TURN TAKING ANALYSIS IN ‘PITCH PERFECT 1’ MOVIE 2012 Turn Taking Analysis In ‘Pitch Perfect 1’ Movie 2012.
TURN TAKING ANALYSIS IN ‘PITCH PERFECT 1’ MOVIE 2012
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fullfilment of the Requirements
For Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by :
WREDHATRI MULYANDARI
A320130180
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SHCOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2017
PRONOUNCEMENT
I, undersigned bellow,
Name
Wredhatri Mulyandari
NIM
4'320130180
Program
Departement of English Education
Research
title
TURN TAKING ANALYSIS IN 'PITCH PERFECT 1'
MOVIE 2012
I truthfully testify that there is no plagiarism of literary work in this research paper and
this research paper I submitted is really a work of mine, except the written references
which is mentioned in the bibliography. Later, if its proved that there is any plagiarism
in this research paper, I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta,$ Maret2017
wrlatr^ll
lyandari
NIM. 43 01301 80
APPROVAL
TURN TAKING ANALYSIS IN 'PITCH PERFECT 1' MOVIE 2OI2
RESEARCH PAPER
By:
Wredhatri Mulyandari
A320130180
Approved to be examined by consultant:
Consultant,
Dra. Malikatul Laila" M.Hum
NIK.4O9
ACCEPTANCE
TT]RN TAKING ANALYSIS IN 'PITCH PERFECT 1' N{OVIE, 2OI2
B),:
\\lredhatri NIuh'andari
A320130180
Accepted
Scl-roo1
b1,
the Board olExat-niner
of Teacher- Training and Education
Muharrrnadiyah University of Surakafia
2011
e:4'-
Tearl of Eraminer:
l.
Dra. N{alikatul Laila. N'I.Hunt.
NIK.4()9
Chair Person
2.
Agus Wiiar,anto. Ph.D
NIK.978
N{ember
3.
I
Drs. Sigit Hart'anto. N{.Hum.
NrDN. 06520s6501
Prs
m
650428199303001
iv
I
l-
MOTTO
Everythings gonna be okay
~the writer~
Barangsiapa yang mengerjakan kebaikan sebesar dzarrahpun, niscaya dia akan melihat
(balasan)nya. Dan barang siapa yang mengerjakkan kejahatan sebesar dzarrahpun,
niscaya dia akan melihat (balasan)nya pula.
(QS. Al-Zalzalah 99:7-8)
Dan Tuhanmu berfirman: “berdoalah kepada-Ku, niscaya akan Kuperkenankan
bagimu. Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang menyombongkan diri dari menyembah-Ku
akan masuk neraka Jahannam dalam keadaan huna dina”
(QS. Al-Ghafir 40:60)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
Her beloved father, Agus Dwi Sisworo,
Her beloved mother, Suparni,
Her beloved sisters, Anggara Puji Hastari & Zuni Shintya Cahya Rani,
Her beloved grandmothers, Poniyem & utsiyah,
vi
ABSTRAK
Dalam sebuah percakapan, partisipan dalam percakapan tersebut akan saling
berbicara dengan urutan tertentu. Mereka memiliki kesempatan untuk mengambil atau
memberikan giliran. Hal itu disebut giliran bicara. Berdasarkan teori Sack (1974) dalam
Gracia dan Jacobs (2010), ada tiga tipe giliran bicara, yaitu: (1) Current Speaker Select
Next (CSSN), (2)Next Speaker Self Select (NSSS), dan (3) Current Speaker Continue.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) mengidentifikasi tipe giliran bicara yang digunakan
dalam film Pitch Perfect 1 tahun 2012, (2) untuk mendeskripsikan maksud dari
partisipan dalam menggunakan tipe giliran bicara di dalam film Pitch Perfect 1 tahun
2012, dan (3) untuk memberikan alasan mengapa tipe giliran bicara tertentu
menghasilkan kesopanan.
Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian deskriptif kualitatif komprehemsif,
karena peneliti manganalisa data dengan mendeskripsikan temuan. Penelitian kualitatif
adalah sebuah penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif dalam bentuk kata tertulis
maupun oral dari pengamatan partisipan dan tingkah lakunya.
Ada tiga tipe turn taking yang digunakan dalam film “Pitch Perfect 1” 2012
yaitu tehnik Current Speaker Select Next (CSSN) yang digunakan dalam 62,5% data,
Next Speaker Self Select (NSSS) yang digunakan dalam 27,5% data, yang terakhir adalah
Current Speaker Continue (CSC) yang digunakan dalam 27,5% data. Dalam
menggunakan tekhnik CSSN partisipan mempunyai maksud untuk mendapatkan respon
(36%), mendapatkan perhatian (24%), berkenalan (16%), memberikan saran (16%) dan
menyelaraskan nada (8%). Maksud dalam menggunakan tekhnik NSSS adalah untuk
menginterupsi (18,18%), meyakinkan (18,18%), meninggalkan (27,27%), tertarik (9%),
dan penasaran (9%). Maksud dalam menggunakan tekhnik CSC adalah untuk
melanjutkangiliran bicara ketika tidaka ada yang mengambil giliran (10%), mengomel
(10%), memperingatkan (10%), klarifikasi (40%), dan menginformasikan (20%). Tipe
giliran bicara yang menghasilkan kesopanan dalam percakapan adalah Tekhnik Current
Speaker Select Next (CSSN).
Kata Kunci: Giliran Bicara, CSSN, NSSS, CSC,Kesopanan.
vii
ABSTRACT
In conversation, the participants speak to each order in certain order. They have
the chance to hold or pass the floor. It called turn taking. According to Sacks (1974) in
Garcia and Jacobs (2010), there are three allocation in turn taking, namely: (1) current
speaker select next (CSSN), (2) Next speaker self-select (NSSS), and (3) Curent speaker
continous. This research aims to: (1) identify the types of turn taking in “Pitch Prfect 1”
movie, (2) To describe the intention of turn taking used by participants in “Pitch Prfect
1” movie, and (3)To give reason why certain types of turn taking indicate politeness.
This research is included to descriptive qualitative comprehensive research,
because the writer analyzes the data by describing the finding. The qualitative research
is a research which yields the descriptive data in the form of written or oral words from
observing people and behavior.
There are three turn aking types used in “Pitch Prfect 1” movie 2012 namely
Current Speaker Select Next (CSSN) technique which is used in 62,5% of the data,
Next Speaker Self Select (NSSS) technique which is used in 27,5% of the data. The last
is Current Speaker Continue (CSC) technique which is used in 25% of data. In using
CSSN technique, the speaker has the intention such as to get responses from the hearer
(36%), get attention (24%), introducing (16%), suggesting (16%) and match pitch (8%).
The intention of NSSS technique is to interrupt or to oppose the argument of the
previous speaker (18,18%), convincing (18,18%), leaving (27,27%), interesting (9%),
and curiousity (9%). The intention of using CSC technique is to continue the turn when
there is no one takes the turn (10%), grumbling (10%), warning (10%), clarifying (40%),
and informing (20%). The types of turn taking which produce politeness in conversation
is Current Speaker Select Next (CSSN) technique.
Keywords: Turn-Taking, CSSN, NSSS, CSC, Politeness
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, all praises to Allah SWT, the Most Glorious, the
Lord of Universe, who gives a million blessing, miracle and uncountable gifts to the
researcher, so the researcher can accomplish her research paper entitled TURN
TAKING ANALYSIS IN PITCH PERFECT 1 MOVIE 2012 as the requirement for
getting bachelor degree of education in Department of English Education of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
Peace is upon to Muhammad SAW, the Allah’s last messenger, who will be the
hero for all his followers in the life after. The writer realizes that this research paper
would never be possible without other people’s help, so that the writer would like to
extend her gratitude and appreciation to:
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, Dean of the School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., Chief of Department of English Education of
Muhammadiah University of Surakarta.
