IMPROVING THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT OF SELLING DEPARTMENT BY USING COMPOSITE PICTURES AT SMK BUDI UTOMO KEPANJEN IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-2013
IMPROVING THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING
ACHIEVEMENT OF SELLING DEPARTMENT BY USING
COMPOSITE PICTURES AT SMK BUDI UTOMO KEPANJEN
IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-2013
THESIS
BY:
CANDRA HUSEIN PUJI PUTRA
NIM: 08360008
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMADIYAH MALANG
OCTOBER 2013
i
IMPROVING THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING
ACHIEVEMENT OF SELLING DEPARTMENT BY USING
COMPOSITE PICTURES AT SMK BUDI UTOMO KEPANJEN
IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-2013
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
BY:
CANDRA HUSEIN PUJI PUTRA
NIM: 08360008
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMADIYAH MALANG
OCTOBER 2013
ii
This Thesis was written by Candra Husein Puji Putra was approve on October 21st, 2013
By Advisor
iii
Advisor II,
Advisor I,
Drs. Jarum, M.Ed
Drs. Adiloka Sujono, M.Pd
This thesis was defended in front of the examinersof the Facultyof Teacher
Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
on October, 21st2013
Approved by:
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dean,
Ponco Jari Wahyono, Dr. Drs. M.Kes.
NIP. 131878362
Examiners:
dddd M.Pd
Dr.Hartono,
Signatures:
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
1. ..................................
Rahmawati K. Maro, S.Pd., M.PEd
2. ..................................
Drs. Adiloka Sujono, M.Pd
3. ..................................
Drs. Jarum M.Ed
4. ..................................
iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
Rasulullahualaihi wasallam stated “La haula wala quwwata illa billah:
(There is neither might nor any power except with Allah)."
(HR. Ibnu hiban dan Ahmad)
Yesterday did not mine, Today is mine, and tomorrow might not mine
(My Beloved Father)
DEDICATION
This thesis dedicated to:
My beloved mother Tea Terina Onwardini and father Eddi Pujiono
v
My beloved sisters Sasi Wardini Puji Putri and Triayu Ningsih Permata Suci
My all big families in Kediri and Jogjakarta
My Donzaeng in Bojonegoro
My coworkers in Yayasan Puji Utomo
My best friends in UMM, Aldy, Irul, Rio, Eby, Dika, Zaros, Lucky, Erik, Miko,
Icha, Elsa, Evelyn, Bherta, Tias, and Fery.
My second family on FOCUS COMMUNITY and LPM DIDAKTIK
For all my friends in A class of English Department student UMM and all my friends
who cannot be mentioned one by one.
For all my friends in KKN 62 desa Kresek, Madiun
For all my friends in Malang.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Alhamdulillah, praise be to Allah SWT, the greater power in the world who always
gives the researcher strength and patience to finish this thesis. Shalawat and greeting may
always be upon the holy prophet Muhammad SAW and his family.
First, the researcher would like to express his highest gratitude to his thesis advisor,
Mr. Adi Loka M.Pd and Mr.Jarum, M.Ed who have been very helpful, kind, and patient in
giving advice, ideas, critics, and valuable time during the process of this thesis writing.
Second, he would say thanks so much for his mom (Tea), his dad (Eddi), his sisters
(Sasi and Tria ), his family in Kediri and Jogjakarta, his best friend in UMM, his community
“FOCUS and LPM DIDAKTIK”, thanks for pray, support, and care. Finally, He hopes that
this thesis is useful for the reader who wants to know about improving speaking ability using
composite picture.
Malang,
Candra Husein Puji Putra
vi
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, English is much needed in Vocational High School as an international
language to face this globalization era. In learning English, speaking is one of the language
skills that should be mastered by every student. Based on the preliminary study conducted at
SMK Budi Utomo Kepanjen, it was known that the students had difficulties in English
speaking. It was shown by the students mean score from the English teacher that was < 70 in
which they should achieve at least > 70 which is categorized as a fair score that means they
can speak English at novice level.
Therefore it is necessary to conduct the Classroom Action Research to improve the
students’ speaking achievement. This study is classroom action research that was done in
two cycles. The data collection was done using observation and test. The data from the
observation that had been taken from every cycle analyzed descriptively while the data from
test were analyzed quantitatively.
