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e. “Meaning” isessential to thequalitativeapproach. Thedesign of thisresearch isdescriptivequalitativeresearch. Based on the
fivecharacteristicsofqualitativeresearch asproposed
byBodganandBilken,this research
willshowthenatureofthesituation asitexistsat
thetimeofthe collectingdataand willbe collectedin wordsform.
3.2. Populationand Sample
The population in this thesis is 20 students of English Department, because thewriter
willdo aqualitativeresearch, so
thewriter will
choosesome samples,bypurposivesamplingtechnique.Thistechniquemakesthewritercan take
thesamplewithaspecial consideration. Based on the characteristicsthatBodgan and Biklen propose, itcan besaid
thatqualitativeresearchisnaturalisticresearch.LincolnandGuba1985say that
“naturalisticsamplingis,then,very differentfromconventionalsampling.Itis basedoninformational,notstatistical, considerations.Its purposeis to maximize
information,nottofacilitategeneralization”.LincolnandGubaalsosayspecial charactersof purposivesample are:1Emergentsampledesign, 2 Serialseection of
sampe units, 3 Continuous adjustments, 4 selection to the point of redundancy.So,thesampleisdecidedwhentheresearcheror
thewriterstartthe research.Thewriterchoosessomepeoplethatareconsideredwilgivethedata
that thewriter need.Afterthat, from thosesamples,thewriterwill choose more peopleto
besampleto givemorecompletedata.But,inpurposivesampling,
samplesarechosenbyinformationconsideration.Further,LincolnandGubasay
2
“ifthepurposeisto maximizeinformation,thensampling
isterminatedwhenno newinformation isforth comingfromnewlysamplesunits; thusredundancyisthe
primarycriterion”. Sugiyono 2009:301-302.
3.3. LocationandTimeof Observation
TheobservationislocatedinareaofFaculty ofCulturalStudiesof SumateraUtara, JalanUniversitasNo.19 Medan.Thetakendatafrom20students who
made textfree essay. Theobservation isheld on October – December 2014.
3.4. Data Collecting Method
Since the research is adescriptive qualitative research, the main instrumentofthisresearchisthewriterherselfasthekey humaninstrument.
QuotedfromSugiono2009:306,LincolnandGuba1986say “theinstrument
ofchoiceinnaturalisticinquiry isthehuman”.Itwillbeseenthatotherformsof
instrumentationmay beusedinlaterphrasesoftheinquiry,butthehumanisthe initialandcontinuingmainstay.Therefore,thewriteraskey-humaninstrument
hasfunction todecidethefocusofresearch,choosing thesamples, collecting the data, analyzingthedata, and makinga conclusion of theresearch’sresult.
Azwar 1997:36 says, “Data penelitian dikumpulkan baik lewat instrumentpengumpulandata,observasi, maupunlewatdatadokumentasi.Data yang
dikumpulkan mungkin berupa data primer, data sekunder, ataupun keduanya.”