an innovative system for
Muslims to identify prayer times which is determine the real-time of prayer times
using Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) / Pocket PC with Global Positioning System
(GPS) capability. Graphical User Interface (GUI) based software using Microsoft
Visual Basic.NET has been developed which can determine current prayer times
automatically for users, who are on moving vehicles. The (GPS) receiver will capture
information with regards to the user's current location, and then information will be
synchronized by this software in order for the whole system to be operated correctly.
The beneficial of the GPS is utilized in this system in order to obtain the accurate
location of the observant even they are on moving vehicles. This project divided into
six sub menus which is contains Prayer Times, Qiblat, Local Time, Directional
Finder, Location Info and Calendar in the same PDA. These projects concentrate to
develop sub menu for Prayer Times, Local Time and Location Info. The others sub
menu can be reach in the thesis by Noor Badariah Bt Asan title "Automatic Qiblat
Direction Using PDA GPS" which will explain about it. This project was developed
to assist Muslims by providing them with accurate information that can help to
perform daily duty in a proper manner.
Setiap Muslim perlu menunaikan Solat (Sembahyang Muslim) tidak kira di
mana sahaja mereka berada, biarpun di dalam kenderaan yang bergerak seperti kapal
terbang, dimana ianya adalah sukar untuk mengetahui waktu sembahyang
berdasarkan kelajuan kapal terbang serta orintasi kapal terbang yang tidak diketahui.
Dari sumber yang diketahui, tidak ada lagi peralatan mudah alih untuk menentukan
waktu solat yang sebenar dan tepat. Projek ini dicipta untuk membina sistem yang
inovatif untuk Muslim mengetahui waktu sembahyang, dimana ia akan memberikan
masa yang benar dan tepat untuk waktu sembahyang berkenaan dengan
menggunakan (PDA) / Pocket PC dengan kernampwin (GPS). Perisian Pengguna
grafik antara muka (GUI) @at dibangunkan dengan menggunakan Microsoft Visual
Basic.NET yang mana ia boleh menentukan waktu solat secara automatik untuk
pengguna di dalam kenderaan bergerak. Penerima GPS akan memberikan informasi
kedudukan semasa pengguna dan informasi tersebut akan diseragamkan dengan
perisian yang dibina untuk membolehkan sistem tersebut bmperasi dengan baik.
Faedah GPS didalam sistem ini adalah untuk memberikan ketepatan lokasi walaupun
didalam k e n d m yang bergerak. Projek ini dibahagikan kepada enam sub menu
iaitu mengandungi Waktu Solat, Kiblat, Masa Tempatan, Pencari Arah, Maklumat
Lokasi dan Kalendar didalam PDA yang m a . Projek ini memberi tumpuan untuk
membangunkan bahagian Waktu Solat, Masa Tempatan, dan Maklumat Lokasi.
Maklumat mengenai sub menu yang lain boleh di perolehi didalam tesis yang ditulis
oleh Noor Badariah Bt Asan berta.uk "Automatic Qiblat Direction Using PDA
GPS". Projek ini di bangunkan dengan tujuan untuk membantu setiap Muslim
mendapatkan maklumat yang tepat untuk membantu kehidupan mereka seharian dan
juga untuk memberikan peluang k@
pengguna Muslim mtuk menunaikan
tanggungjawab mereka menunaikan Solat dengan lebih sempurna.
