The tick abundance (Parasitiformes: Ixodidae) in sumatran rhino way kambas national park lampung and its role in diseases transmitting to sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)
I llduncs~a.r2uglsr 1 Y ' ~- 2Zd 2008
Rmccdlng> of hZU7MC2008
airway
\S
)f
d
15 PNUlml,
to 5
itration
Ilrnl).
%square
ata
kidered
n
1
10
airway
:50%)
I%
irway
PNUlml
~imal
N
ificant
(2 =
THE TICK ABUNDANCE (para~itif0rm.s: ~xodidae)IN SUMATwN RHINO
WAY KAMBAS N ~ T ~ O N APARK
L
L/\MPUNG AND ITS ROLE IN DISEASES T M N S M l n l N G T o
SUMAT WN RHINOCEROS (Dkerorhinus sumafrensis)
Ascarts suum
exhibit larger
responses to intradermal
challenge exh
Introduction
Sumatran
rhinoceros
(Dicerorhiflus
sumafrensis)is highly protected species lived
in Way Kambas National Park, as wild and in
sanctuary.
Disease
agent
including
ectoparasite could threated the exl~tenceof
these animals. The ectoparasite data especially lxodid ticks-at Sumatran rhinoceros
hasn't researched yet comprehensively. A
study of lxodid ticks on sumatran rhino
became an important thing related 10 its role as
a vector of various diseases. The study has
revealed 2 species from a different genus.
PC'oo changes to respiratory and
function variables
tower concentrations
inhaled AS
ta animals with lo
skin
to AS. However, changes
respiratory
fundion war
following
were not sjgnifi
high and low
responders.
to AS may pre
Sensitivily to
but may not pre
lhemagnitude Of PC100 responses to inha
AS.
Surrogate
that predict b
to and
of AS are required,
c
1, p
onders (Table ; x2
amined.
1
1
of Entomology the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bogqr Agricultural university
Park Laboratory of Reproduction
of sumatran Rhino Sanctuary Way Kambas Nat
and Obstetrics the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bogor Agricultural University
Keywords : sumatran rhinoceros, ticks. vector
as a disease agent transmitted by txodid ticks.
Conclusion
The lxodid ticks were considered as
vector that transmits blood protozoa diseases
to Sumatran rhinoceros in SRS.
Acknowledgement
This research was
Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary.
References
Coffinan RL and Hessel
2005. Nonhuman
The Journal of
Val. 20 1 June
of
Experimental
2005,1875-1879.
Skeaeans
Ss
Lamca JE.
C ~ ICS.
J ~Hev
RW.
Closure
Antigen
in cynomolgus
: Effect of
Histamine
Receptor Antagonist, Chforphenjramine
Maleate. Int
Immunol,
137~37-44.
suppofled
by
Anastos G. 1950. The Scutate Ticks or
lxodidae of Indonesia. J. Entomol. Am.
Val. 30 (35-38): 114-120.
Bowman DD, RC Lynn, ML Ebehard, A
Alcaraz. 2003. Georgis'
th
Parasitolog~for
veterinarians. 8 Edition. Philadelphia:
Sau~ders-Elsevier.
Camicas JL. JP Hervy, F Adam, PC Morel.
1998. The
T I C ~ S of the
World.
Nomenclalur. Described Stages, Hosts,
and Dislnbution (Acan; Ixodida). Paris:
Orstom Editions.
Foster WA, ED Walker. 2002. Medical and
Veterinary
Entomology.
London:
Academic Press.Homer MJ. IA Delfin.
Telford 111, PJ Krause, DH Persing. 2000.
Babesiosis. J. Clin. Microbial. Rev. Val. 72
(5): 451-469.
Homer MJ, IA Delfin, SR Telford Ill, PJ KrauseDH Persing. 2000. Babesiosis. J. clin.
Microblol. Rev. Vol. 72 ( 5 ) : 451-469.
Horak IG, JL Carnicas, JE Kierans. 2002.The
Argasidae, Ixodidae, and Nuttalliellidae
(Acari: lxodida): a world list of valid tick
names. Exp. Appl. Acafol. VOl.