3.
Aryati Prasetyarini, M.Pd., Secretary of Department of English Education of
Muhammadiah University of Surakarta.
4.
Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum., the consultant who has given a valuable guidance
and suggestion during the completion of this research paper.
5.
Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D., the examiner of the research paper
6.
Drs. Sigit Haryanto, the examiner of the research paper
7.
All of the lecturers of English Department, for precious knowledge and experience
given to her.
8.
The researcher’s beloved parents, Agus Dwi Sisworo and Suparni, for the love,
pray, support, learn, advice, force, hugs, happiness, experiences, given to her.
9.
The researcher’s beloved sisters, Anggara Puji Hastari and Zuni Shintya Cahya
Rani, for the support, happiness, share, pray, and laugh.
ix
10. The researcher’s beloved grandmother, Poniyem, for the love, pray, support, advice
and hugs given to her.
11. The researcher beloved cousin, Dara Putri Nuzurani, for the support and happiness.
12. The researcher’s beloved best friend, Chandra, Tika, Indah, Sulthan, Uray, Pras,
Indo, for the support, inspiration, friendship, prays, learn, happiness, and laugh.
13. The gengs of Distinction for the support, friendship, and laugh.
14. The chief of Edso 2015 Rhizal, Neti, Dita, Tafsir, Solihah, fatoni, dwiki, ibnu,
ambar, putik, bachtiar, febrian, azizah, rifki, eko, and niftah, for the support, learn,
share, happiness, friendship, and laugh.
15. Members of fifth division 2015, okta, cholish, bagas, aryo, icha, viny, dennis,
yaumil, anisa, Tari for the support, prays, happiness, and laugh.
16. All of people who give her support and who can’t mentioned one by one, thank you
The researcher realized that this research paper is still far from being perfect, so
all suggestions and criticisms for improving this research paper are accepted and
happily. Hopefully, this research paper will be useful for the readers and prospective
researchers.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta, April 2017
The Writer
Wredhatri Mulyandari
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER
TITLE.................................................................................................................................i
PRONOUNCEMENT......................................................................................................ii
APPROVAL.....................................................................................................................iii
ACCEPTANCE...............................................................................................................iv
MOTTO.............................................................................................................................v
DEDICATION.............................................................................................................. ..vi
ABSTRAK.......................................................................................................................vii
ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..............................................................................................ix
TABLE OF CONTENT..................................................................................................xi
LIST OF TABLE............................................................................................................xii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study..................................................................................1
B. Limitation ........................................................................................................3
C. Problem Statement...........................................................................................3
D. Objective of the Study.....................................................................................4
E. Benefit of the Study.........................................................................................4
F. Research Paper organization............................................................................4
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Previous Study.................................................................................................5
B. Undelying Theory............................................................................................9
1. Conversation Analysis...............................................................................9
a. Notion of Conversation Analysis................................................... ...10
2. Turn Taking............................................................................................ 10
a. The Notion of Turn Taking...............................................................10
xi
b. Types of Turn Taking.........................................................................10
1) Current Speaker Select Next....................................................... 11
2) Next Speaker Self Select..............................................................11
3) Current Speaker Continue............................................................12
3. Transcription System................................................................................13