The research result showed thought on the average, the tenth year students’ speaking
achievement of selling department by using composite pictures were categorized as fair
(M=67.95) in cycle 1 and good (M=72.56) in cycle 2. So, composite picture is an
appropriate media used to improve students’ speaking skill. Based on the results, it is
suggested to the English teacher to apply pictures as media continually in the teaching and
testing of speaking to help the students improve their speaking skill.
Key Words: Speaking achievement, pictures
The Advisor I
the Writer,
Drs. Adiloka Sujono, M.Pd
Candra Husein Puji Putra
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL........................................................................................................... …
iii
LEGALISATION...................................................................................................…
iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ............................................................................ …
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………..................................................................... …
vi
ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................................…
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... …
viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of Study …………………………………………………..
1
1.2
Statement Problem ………………….…………………………………..
4
1.3
Action Hypothesis ………………………………………………………
4
1.4
Purpose of Study ………………………………………………………..
4
1.5
Significance of the Research …………………………………………….
5
1.6
Scope and Limitation ……………………………………………………
5
1.7
Definition of Key term ………………………………………………….
6
Chapter II Related Literature Review
viii
2.1
Teaching ……….…………………………………………………..……
8
2.2
Speaking Ability………...……………………………………………….
8
2.2.1 Fluency…………………................……………………………….
10
2.2.2 Accuracy………………………………..…………………………
11
a. Pronunciation / Accent ………………………………..............
12
b. Grammar ………………………………………………………
13
c. Vocabulary …………………………………………………….
13
2.2.3 Content ……………………..………………………………….…
14
2.3
The Teaching of Speaking …………..………………………………….
15
2.4
Picture …………………………………………………………………..
15
2.4.1 Action Research Hypothesis ……………………………………..
16
2.4.2 Types of Pictures …………………………………………………
16
1. Individual Picture ……………………………………………...
17
2. Composite Picture ……………………………………………..
17
3. Picture in Series ……………………………………………….
18
2.4.3 Criteria in Using Picture …………………………………………
19
2.4.4 The Strength of Using Pictures as Speaking Teaching Media …..
20
2.4.5 The Functions of Pictures in the English Teaching Learning
Process ………………………………………………………….
2.5 Developing the Students’ Speaking Skill through Composite Pictures.
22
23
Chapter III Research Method
3.1. Research Design ……………………………………………………….
24
3.2. Setting and subjects of the Study ………………………………………
25
3.3. Preliminary Observation ………………………………………………..
25
3.4. Research Procedure …………………………………………………….
26
3.4.1 Planning ………………………………………………………….
26
a. Design Lesson Plan ……………………………………………..
26
b. Preparing Instructional Media …………………………………
27
3.4.2. Acting …………………………………………………………..
27
3.4.3. Observing ………………………………………………………
28
3.4.4. Reflecting ………………………………………………………
28
3.5. Research Instrument …………………………………………………..
28
a. Test ………………………………………………………………….
28
b. Observation …………………………………………………………
29
3.6. Data Analysis ………………………………………………………….
30
Chapter IV Research Results and Discussion
ix
4.1
Preliminary Research ………………...……………………………….
32
4.2
The Result of CAR ……………………………………………………
32
4.2.1 First Cycle …………………………………..…………………..
33
a. Planning ………………………………………………………..
33
b. Action.…………………………………….…..………………..
34
1. First Meeting ……………………………………………….
34
2. Second Meeting …………………………………………….
34
c. Observation ……………………………………………………
35
1. Student Activities …………………………………………..
35
2. Field Note …………………………………………………..
35
d. Reflection ………………………………………………………
36
4.3
4.2.2 Second Cycle ………………......................................................
37
a. Planning ………………………………………………………..
37
b. Action.…………………………………….…..………………..
38
1. First Meeting ……………………………………………….
38
2. Second Meeting …………………………………………….
39
c. Observation ……………………………………………………
39
1. Student Activities …………………………………………..
39
2. Field Note …………………………………………………..
39
d. Reflection ……………………………………………………...
40
Discussion …………………………………………………………….