28: 27-54.
Jongejan F, G Uilenberg. 2004. The Global
Importance of Ticks. J. Parasitol. Val. 129'
S3-S14.
Kierans JE, LE Durden. 1998. Illustrated Key
to Nymph of the Tick Genus Amblyomma
(Acari: Ixodidae) Found in United Stales.
J. Med. Enfomol. Vol. 35 (4): 489-495.
Results and Discussion
JAl
DCIOO
cepi Tri sumantril, Upik Kesumawati ~ a d i ' ,~ndriansyah~.
MuhatWWId ~ g i l '
Materials and Methods
~arvaeand nymph were collected by drag
sampling method in the whole Sumatran Rhino
This
was SuppoFted
PT. Biman
sanctuary (SRS) paddock areas and outside
Indomedical,
Bogor,
)ndon,gsia
an
the areas using tick flag. The observation of
adult ticks predilection on rhinoceros's body
Pneumolabs.
Kingdom (2007).
would like to
Diah Pawitrl, DVM, ~~~i
was carried out to all rhinoceros in SRS (Rosa,
Erlina, DVM. Aswiyanto, Amd., Dins ~ ~ c i ~ ~ Torgamba,
i i
8ina, and Ratu), while the
specimen processing and identification were
and Fhoci Stelladayef
their technical
done at FKH-IPB Entomology Laboratory.
;
1 ( ~ =2
;97.
1,
lofiion
~xhibited
:hanges
volume
concomitant increases in
volume and
rate and
PronOunc@d
In
inspiratory
flows.
and R were red
and elevated,
by threshold d
of AS.
at PCIOO
percentage of We-challenge values for RL a
C d ~ nwere not
different be
high and low
( t range - 1 ,
1.68,P range 0.1 I to 0.37 1.
The results showed two ticks' species in
rhinoceros, there were
Haemaphysalis
hysfricis and Amblyomma tesfudinarium with
me highest predilection at neck and shoulder
fold region. From 513 specimen collected from
inside the SRS paddock areas were identified
about 80.70°/D and 19.30% as H. hystricis and
A. tesfudjnarium, respectively. Whereas, there
were 30.68% H. hystricis and 69.32% A.
testudinarium identified from 608 specimens
collected from outside the areas. In the Sane
time, Stokes-Greene (2006) was found a blood
parasitemia disease in the rhinoceros causing
by the protozoa at SRS there are Anaplasma
marginale (227 % in each rhinoceros);
Anaplasma cenirale (210 % in each
rhinoceros); and Theileria sp. (215 OO/ in each
rhinoceros). Homer et al. (2000) was found
that all of these protozoa species recognized
145
Bogor. Indonesia, Auguat 19'
Nijhof AM, BL Penzhorn, G Lynen, JO Mollel,
P Morkel, CPJ Bekker. F Jongejan. 2003.
Babesia bicornis sp, nov. and Theileria
bicornis sp. now.: Tick-Borne Parasites
Associated with Mortality in the Black
Rhinoceros {Diceros bicornis). J. Clin.
Microbial. Vol. 41 (5): 2249-2254.
nd
Sonenshine DE. 1993. Biology of Ticks. 2
Vol. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2~~ 2008
Stookes-Greenet. 2006.
Evaluation of
Infectious Disease Risks to the Sumatran
Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) by
Hematologic and Serologic Survey of
Domestic Animals and Captive Wildlife
Surrounding Way Kambas National Park,
Indonesia Ireport]. Ohio: The Ohio State
University.
OMATITIS
CWOMOLGUS
DlSEASl
Pawitri, Erni Sulistiawati, Suzy Tomongo, 1.G.P I
1.N Budiarsa,
Bogor
Bc
period0
lntrodudlon
common
Stomatitis
stnrctures
fIwr
1,2.
can
sl
pn
812,
iron, 01
un!
rnucosa
wit1
treatmen
prevenl
disea:
periodor
~ O U C ~ ~ S
(
mtegories
attachment
(
loss
tht
periot
inflammation
cynomolgus
facility
IPB, Bogor.