CONTENTS
PAGE
CHAPTER TITLE
PROJECT TITLE
i
STATUS REPORT FORM
ii
STUDENT DECLARATION
iii
SUPERVISOR DECLARATION
iv
DEDICATION
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
vi
ABSTRACT
vii
ABSTRAK
ix
CONTENTS
X
LIST OF TABLES
xv
LIST OF FIGURES
mi
LIST OF ABREVIATIONS
!Kix
LIST OF APPENDICES
XX
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Project Background
1.2
Project Objectives
1.3
Problem Statements
1.4
Scope of Work
1.5
System Operations
1.6
Organisation of Thesis
LITERATURE REVIEW
Falaq (Astronomy) Knowledge's
2.1.1
Prayer Times
2.1.2
Qiblat Direction
Zenith
Celestial Sphere Concept (Falaq Concept)
Time Zone
2.4.1
Time Zone Abbreviations
2.4.2
Coordinat Universal Time
2.4.3
Uses
-
PDA with Built-In GPS: 5466-1 ETEN X500
(Glofiish)
2.5.1
Advantages of PDA with Built-In GPS
2.5.2
Disadvantages of PDA with Built-In GPS
PDA Parts
2.6.1 Microprocessors and Memory
2.6.2
Wired Connectivity
2.6.3
Synchronization
Global Positioning System (GPS) Receiver
2.7.1 Timing and GPS Receiver
PROJECT METHODOLOGY
3.1
Project Methodology
3.2
Falaq's Knowledge
3.2.1
Theory
3.2.2 Definition of Prayer Times
3.2.3
3.3
SOLAT Times Table
Determination of Prayer Times
3.3.1 Maghrib
3.3.2 Isha
3.3.3 Fajr
xii
3.3.4 Zuhr
3.3.5 Asr
3.4
Prayer Times Calculation Methods
(For Fajr and Isha Prayers)
3.5
Twilight
3.5.1 Twilight and Calculation of Fajr and Isha
3.6
The Global Positioning System (GPS)
3.6.1 Simplified Method of Operation
3.6.2 GPS Accuracy
3.6.3 Sources of GPS Signal Errors
3.7
NMEA- National Marine Electronics Association
3.8
Workflow Description
3.8.1
SystemDesign
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
4.1
Introduction Of Microsoft Visual Studio 2005
4.1.1 Objectives Using Visual Studio 2005
4.1.2 Creating a Pocket PC 2003 Smart
~evi'ceApplication
4.2
Current Latitude, Longitude, Altitude and Speed
of Airplane
4.3
Coding Prayer Times
4.3.1 Maghrib Prayer Time
4.3.2 Isha Prayer Time
4.3.3 FajrPrayerTime
4.3.4 Zuhr Prayer Time
4.3.5 Asr Prayer Time
RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS / DISCUSSIONS
56
5.1
Results
56
5.2
Achievement for This Project
58
5.3
Results on Software and Hardware
59
(Software: Simulation Results from Microsoft Visual
Basic.Net)
(Hardware: Actual Results fiom PDA)
5.3.1
GPSolat Main Menu
5.3.2
Second Menu (Applications)
5.3.3
Prayer Times
5.3.4
Local Time
5.3.5
Menu Location Info
5.3.6
Location Info (Location Compass)
5.3.7
Current City
5.4
Application Using PDA with Built-In GPS
5.5
Analysis
5.5.1
Prayer Times Comparison
5.5.1.1 Prayer Times Comparison -
Version1
5.5.1.2 Prayer Times Comparison -
Version2
5.5.1.3 Prayer Times Comparison -
Version3
5.5.1.4 Prayer Times"Comparison -
Version4
5.6
Data Analysis / Discussions
5.6.1
Explanation on Analysis
xiv
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
6.1
Conclusions
6.2
Suggestions and Improvement
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
93
LIST OF TABLES
TITLE
Criteria Used by JAKIM to Determine the Prayer Times
Angle of the Sun with Respect to the East-West Plane in a Year
Compromise Abbreviation
Solat Times
Prayer T i e s Calculation Methods
Prayer Times in (UTC) Time
Prayer Times in Local Time
Changing of Latitude Values
Changing of Longitude Values
Prayer Times Comparison with Other Calculators
Altitude Comparison
Prayer T i e s Comparison with Other Software's
Altitude Comparison
Prayer T i e s Comparison with Other Calculators
PAGE
LIST OF FIGURES
TITLE
PAGE
A Simple Scheme of Sacred Geography in the Published Text of the
Kitab Al-Masaliik of Ibn K h e b i h (3rd / 9th century)
Flowchart of the Software Development with PDA with Built-In
GPS Capability
Rubu' Mu.ayyab
(a) Compass with Telescope and (b) Teodolit
(a) I Learned How to Set Up Teodolit
(b) Ustaz Mohd Marngi Wash Explain about Teodolit and
Compass with Telescope
Teodolit Labelling
The Position of the Sun During Sunrise and Sunset in a Year
The Spinning Earth
Map of World Time Zones
The 5466-1-ETEN X500-Glofiish Model
The Parts in PDA
Block Diagram of GPS Receiver
Solat Times
Sun Location at Maghrib Time with Form of Sphere Triangle
Sun Location at Isha Time with Form of Sphere Triangle
Indication of Fajr
Sun Location When Zenith Time Based on Local Meridian
Sun Location When Zenith Time and Asr with Form of Sphere Triangle
Twilight
15 Degrees Has Been Used for Calculation of Both Fajr and Isha
18 Degrees Has Been Used for Calculation of Fajr and Isha
Triangulating fiom Satellite
Measuring Distance fiom Satellite
Getting the Perfect Timing
Signal