41
Chapter V Conclusion and Suggestions
5.1
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………
45
5.2. Suggestions …………………………………………………………...
46
REFERENCES
APPENDIXES
x
LIST OF TABLES
Page
42
43
xi
Name of Tables
Table 4.1 Students’ average score of speaking achievement from
preliminary, cycle I, and cycle II
Table.4.2 The data of successful as classical in preliminary, cycle 1, and
cycle 2.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the researcher will state such topics as: background of
study, statement of the problem, action hypothesis, purpose of the study,
significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of Study
Language is a system for the expression of meaning. Its primary function
is for interaction and communication (Mcdonough: 2013:135). Language is used
by human in order to know and understand each other. As we know that God
created human in different condition and character, so they need to interact among
xplained this instruction in the Quran at Surah Al-Hujarat
people. Allah has explained
Al
13:
O mankind, we have created you from male and female; and We have
sub-tribess for greater facility of intercourse.
divided you into tribes and sub
Verily, the most honored among you in the sight of Allah is he who is the
most righteous among you. Surely, Allah is All Knowing, All aware.
(49:13)
1
2
The statement above shows that people have been instructed by Allah to be a
friendship or can be understood between each other, although they have different
language.
In daily life, we need to communicate to each other and the simplest
communication tool is speaking. According to Flucher (2003) speaking is the
verbal use of language to communicate with others. By speaking well, we can
make good communication with other people. Especially in this globalization era,
we should be able to communicate with foreigners from abroad. As we know
every foreigner always using English to communicate with other people from
another country.
Since the speaking skill is one of the most difficult aspects to master (Ur,
2009:120) , the researcher intends to improve this kind of skill by conducting his
research to the students at a vocational high school in Kepanjen, Kabupaten
Malang. There are many ways to improve their speaking ability and one of them is
using pictures as teaching media. Picture is a common language which is easy to
understand. Because of that, there was a Chinese aphorism which says that a
picture can speak more than thousand words. Pictures can also be used to teach all
language skills such as listening, speaking, reading and writing (Rachmadie:
2002:7.5). Through this media, the students are expected to be able to speak
fluently.
Based on pre observation in SMK Budi Utomo Kepanjen, The researcher
found that most of tenth grade student have difficulty in speaking English. They
were not able to say something in English when they have to speak English.
3
Moreover, minimal standart score in SMK Budi Utomo Kepanjen was grater or
equal to 70 (≤70) especially for the tenth grade. There were 17 students that got
under minimal standart score from 23 students.
The researcher chooses composite pictures as a teaching media to improve
their speaking. It is more likely telling story activity but the researcher helps the
students’ imagination by using composite pictures. Besides that, in the composite
pictures students can find more than one activity, person, object, thing, etc. By
using composite pictures, they are expected to able to imagine what words which
can be used to describe the composite pictures well.
The students that the researcher wants to improve their speaking are from
‘Selling Department’ (TN) at SMK (vocational high school) Budi Utomo
Kepanjen, Malang. Actually teaching method in teaching vocation high school is
different from teaching in public high school, because vocational student have to
master English in line with their program they take. However, According to
Standard Competency of Tenth Selling Department Student have to able to speak
English on level novice, it means that they just able to understand how to speak
fluently to be good sellers, but in this research the researcher just using the one of
indicator on this competency; the student can explain the description the activity
of peoples on traditional market.
The reason why the researcher chooses the tenth year students is because
they are in the first grade in senior high school. So if it’s started from the
beginning, the researcher hope they will have the basic skill of English speaking
and it will be easy to continue in the next grade.
4
1.2 Statement of Problem
Based on the background of study, the research problem can be formulated
as follow:
1. How does composite pictures improve the tenth grade students’ speaking
achievement of selling department at SMK Budi Utomo Kepanjen
2. Does a composite picture improve the tenth grade students’ speaking
achievement of selling department at SMK Budi Utomo Kepanjen?
1.3 Action Hypothesis
In order to give tentative answer of the problem, the action hypothesis is
composite pictures improve the tenth grade student’s speaking achievement of
selling department at SMK Budi Utomo Kepanjen in 2012/2013 academy year.
1.4 Purpose of Study
In accordance with the research problem, the purposes of the study are
formulated as follows:
1. To know how composite picture improve the tenth grade students’
speaking achievement of selling department at SMK Budi Utomo
Kepanjen.