!
periodontitis.
1
$
stomatitis
bleedel
'
al
pul
deG
Rmccdlng> of hZU7MC2008
airway
\S
)f
d
15 PNUlml,
to 5
itration
Ilrnl).
%square
ata
kidered
n
1
10
airway
:50%)
I%
irway
PNUlml
~imal
N
ificant
(2 =
THE TICK ABUNDANCE (para~itif0rm.s: ~xodidae)IN SUMATwN RHINO
WAY KAMBAS N ~ T ~ O N APARK
L
L/\MPUNG AND ITS ROLE IN DISEASES T M N S M l n l N G T o
SUMAT WN RHINOCEROS (Dkerorhinus sumafrensis)
Ascarts suum
exhibit larger
responses to intradermal
challenge exh
Introduction
Sumatran
rhinoceros
(Dicerorhiflus
sumafrensis)is highly protected species lived
in Way Kambas National Park, as wild and in
sanctuary.
Disease
agent
including
ectoparasite could threated the exl~tenceof
these animals. The ectoparasite data especially lxodid ticks-at Sumatran rhinoceros
hasn't researched yet comprehensively. A
study of lxodid ticks on sumatran rhino
became an important thing related 10 its role as
a vector of various diseases. The study has
revealed 2 species from a different genus.
PC'oo changes to respiratory and
function variables
tower concentrations
inhaled AS
ta animals with lo
skin
to AS. However, changes
respiratory
fundion war
following
were not sjgnifi
high and low
responders.
to AS may pre
Sensitivily to
but may not pre
lhemagnitude Of PC100 responses to inha
AS.
Surrogate
that predict b
to and
of AS are required,
c
1, p
onders (Table ; x2
amined.
1
1
of Entomology the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bogqr Agricultural university
Park Laboratory of Reproduction
of sumatran Rhino Sanctuary Way Kambas Nat
and Obstetrics the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bogor Agricultural University
Keywords : sumatran rhinoceros, ticks. vector
as a disease agent transmitted by txodid ticks.
Conclusion
The lxodid ticks were considered as
vector that transmits blood protozoa diseases
to Sumatran rhinoceros in SRS.
Acknowledgement
This research was
Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary.
References
Coffinan RL and Hessel
2005. Nonhuman
The Journal of
Val. 20 1 June
of
Experimental
2005,1875-1879.
Skeaeans
Ss
Lamca JE.
C ~ ICS.
J ~Hev
RW.
Closure
Antigen
in cynomolgus
: Effect of
Histamine
Receptor Antagonist, Chforphenjramine
Maleate. Int
Immunol,
137~37-44.
suppofled
by
Anastos G. 1950. The Scutate Ticks or
lxodidae of Indonesia. J. Entomol. Am.
Val. 30 (35-38): 114-120.
Bowman DD, RC Lynn, ML Ebehard, A
Alcaraz. 2003. Georgis'
th
Parasitolog~for
veterinarians. 8 Edition. Philadelphia:
Sau~ders-Elsevier.
Camicas JL. JP Hervy, F Adam, PC Morel.
1998. The
T I C ~ S of the
World.
Nomenclalur. Described Stages, Hosts,
and Dislnbution (Acan; Ixodida). Paris:
Orstom Editions.
Foster WA, ED Walker. 2002. Medical and
Veterinary
Entomology.
London:
Academic Press.Homer MJ. IA Delfin.
Telford 111, PJ Krause, DH Persing. 2000.
Babesiosis. J. Clin. Microbial. Rev. Val. 72
(5): 451-469.
Homer MJ, IA Delfin, SR Telford Ill, PJ KrauseDH Persing. 2000. Babesiosis. J. clin.
Microblol. Rev. Vol. 72 ( 5 ) : 451-469.
Horak IG, JL Carnicas, JE Kierans. 2002.The
Argasidae, Ixodidae, and Nuttalliellidae
(Acari: lxodida): a world list of valid tick
names. Exp. Appl. Acafol. VOl.
28: 27-54.