4. Politeness..................................................................................................18
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Type......................................................................................................21
B. Research Object...................................................................................................21
C. Data and Data Source...........................................................................................21
D. Method and Technique of Collecting Data..........................................................22
E. Data Validity........................................................................................................22
F. Technique of Analyzing Data..............................................................................22
CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis........................................................................................................23
B. Discussion.............................................................................................................43
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. CONCLUSION...................................................................................................58
B. SUGGESTION....................................................................................................59
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xii
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1. Resume of the Data Analysis..........................................................................44
Table 4.2 Resume of the Intention in Using CSSN technique.........................................52
Tabel 4.3 Resume of the Intention in Using NSSS technique .........................................53
Table 4.4 Resume of the Intention in Using CSC technique ...........................................54
xiii
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fullfilment of the Requirements
For Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by :
WREDHATRI MULYANDARI
A320130180
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SHCOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2017
PRONOUNCEMENT
I, undersigned bellow,
Name
Wredhatri Mulyandari
NIM
4'320130180
Program
Departement of English Education
Research
title
TURN TAKING ANALYSIS IN 'PITCH PERFECT 1'
MOVIE 2012
I truthfully testify that there is no plagiarism of literary work in this research paper and
this research paper I submitted is really a work of mine, except the written references
which is mentioned in the bibliography. Later, if its proved that there is any plagiarism
in this research paper, I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta,$ Maret2017
wrlatr^ll
lyandari
NIM. 43 01301 80
APPROVAL
TURN TAKING ANALYSIS IN 'PITCH PERFECT 1' MOVIE 2OI2
RESEARCH PAPER
By:
Wredhatri Mulyandari
A320130180
Approved to be examined by consultant:
Consultant,
Dra. Malikatul Laila" M.Hum
NIK.4O9
ACCEPTANCE
TT]RN TAKING ANALYSIS IN 'PITCH PERFECT 1' N{OVIE, 2OI2
B),:
\\lredhatri NIuh'andari
A320130180
Accepted
Scl-roo1
b1,
the Board olExat-niner
of Teacher- Training and Education
Muharrrnadiyah University of Surakafia
2011
e:4'-
Tearl of Eraminer:
l.
Dra. N{alikatul Laila. N'I.Hunt.
NIK.4()9
Chair Person
2.
Agus Wiiar,anto. Ph.D
NIK.978
N{ember
3.
I
Drs. Sigit Hart'anto. N{.Hum.
NrDN. 06520s6501
Prs
m
650428199303001
iv
I
l-
MOTTO
Everythings gonna be okay
~the writer~
Barangsiapa yang mengerjakan kebaikan sebesar dzarrahpun, niscaya dia akan melihat
(balasan)nya. Dan barang siapa yang mengerjakkan kejahatan sebesar dzarrahpun,
niscaya dia akan melihat (balasan)nya pula.
(QS. Al-Zalzalah 99:7-8)
Dan Tuhanmu berfirman: “berdoalah kepada-Ku, niscaya akan Kuperkenankan
bagimu. Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang menyombongkan diri dari menyembah-Ku
akan masuk neraka Jahannam dalam keadaan huna dina”
(QS. Al-Ghafir 40:60)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is dedicated to:
Her beloved father, Agus Dwi Sisworo,
Her beloved mother, Suparni,
Her beloved sisters, Anggara Puji Hastari & Zuni Shintya Cahya Rani,
Her beloved grandmothers, Poniyem & utsiyah,
vi
ABSTRAK
Dalam sebuah percakapan, partisipan dalam percakapan tersebut akan saling
berbicara dengan urutan tertentu. Mereka memiliki kesempatan untuk mengambil atau
memberikan giliran. Hal itu disebut giliran bicara. Berdasarkan teori Sack (1974) dalam
Gracia dan Jacobs (2010), ada tiga tipe giliran bicara, yaitu: (1) Current Speaker Select
Next (CSSN), (2)Next Speaker Self Select (NSSS), dan (3) Current Speaker Continue.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) mengidentifikasi tipe giliran bicara yang digunakan
dalam film Pitch Perfect 1 tahun 2012, (2) untuk mendeskripsikan maksud dari
partisipan dalam menggunakan tipe giliran bicara di dalam film Pitch Perfect 1 tahun
2012, dan (3) untuk memberikan alasan mengapa tipe giliran bicara tertentu
menghasilkan kesopanan.
Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian deskriptif kualitatif komprehemsif,
karena peneliti manganalisa data dengan mendeskripsikan temuan. Penelitian kualitatif
adalah sebuah penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif dalam bentuk kata tertulis
maupun oral dari pengamatan partisipan dan tingkah lakunya.