2. To know whether or not composite picture improve the tent grade student
speaking achievement of selling department at SMK Budi Utomo
Kepanjen.
5
1.5 Significance of the Research
The results of the research hopefully may give useful information for the
following persons:
a. For the English teachers
The results of the research are expected to give alternative to the techniques of
teaching speaking in order to create more interesting atmosphere for the
students, which will motivate the students in learning English speaking.
b. For the students
By using composite pictures, it is expected that the students’ speaking
achievement will be improved well.
c. For the future researchers
The result of this research might be useful for other researches as the reference
and the resource of information to conduct further research in the similar areas
of the study using different research approach or design.
1.6 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study is applying composite pictures method to improve
student’s speaking achievement. The limitation of this study is the tenth grade
student of selling department at SMK Budi Utomo Kepanjen in academy year
2012/2013.
1.7 Definition of Key Term
6
The term that are necessary to be defined operationally are speaking
achievement and pictures.
a. Speaking
Speaking is a productive skill, it is an activity that needs a voice and
involves the speaking tools, such as; mouth, tongue, lips, etc. According to
Florez in Bailey (2005:2), speaking is an interactive process of constructing
meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information.
b.
Achievement
In Hornby (1995:10), achievement is a thing done successfully, especially
with effort and skill.
c.
Speaking Achievement
Speaking achievement refers to the students’ mastery of accuracy,
fluency and content in relation to the topic being discussed. According to Brown
(2001:270) accuracy, fluency and content are several characteristics of spoken
language can make oral performance easy as well as. In this research, the
students speaking achievement was measured by their score of the speaking test
through composite pictures.
d.
Picture
7
According to Hornby (1995:871), picture is painting, drawing, sketch,
photograph, etc. that shows a scene, a person or thing
In this research, the researcher uses composite picture as teaching media to
improve the students’ speaking achievement.
Yunus (1981:49) notes that composite pictures are large and single
pictures, which show a scene (a hospital, a beach, a canteen, a railway, a street
in which we can see a number of people doing something. In addition, Wright
(1989:98) says that a composite picture is a picture which gives details
information. This means that composite pictures can give different activity or
information in the pictures. There may be a lot of people doing different things
or it may be a landscape, or a cityscape showing a lot of objects, buildings, etc.
Their characteristics are larger than individual pictures.
ACHIEVEMENT OF SELLING DEPARTMENT BY USING
COMPOSITE PICTURES AT SMK BUDI UTOMO KEPANJEN
IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-2013
THESIS
BY:
CANDRA HUSEIN PUJI PUTRA
NIM: 08360008
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMADIYAH MALANG
OCTOBER 2013
i
IMPROVING THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING
ACHIEVEMENT OF SELLING DEPARTMENT BY USING
COMPOSITE PICTURES AT SMK BUDI UTOMO KEPANJEN
IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-2013
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
BY:
CANDRA HUSEIN PUJI PUTRA
NIM: 08360008
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMADIYAH MALANG
OCTOBER 2013
ii
This Thesis was written by Candra Husein Puji Putra was approve on October 21st, 2013
By Advisor
iii
Advisor II,
Advisor I,
Drs. Jarum, M.Ed
Drs. Adiloka Sujono, M.Pd
This thesis was defended in front of the examinersof the Facultyof Teacher
Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
on October, 21st2013
Approved by:
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dean,
Ponco Jari Wahyono, Dr. Drs. M.Kes.
NIP. 131878362
Examiners:
dddd M.Pd
Dr.Hartono,
Signatures:
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
1. ..................................
Rahmawati K. Maro, S.Pd., M.PEd
2. ..................................
Drs. Adiloka Sujono, M.Pd
3. ..................................
Drs. Jarum M.Ed
4. ..................................
iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
Rasulullahualaihi wasallam stated “La haula wala quwwata illa billah:
(There is neither might nor any power except with Allah)."
(HR. Ibnu hiban dan Ahmad)
Yesterday did not mine, Today is mine, and tomorrow might not mine
(My Beloved Father)
DEDICATION
This thesis dedicated to:
My beloved mother Tea Terina Onwardini and father Eddi Pujiono
v
My beloved sisters Sasi Wardini Puji Putri and Triayu Ningsih Permata Suci
My all big families in Kediri and Jogjakarta
My Donzaeng in Bojonegoro
My coworkers in Yayasan Puji Utomo
My best friends in UMM, Aldy, Irul, Rio, Eby, Dika, Zaros, Lucky, Erik, Miko,
Icha, Elsa, Evelyn, Bherta, Tias, and Fery.