Jongejan F, G Uilenberg. 2004. The Global
Importance of Ticks. J. Parasitol. Val. 129'
S3-S14.
Kierans JE, LE Durden. 1998. Illustrated Key
to Nymph of the Tick Genus Amblyomma
(Acari: Ixodidae) Found in United Stales.
J. Med. Enfomol. Vol. 35 (4): 489-495.
Results and Discussion
JAl
DCIOO
cepi Tri sumantril, Upik Kesumawati ~ a d i ' ,~ndriansyah~.
MuhatWWId ~ g i l '
Materials and Methods
~arvaeand nymph were collected by drag
sampling method in the whole Sumatran Rhino
This
was SuppoFted
PT. Biman
sanctuary (SRS) paddock areas and outside
Indomedical,
Bogor,
)ndon,gsia
an
the areas using tick flag. The observation of
adult ticks predilection on rhinoceros's body
Pneumolabs.
Kingdom (2007).
would like to
Diah Pawitrl, DVM, ~~~i
was carried out to all rhinoceros in SRS (Rosa,
Erlina, DVM. Aswiyanto, Amd., Dins ~ ~ c i ~ ~ Torgamba,
i i
8ina, and Ratu), while the
specimen processing and identification were
and Fhoci Stelladayef
their technical
done at FKH-IPB Entomology Laboratory.
;
1 ( ~ =2
;97.
1,
lofiion
~xhibited
:hanges
volume
concomitant increases in
volume and
rate and
PronOunc@d
In
inspiratory
flows.
and R were red
and elevated,
by threshold d
of AS.
at PCIOO
percentage of We-challenge values for RL a
C d ~ nwere not
different be
high and low
( t range - 1 ,
1.68,P range 0.1 I to 0.37 1.
The results showed two ticks' species in
rhinoceros, there were
Haemaphysalis
hysfricis and Amblyomma tesfudinarium with
me highest predilection at neck and shoulder
fold region. From 513 specimen collected from
inside the SRS paddock areas were identified
about 80.70°/D and 19.30% as H. hystricis and
A. tesfudjnarium, respectively. Whereas, there
were 30.68% H. hystricis and 69.32% A.
testudinarium identified from 608 specimens
collected from outside the areas. In the Sane
time, Stokes-Greene (2006) was found a blood
parasitemia disease in the rhinoceros causing
by the protozoa at SRS there are Anaplasma
marginale (227 % in each rhinoceros);
Anaplasma cenirale (210 % in each
rhinoceros); and Theileria sp. (215 OO/ in each
rhinoceros). Homer et al. (2000) was found
that all of these protozoa species recognized
145
Bogor. Indonesia, Auguat 19'
Nijhof AM, BL Penzhorn, G Lynen, JO Mollel,
P Morkel, CPJ Bekker. F Jongejan. 2003.
Babesia bicornis sp, nov. and Theileria
bicornis sp. now.: Tick-Borne Parasites
Associated with Mortality in the Black
Rhinoceros {Diceros bicornis). J. Clin.
Microbial. Vol. 41 (5): 2249-2254.
nd
Sonenshine DE. 1993. Biology of Ticks. 2
Vol. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2~~ 2008
Stookes-Greenet. 2006.
Evaluation of
Infectious Disease Risks to the Sumatran
Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) by
Hematologic and Serologic Survey of
Domestic Animals and Captive Wildlife
Surrounding Way Kambas National Park,
Indonesia Ireport]. Ohio: The Ohio State
University.
OMATITIS
CWOMOLGUS
DlSEASl
Pawitri, Erni Sulistiawati, Suzy Tomongo, 1.G.P I
1.N Budiarsa,
Bogor
Bc
period0
lntrodudlon
common
Stomatitis
stnrctures
fIwr
1,2.
can
sl
pn
812,
iron, 01
un!
rnucosa
wit1
treatmen
prevenl
disea:
periodor
~ O U C ~ ~ S
(
mtegories
attachment
(
loss
tht
periot
inflammation
cynomolgus
facility
IPB, Bogor.
!
periodontitis.
1
$
stomatitis
bleedel
'
al
pul
deG