Ada tiga tipe turn taking yang digunakan dalam film “Pitch Perfect 1” 2012
yaitu tehnik Current Speaker Select Next (CSSN) yang digunakan dalam 62,5% data,
Next Speaker Self Select (NSSS) yang digunakan dalam 27,5% data, yang terakhir adalah
Current Speaker Continue (CSC) yang digunakan dalam 27,5% data. Dalam
menggunakan tekhnik CSSN partisipan mempunyai maksud untuk mendapatkan respon
(36%), mendapatkan perhatian (24%), berkenalan (16%), memberikan saran (16%) dan
menyelaraskan nada (8%). Maksud dalam menggunakan tekhnik NSSS adalah untuk
menginterupsi (18,18%), meyakinkan (18,18%), meninggalkan (27,27%), tertarik (9%),
dan penasaran (9%). Maksud dalam menggunakan tekhnik CSC adalah untuk
melanjutkangiliran bicara ketika tidaka ada yang mengambil giliran (10%), mengomel
(10%), memperingatkan (10%), klarifikasi (40%), dan menginformasikan (20%). Tipe
giliran bicara yang menghasilkan kesopanan dalam percakapan adalah Tekhnik Current
Speaker Select Next (CSSN).
Kata Kunci: Giliran Bicara, CSSN, NSSS, CSC,Kesopanan.
vii
ABSTRACT
In conversation, the participants speak to each order in certain order. They have
the chance to hold or pass the floor. It called turn taking. According to Sacks (1974) in
Garcia and Jacobs (2010), there are three allocation in turn taking, namely: (1) current
speaker select next (CSSN), (2) Next speaker self-select (NSSS), and (3) Curent speaker
continous. This research aims to: (1) identify the types of turn taking in “Pitch Prfect 1”
movie, (2) To describe the intention of turn taking used by participants in “Pitch Prfect
1” movie, and (3)To give reason why certain types of turn taking indicate politeness.
This research is included to descriptive qualitative comprehensive research,
because the writer analyzes the data by describing the finding. The qualitative research
is a research which yields the descriptive data in the form of written or oral words from
observing people and behavior.
There are three turn aking types used in “Pitch Prfect 1” movie 2012 namely
Current Speaker Select Next (CSSN) technique which is used in 62,5% of the data,
Next Speaker Self Select (NSSS) technique which is used in 27,5% of the data. The last
is Current Speaker Continue (CSC) technique which is used in 25% of data. In using
CSSN technique, the speaker has the intention such as to get responses from the hearer
(36%), get attention (24%), introducing (16%), suggesting (16%) and match pitch (8%).
The intention of NSSS technique is to interrupt or to oppose the argument of the
previous speaker (18,18%), convincing (18,18%), leaving (27,27%), interesting (9%),
and curiousity (9%). The intention of using CSC technique is to continue the turn when
there is no one takes the turn (10%), grumbling (10%), warning (10%), clarifying (40%),
and informing (20%). The types of turn taking which produce politeness in conversation
is Current Speaker Select Next (CSSN) technique.
Keywords: Turn-Taking, CSSN, NSSS, CSC, Politeness
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, all praises to Allah SWT, the Most Glorious, the
Lord of Universe, who gives a million blessing, miracle and uncountable gifts to the
researcher, so the researcher can accomplish her research paper entitled TURN
TAKING ANALYSIS IN PITCH PERFECT 1 MOVIE 2012 as the requirement for
getting bachelor degree of education in Department of English Education of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
Peace is upon to Muhammad SAW, the Allah’s last messenger, who will be the
hero for all his followers in the life after. The writer realizes that this research paper
would never be possible without other people’s help, so that the writer would like to
extend her gratitude and appreciation to:
1.
Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, Dean of the School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2.
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., Chief of Department of English Education of
Muhammadiah University of Surakarta.
3.