My second family on FOCUS COMMUNITY and LPM DIDAKTIK
For all my friends in A class of English Department student UMM and all my friends
who cannot be mentioned one by one.
For all my friends in KKN 62 desa Kresek, Madiun
For all my friends in Malang.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Alhamdulillah, praise be to Allah SWT, the greater power in the world who always
gives the researcher strength and patience to finish this thesis. Shalawat and greeting may
always be upon the holy prophet Muhammad SAW and his family.
First, the researcher would like to express his highest gratitude to his thesis advisor,
Mr. Adi Loka M.Pd and Mr.Jarum, M.Ed who have been very helpful, kind, and patient in
giving advice, ideas, critics, and valuable time during the process of this thesis writing.
Second, he would say thanks so much for his mom (Tea), his dad (Eddi), his sisters
(Sasi and Tria ), his family in Kediri and Jogjakarta, his best friend in UMM, his community
“FOCUS and LPM DIDAKTIK”, thanks for pray, support, and care. Finally, He hopes that
this thesis is useful for the reader who wants to know about improving speaking ability using
composite picture.
Malang,
Candra Husein Puji Putra
vi
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, English is much needed in Vocational High School as an international
language to face this globalization era. In learning English, speaking is one of the language
skills that should be mastered by every student. Based on the preliminary study conducted at
SMK Budi Utomo Kepanjen, it was known that the students had difficulties in English
speaking. It was shown by the students mean score from the English teacher that was < 70 in
which they should achieve at least > 70 which is categorized as a fair score that means they
can speak English at novice level.
Therefore it is necessary to conduct the Classroom Action Research to improve the
students’ speaking achievement. This study is classroom action research that was done in
two cycles. The data collection was done using observation and test. The data from the
observation that had been taken from every cycle analyzed descriptively while the data from
test were analyzed quantitatively.
The research result showed thought on the average, the tenth year students’ speaking
achievement of selling department by using composite pictures were categorized as fair
(M=67.95) in cycle 1 and good (M=72.56) in cycle 2. So, composite picture is an
appropriate media used to improve students’ speaking skill. Based on the results, it is
suggested to the English teacher to apply pictures as media continually in the teaching and
testing of speaking to help the students improve their speaking skill.
Key Words: Speaking achievement, pictures
The Advisor I
the Writer,
Drs. Adiloka Sujono, M.Pd
Candra Husein Puji Putra
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL........................................................................................................... …
iii
LEGALISATION...................................................................................................…
iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ............................................................................ …
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………..................................................................... …
vi
ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................................…
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... …
viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of Study …………………………………………………..
1
1.2
Statement Problem ………………….…………………………………..
4
1.3
Action Hypothesis ………………………………………………………
4
1.4
Purpose of Study ………………………………………………………..
4
1.5
Significance of the Research …………………………………………….
5
1.6
Scope and Limitation ……………………………………………………
5
1.7
Definition of Key term ………………………………………………….
6
Chapter II Related Literature Review
viii
2.1
Teaching ……….…………………………………………………..……
8
2.2
Speaking Ability………...……………………………………………….
8
2.2.1 Fluency…………………................……………………………….
10
2.2.2 Accuracy………………………………..…………………………
11
a. Pronunciation / Accent ………………………………..............
12
b. Grammar ………………………………………………………
13
c. Vocabulary …………………………………………………….
13
2.2.3 Content ……………………..………………………………….…
14
2.3
The Teaching of Speaking …………..………………………………….
15
2.4
Picture …………………………………………………………………..
15
2.4.1 Action Research Hypothesis ……………………………………..
16
2.4.2 Types of Pictures …………………………………………………
16
1. Individual Picture ……………………………………………...
17
2. Composite Picture ……………………………………………..
17
3. Picture in Series ……………………………………………….
18
2.4.3 Criteria in Using Picture …………………………………………
19
2.4.4 The Strength of Using Pictures as Speaking Teaching Media …..
20
2.4.5 The Functions of Pictures in the English Teaching Learning
Process ………………………………………………………….