Knowing Satellite's Position
Correcting Errors
GPS Spread Spectrum Signal
The Constellation of NAVSTAR Satellites and Their Orbits
Work Flow of System Design
The Microsoft Visual Studio.NET Logo
Overall Flow Chart of Designing in Microsoft VB.NET
Create New Project and Solutions
Tools Required by Microsoft Visual Basic.NET
Determining Maghrib Prayer Time
Determining Isha Prayer Time
Determining Fajr Prayer Time
Determining Zuhr Prayer Time
Determining Asr Prayer Time
Main Menu of GPSolat (Mobile Prayer Times and Qiblat Direction)
(a): Simulation Result, GPSolat Main Menu (Welcome Menu)
(b): Simulation Result, Welcome Menu GPSolat with "GPSolat Trial" Box
(c): Actual Result from PDA
Applications Menu (Second Menu) for GPSolat
(a): First Design
(b): Simulation Result (Second Design)
(c): Actual Result fiom PDA
Simulation Result, Second Design (Applications) with 'Please Wait'
Icon or 'Please click on the selected small pictures' Icon or
'Please Check GPS Port' Icon
Simulation Result from Visual Basic for Help Menu
Simulation Result fiom Microsoft Visual Basic for Real Time
Prayer Times Schedule
Real Time Prayer Times Schedule (Actual Result from PDA)
Graphical User Interface for Local Time
(a): Simulation Result from Microsoft Visual Basic
(b): Actual Result h m PDA
Graphical User Interface for Menu Location Info
(a): Simulation Result from Microsoft Visual Basic
(b): Actual Result h m PDA
(a) and (b) is Airplane Direction with Respect to the North
(Location Compass)
Airplane Direction with Respect to the North
(Location Compass - New Design)
(a): Simulation Result h m Microsoft Visual Basic
(b): Actual Result h m PDA
Graphical User Interface for Current City
(a): Simulation Result h m Microsoft Visual Basic (First Design)
(b): Simulation Result fiom Microsoft Visual Basic (Second Design)
(c): Actual Result from PDA
Real Time Prayer Times Schedule
Actual Result for Current City in the Moving Car
Altitude Comparison for FAJR
Altitude Comparison for SUNRISE
Altitude Comparison for ZUHR
Altitude Comparison for ASR
Altitude Comparison for MAGHRIB
Altitude Comparison for ISHA
LIST OF ABREVIATIONS
DST
-
GPS
-
Global Positioning System
GUI
-
Graphical User Interface
AGC
CUT
DGPS
GMT
-
INSTUN-
Automatic Gain Control
Coordinated Universal Time
Differential GPS
Daylight Saving Times
Greenwich Meridian Time
Institut Tanah Ukur Negara
National Marine Electronics Association
RAM
-
ROM
-
Read Only Memory
SA
-
Selective Availability
SD
-
Secure Digital
Solat
-
Muslims Prayers
JAKIM
LEH
LWH
NMEA
0s
PDA
svs
-
Jabatan Kemajuan Islam clan Dakwah Malaysia
Local East Horizon
Local West Horizon
Operation System
Personal Digital Assistant
Random Access Memory
Space Vehicles / satellites
UT
-
Universal Time
WLAN
-
Wireless Local Area Networks
WAAS
-
Wide Area Augmentation System
TUC
Temps Universe1 Coordonnk
LIST OF APPENDICES
NO
TITLE
A
IEEE Conference Paper, In-Night Prayer Times and Qiblat Direction
PAGE
102
A Preliminary Study, International RF and Microwave Conference,
Putrajaya; 2006.
B
Mobile Prayer Times and Qiblat Direction Using GPS.
107
Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE2007).
C
Calculation to Determine Prayer Times Used by Jabatan Kemajuan
Islam Malaysia (JAKIM).
112
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Chapter One is focusing on the project background, project objectives,
problem statements, scope of work, system operation (methodology) and
organisation of thesis.
1.1
Project Background
Solat (Muslims' prayer) is one of the five pillars of Islam and was introduced
within a few years of the introduction of the Faith. In Islam, the day begins at sunset
and the time for the "Wprayer (Maghrib) followed by the "second" (Isha) and
"third" (Fajr) prayers. The "fourth" prayer (Zuhr) is performed after midday and
followed by the "fifth" and last obligatory prayer (Am) in the afternoon. Muslims
need to obey their obligation to perform Solat regardless of where they are either on
the ground, on the sea and also in-flight. For instance, Muslims traveling abroad on
airplanes (which usually takes hours' journey) are still required to perform prayers,
even though they may encounter difficulties to do so. In fact, it is extremely difficult
to determine prayer times and Qiblat direction (direction to Ka'bah in Makkah while
performing prayers) during a flight, due to the high velocity of the airplane as well as
the uncertainties linked to its orientation, Another fxtor would involve the altitude
of the airplanes as this affects the angle of the sun.