Aryati Prasetyarini, M.Pd., Secretary of Department of English Education of
Muhammadiah University of Surakarta.
4.
Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum., the consultant who has given a valuable guidance
and suggestion during the completion of this research paper.
5.
Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D., the examiner of the research paper
6.
Drs. Sigit Haryanto, the examiner of the research paper
7.
All of the lecturers of English Department, for precious knowledge and experience
given to her.
8.
The researcher’s beloved parents, Agus Dwi Sisworo and Suparni, for the love,
pray, support, learn, advice, force, hugs, happiness, experiences, given to her.
9.
The researcher’s beloved sisters, Anggara Puji Hastari and Zuni Shintya Cahya
Rani, for the support, happiness, share, pray, and laugh.
ix
10. The researcher’s beloved grandmother, Poniyem, for the love, pray, support, advice
and hugs given to her.
11. The researcher beloved cousin, Dara Putri Nuzurani, for the support and happiness.
12. The researcher’s beloved best friend, Chandra, Tika, Indah, Sulthan, Uray, Pras,
Indo, for the support, inspiration, friendship, prays, learn, happiness, and laugh.
13. The gengs of Distinction for the support, friendship, and laugh.
14. The chief of Edso 2015 Rhizal, Neti, Dita, Tafsir, Solihah, fatoni, dwiki, ibnu,
ambar, putik, bachtiar, febrian, azizah, rifki, eko, and niftah, for the support, learn,
share, happiness, friendship, and laugh.
15. Members of fifth division 2015, okta, cholish, bagas, aryo, icha, viny, dennis,
yaumil, anisa, Tari for the support, prays, happiness, and laugh.
16. All of people who give her support and who can’t mentioned one by one, thank you
The researcher realized that this research paper is still far from being perfect, so
all suggestions and criticisms for improving this research paper are accepted and
happily. Hopefully, this research paper will be useful for the readers and prospective
researchers.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb
Surakarta, April 2017
The Writer
Wredhatri Mulyandari
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER
TITLE.................................................................................................................................i
PRONOUNCEMENT......................................................................................................ii
APPROVAL.....................................................................................................................iii
ACCEPTANCE...............................................................................................................iv
MOTTO.............................................................................................................................v
DEDICATION.............................................................................................................. ..vi
ABSTRAK.......................................................................................................................vii
ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..............................................................................................ix
TABLE OF CONTENT..................................................................................................xi
LIST OF TABLE............................................................................................................xii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study..................................................................................1
B. Limitation ........................................................................................................3
C. Problem Statement...........................................................................................3
D. Objective of the Study.....................................................................................4
E. Benefit of the Study.........................................................................................4
F. Research Paper organization............................................................................4
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Previous Study.................................................................................................5
B. Undelying Theory............................................................................................9
1. Conversation Analysis...............................................................................9
a. Notion of Conversation Analysis................................................... ...10
2. Turn Taking............................................................................................ 10
a. The Notion of Turn Taking...............................................................10
xi
b. Types of Turn Taking.........................................................................10
1) Current Speaker Select Next....................................................... 11
2) Next Speaker Self Select..............................................................11
3) Current Speaker Continue............................................................12
3. Transcription System................................................................................13
4. Politeness..................................................................................................18
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Type......................................................................................................21
B. Research Object...................................................................................................21
C. Data and Data Source...........................................................................................21
D. Method and Technique of Collecting Data..........................................................22
E. Data Validity........................................................................................................22
F. Technique of Analyzing Data..............................................................................22
CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis........................................................................................................23
B. Discussion.............................................................................................................43
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. CONCLUSION...................................................................................................58
B. SUGGESTION....................................................................................................59
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xii
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1. Resume of the Data Analysis..........................................................................44
Table 4.2 Resume of the Intention in Using CSSN technique.........................................52
Tabel 4.3 Resume of the Intention in Using NSSS technique .........................................53
Table 4.4 Resume of the Intention in Using CSC technique ...........................................54
xiii