2.5 Developing the Students’ Speaking Skill through Composite Pictures.
22
23
Chapter III Research Method
3.1. Research Design ……………………………………………………….
24
3.2. Setting and subjects of the Study ………………………………………
25
3.3. Preliminary Observation ………………………………………………..
25
3.4. Research Procedure …………………………………………………….
26
3.4.1 Planning ………………………………………………………….
26
a. Design Lesson Plan ……………………………………………..
26
b. Preparing Instructional Media …………………………………
27
3.4.2. Acting …………………………………………………………..
27
3.4.3. Observing ………………………………………………………
28
3.4.4. Reflecting ………………………………………………………
28
3.5. Research Instrument …………………………………………………..
28
a. Test ………………………………………………………………….
28
b. Observation …………………………………………………………
29
3.6. Data Analysis ………………………………………………………….
30
Chapter IV Research Results and Discussion
ix
4.1
Preliminary Research ………………...……………………………….
32
4.2
The Result of CAR ……………………………………………………
32
4.2.1 First Cycle …………………………………..…………………..
33
a. Planning ………………………………………………………..
33
b. Action.…………………………………….…..………………..
34
1. First Meeting ……………………………………………….
34
2. Second Meeting …………………………………………….
34
c. Observation ……………………………………………………
35
1. Student Activities …………………………………………..
35
2. Field Note …………………………………………………..
35
d. Reflection ………………………………………………………
36
4.3
4.2.2 Second Cycle ………………......................................................
37
a. Planning ………………………………………………………..
37
b. Action.…………………………………….…..………………..
38
1. First Meeting ……………………………………………….
38
2. Second Meeting …………………………………………….
39
c. Observation ……………………………………………………
39
1. Student Activities …………………………………………..
39
2. Field Note …………………………………………………..
39
d. Reflection ……………………………………………………...
40
Discussion …………………………………………………………….
41
Chapter V Conclusion and Suggestions
5.1
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………
45
5.2. Suggestions …………………………………………………………...
46
REFERENCES
APPENDIXES
x
LIST OF TABLES
Page
42
43
xi
Name of Tables
Table 4.1 Students’ average score of speaking achievement from
preliminary, cycle I, and cycle II
Table.4.2 The data of successful as classical in preliminary, cycle 1, and
cycle 2.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the researcher will state such topics as: background of
study, statement of the problem, action hypothesis, purpose of the study,
significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of Study
Language is a system for the expression of meaning. Its primary function
is for interaction and communication (Mcdonough: 2013:135). Language is used
by human in order to know and understand each other. As we know that God
created human in different condition and character, so they need to interact among
xplained this instruction in the Quran at Surah Al-Hujarat
people. Allah has explained
Al
13:
O mankind, we have created you from male and female; and We have
sub-tribess for greater facility of intercourse.
divided you into tribes and sub
Verily, the most honored among you in the sight of Allah is he who is the
most righteous among you. Surely, Allah is All Knowing, All aware.
(49:13)
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The statement above shows that people have been instructed by Allah to be a
friendship or can be understood between each other, although they have different
language.
In daily life, we need to communicate to each other and the simplest
communication tool is speaking. According to Flucher (2003) speaking is the
verbal use of language to communicate with others. By speaking well, we can
make good communication with other people. Especially in this globalization era,
we should be able to communicate with foreigners from abroad. As we know
every foreigner always using English to communicate with other people from
another country.
Since the speaking skill is one of the most difficult aspects to master (Ur,
2009:120) , the researcher intends to improve this kind of skill by conducting his
research to the students at a vocational high school in Kepanjen, Kabupaten
Malang. There are many ways to improve their speaking ability and one of them is
using pictures as teaching media. Picture is a common language which is easy to
understand. Because of that, there was a Chinese aphorism which says that a
picture can speak more than thousand words. Pictures can also be used to teach all
language skills such as listening, speaking, reading and writing (Rachmadie:
2002:7.5). Through this media, the students are expected to be able to speak
fluently.
Based on pre observation in SMK Budi Utomo Kepanjen, The researcher
found that most of tenth grade student have difficulty in speaking English. They
were not able to say something in English when they have to speak English.