Problem arise when someone traveling fkom a place which the Prayer Times
has come to another place where the Prayer Times has not come yet. Muslims only
need to pray one-time in a Prayer Times only, however in this case the Muslims can
also pray more than one time in the designated time. For a long-term flight journey
fiom one continent to another will make Muslims skip a day forward or lag a day
behind before the journey starts. In this case, Solat is based on the sun position and
not taking into account the day or dates.
To our knowledge, there are no such portable equipment. available to
determine the prayer times based on different locations automatically. Inventions are
therefore needed to resolve this problem. This project is design to improve and
develop an innovative system for Muslims to identify prayer times which is
determine the real-time of prayer times using Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) /
Pocket PC with built-in Global Positioning System (GPS) capability.
Graphical User Interface (GUI) based sofbva~using Microsoft Visual
Basic.NET will develop which can determine current prayer times automatically for
users, who are on moving vehicles, without need to select the cment location. The
(GPS) receiver will capture information with regards to the user's current location,
and then information will be synchronized by this software in order for the whole
system to be operated correctly. The determination of the prayer times is done
automatically, without select current location. It is to provide accurate information.
This (PDA) is easy to use because of the (GUI) format is friendly user, which is they
can get the necessary information with easily. It is also provide other services and
multifunction.
The beneficial of the GPS is utilized in this system in order to obtain the
accurate location of the observant even they me on moving vehicles. Therefore, the
determination of the prayer times is done by the system automatically; without the
requirement to select the current location where it is a standard practice for the
existing conventional systems.
The prayer times for any given location for any vehicles like example
airplane could be determined mathematically if the latitude, longitude and altitude of
the location are known [I]. However, the theoretical determination of prayer times is
a lengthy process and therefore, high performance of computer's software is used to
minimize this tedious process. In the Shafie School, k i n g the direction of prayer is
a necessary condition. If the direction is not known that the person asks someone
who knows; if no such person is available he uses personal reasoning [2].
This main project is divided into two parts, which is hardware and software.
The hardware use is PDA with GPS compah'bility is used to execute the soflware that
has been developed using Microsoft Visual Basic. NET. The GPS receiver provides
infonnation of the latitude, longitude and altitude of the airplane and this infonnation
will be synchronized with the developed s o h a r e in order for the whole system to be
operating correctly. In this project, GUI-based s o h has been developed which
can determine the real-time of Prayer Times with additional features that can be
incorporated into portable devices such as personal digital assistant (PDAs) or smart
phones with global positioning system (GPS) capabilities.
Figure 1.1: A Simple Scheme of Sacred Geography in the Published Text of the
Kitab Al-Masalik of Ibn K h d a d h b i h (3rd / 9th century) [I]
1.2
Project Objectives
This part will discuss deeply about the project objectives, problem
statements, scope of work, briefly explained about the system operation
(methodology) that has been done in this project and organisation of thesis. This
project is developing with the following objectives:
(a)
To improve and design an innovative system for determine real-time of
prayer times in any location even though on moving vehicles using Personal
Digital Assistant (PDA) / Pocket PC with built-in Global Positioning System
(GPS) capability.
(b)
To develop a GUI-based software using Microsoft Visual Basic.NET, this
can determine real time of prayer times.
(c)
To develop other sub menu to determine Local Time, Current City and
Location Info.
(d)
To provide friendly user interface using Microsoft Visual Basic.NET with
easy arrangements menu icons for user's to explore in Personal Digital
Assistant (PDA).
(e)
To study and understand on how to create a programming using a Microsoft
Visual Basic.NET and know how to use the software effectively.
(f)
To study on how GPS works and the functionality of PDA with built-in GPS.
(g)
To commercialize this GPSolat product.
13
Problem Statements
(a)
Muslims have to perform their responsibilities to perform Solat no matter
location they are. However, most Muslims have diflficulty to perform Solat
when they are on moving vehicles such as airplane, ship, train and so o n It is
because there is no such equipment available to determine the Prayer times.
Besides that, different locations have different Prayer times. Before this,
Muslims just solve this problem by pray for respeckxi the Prayer times and
later the Prayer will be replaced (Qada'). It is difficult to determine the
Prayer times due to high velocity ofthe- flight, its orientation and the direction
of travel. It is also depends on the angle of the sun relative to the altitude of