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Moreover, minimal standart score in SMK Budi Utomo Kepanjen was grater or
equal to 70 (≤70) especially for the tenth grade. There were 17 students that got
under minimal standart score from 23 students.
The researcher chooses composite pictures as a teaching media to improve
their speaking. It is more likely telling story activity but the researcher helps the
students’ imagination by using composite pictures. Besides that, in the composite
pictures students can find more than one activity, person, object, thing, etc. By
using composite pictures, they are expected to able to imagine what words which
can be used to describe the composite pictures well.
The students that the researcher wants to improve their speaking are from
‘Selling Department’ (TN) at SMK (vocational high school) Budi Utomo
Kepanjen, Malang. Actually teaching method in teaching vocation high school is
different from teaching in public high school, because vocational student have to
master English in line with their program they take. However, According to
Standard Competency of Tenth Selling Department Student have to able to speak
English on level novice, it means that they just able to understand how to speak
fluently to be good sellers, but in this research the researcher just using the one of
indicator on this competency; the student can explain the description the activity
of peoples on traditional market.
The reason why the researcher chooses the tenth year students is because
they are in the first grade in senior high school. So if it’s started from the
beginning, the researcher hope they will have the basic skill of English speaking
and it will be easy to continue in the next grade.
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1.2 Statement of Problem
Based on the background of study, the research problem can be formulated
as follow:
1. How does composite pictures improve the tenth grade students’ speaking
achievement of selling department at SMK Budi Utomo Kepanjen
2. Does a composite picture improve the tenth grade students’ speaking
achievement of selling department at SMK Budi Utomo Kepanjen?
1.3 Action Hypothesis
In order to give tentative answer of the problem, the action hypothesis is
composite pictures improve the tenth grade student’s speaking achievement of
selling department at SMK Budi Utomo Kepanjen in 2012/2013 academy year.
1.4 Purpose of Study
In accordance with the research problem, the purposes of the study are
formulated as follows:
1. To know how composite picture improve the tenth grade students’
speaking achievement of selling department at SMK Budi Utomo
Kepanjen.
2. To know whether or not composite picture improve the tent grade student
speaking achievement of selling department at SMK Budi Utomo
Kepanjen.
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1.5 Significance of the Research
The results of the research hopefully may give useful information for the
following persons:
a. For the English teachers
The results of the research are expected to give alternative to the techniques of
teaching speaking in order to create more interesting atmosphere for the
students, which will motivate the students in learning English speaking.
b. For the students
By using composite pictures, it is expected that the students’ speaking
achievement will be improved well.
c. For the future researchers
The result of this research might be useful for other researches as the reference
and the resource of information to conduct further research in the similar areas
of the study using different research approach or design.
1.6 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study is applying composite pictures method to improve
student’s speaking achievement. The limitation of this study is the tenth grade
student of selling department at SMK Budi Utomo Kepanjen in academy year
2012/2013.
1.7 Definition of Key Term
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The term that are necessary to be defined operationally are speaking
achievement and pictures.
a. Speaking
Speaking is a productive skill, it is an activity that needs a voice and
involves the speaking tools, such as; mouth, tongue, lips, etc. According to
Florez in Bailey (2005:2), speaking is an interactive process of constructing
meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information.
b.
Achievement
In Hornby (1995:10), achievement is a thing done successfully, especially
with effort and skill.
c.
Speaking Achievement
Speaking achievement refers to the students’ mastery of accuracy,
fluency and content in relation to the topic being discussed. According to Brown
(2001:270) accuracy, fluency and content are several characteristics of spoken
language can make oral performance easy as well as. In this research, the
students speaking achievement was measured by their score of the speaking test
through composite pictures.
d.
Picture
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According to Hornby (1995:871), picture is painting, drawing, sketch,
photograph, etc. that shows a scene, a person or thing
In this research, the researcher uses composite picture as teaching media to
improve the students’ speaking achievement.
Yunus (1981:49) notes that composite pictures are large and single
pictures, which show a scene (a hospital, a beach, a canteen, a railway, a street
in which we can see a number of people doing something. In addition, Wright
(1989:98) says that a composite picture is a picture which gives details
information. This means that composite pictures can give different activity or
information in the pictures. There may be a lot of people doing different things
or it may be a landscape, or a cityscape showing a lot of objects, buildings, etc.
Their characteristics are larger than individual pictures.