A Model of Sustainable Ruminant Feed Industry in Jepara, Central Java

A Model of Sustainable Ruminant Feed Industry in Jepara,
Central Java
Kholishotul Fauziyah1, Heri Ahmad Sukria2 & Burhanuddin3
1

Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University,
e-mail:cahyaku_ziyah@yahoo.co.id
2
Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University,
e-mai:heriahmad@yahoo.co.uk
3
Faculty of Economic Management, Bogor Agricultural University,
Bogor 16680 Indonesia
e-mail:burhan_ipb@yahoo.com

Abstract
Feed availability and quality are among the main problem in animal production
in Indonesia, whereas agricultural and agroindustrial by products are very potential
feedstuffs. On the other hand, there are lack of accurate data and information of local
feedstuffs quantity and availability. The aims of this research are to identify local
feedstuff availability, to evaluate its carrying capacity, and to develop model of feed

industry in Jepara . It is expected that the present research may provide a basic data
and information for feed industry development in Indonesia. Survey method was
used in this study, primary and secondary data were descriptively analyzed. Location
of this research was determined with purposive sampling method and number of
respondents with randomized sampling. The results showed that the production of
available local feedstuffs were: soybean straw was 98% of total production, cassava
leaf was 98%, rice bran was 100%, and fermented soybean (tempe) by product
was 100%. The optimal carrying capacity of Jepara based on the real production
was 27480.79 AU. Model of sustainable ruminant feed industry was designed based
on integrated farming that consist of feedmill, agroindustrial industry, feed raw
material industry, organic fertilizer and bioenergy industry. Recomended feedmill
capacity in Jepara is 577.20 tons/month to produce concentrate for 9620 beef cattle.
Based on this study, Pakis aji, Mlonggo, and Bangsri are recommended for feedmill
establishment.
Keywords: Jepara, model of feed industry, ruminant

Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012

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Introducton
Feed avalblty and qualty are among of the man problem n anmal producton
n Indonesa. Whereas agrcultural and agrondustral by products are very potental
feedstuffs. On the other hand, there are lack of accurate data and nformaton of local
feedstuffs quantty and avalablty. The compettve market very supported feedmll
development (Sukra dan Krsnan, 2009). Based on characterstc of anmal farmng,
rumnant depends on bologcal prosess and natural resources so goverment have
to concern wth local potental feedstuff. The ams of ths research was to dentfy
local feedstuff avalablty, to evaluate ts carryng capacty, and to develop model of
feed ndustry n Jepara. It s expected that the present research may provde a basc
data and nformaton for feed ndustry development n Indonesa.

Materals and Methods
Survey method was used n ths study, prmary and secondary data were
descrptvely analyzed. Locaton of ths research was determned wth purposve
samplng method and number of respondents were decded wth randomzed
samplng. Potental, effectve, and real producton of agrcultural by product was
calculated based on Dry Matter (DM), Crude Proten (CP), Total Dgestble Nutrent
(TDN). The potental producton (ton DM) was calculated wth formula: wde of crop
area (ha) x DM productvty (ton/ ha) and producton of agrondustral by product

was calculated wth formula: total of by product (ton) x DM (%) (Tabrany, 2006).
The effectve producton was calculated wth formula: the potental producton x
proper use factor. The proper use factor of rce straw was 70%, corn straw was 75%,
peanut straw was 60%, soybean straw was 60%, sweet potato leaf was 80%, cassava
leaf was 30%, and sugar cane sprout leaf was 80% (Reksohadprojo, 1984). The real
producton was calculated wth formula: the effectve producton x feedstuff used
factor of Jepara. Carryng capacty was calculated by dvdng producton (ton/year)
based on DM, CP, and TDN wth nutrent consumpton for 1 anmal unt (AU) (ton/
year) (Syamsu, 2006) wth assumpton that 1 AU consumes 9,59 kg/day DM, 1,151
kg/day CP, and 5,71 kg/day TDN (NRC, 1988). Analyss of model of sustanable
rumnant feed ndustry consst of populaton and nutrent consumpton analyss,
feedstuff avalblty evaluaton, and feedstuff carryng capacty analyss.

Results and Dscusson
Producton of agrcultural by product n Jepara conssted of avalable and
unavalable product. The avalable producton became feed use factor of agrcultural
by product, feed use factor of rce straw was 70%, corn straw was 91%, peanut
straw was 95%, soybean straw was 98%, sweet potato leaf was 90%, cassava leaf
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Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012

was 98%, and sugar cane sprout leaf was 95%. Because of the producton based on
CP (%DM) was the lowest producton, so t became a lmtng factor n producton
of agrcultural by product n Jepara. Producton of agrcultural by product n Jepara
was showed n Table 1.
The result showed that producton of agrcultural by products n Jepara were
avalable among January wth March and May wth October. Lack of feedstuff
happened at Aprl, November, and December. The real producton was avalable and
exploted agrcultural by product. Real producton n Jepara was 37,23% of effectve
producton, whle 62,77% of producton was exploted for another ndustres.
Producton of agrondustral by product n Jepara (ton CP/year) was 3.440,08 consst
of rce bran was 3.401,54, soybean cake (tahu) by product was 14,48 and fermented
soybean (tempe) by product was 24,05.
Carryng capacty Jepara was capablty of Jepara to provde rumnant
feedstuff n form of agrcultural and agrondustral by product that accomodate for a
number of rumnant n Jepara. The result of carryng capacty showed that based on
potental producton, Jepara could accommodate 40.156,46 AU, based on effectve
producton 36.207,88 AU, and based on real producton 27.480,79 AU. Carryng
capacty based on real producton was optmum populaton that could be accomoded

by Jepara based on avalable and exploted feedstuff. Based on real producton,
Jepara excessed about 8.781,21 AU.
Nalumsar, Batealt, and Mayong Sub-dstrct were potental agrcultural by
product center n Jepara. Developng Feedstuff ndustry could support ths potency,
t managed agrcultural by product as crude fber (CF) source, whle, alternatve
feedmll locaton were Paks Aj, Mlonggo, and Bangsr Sub-dstrct.

Tabel 1. Producton Potental of Agrcultural by Product Based on CP (%DM) Jepara (tons/
year)
Producton CP (%DM)
Feedstuffs

Potental
Producton

Effectve
Producton

Real
Producton


Rce Straw
Corn Straw
Soybean Straw
Peanut Straw
Sweet Potato Leaf
Cassava Leaf
Sugar Cane Sprout
Total

7,540.44
1,683.70
6.23
3,377.82
68.43
2,374.11
731.16
15,781.89

5,278.31

1,262.78
3.74
2,026.69
54.75
712.23
584.93
9,923.42

3,694.81
1,149.13
3.66
1,925.36
49.27
697.99
584.79
3,694.81

Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012

197


In general, Jepara has potental for developng beef cattle and buffalo (Tabrany,
2006) so model of feedmll ndustry was recommended to produce concentrates feed
for beef cattle. Jepara had 9.620 beef cattles, they were domnated Ongole hybrd
wth weght 200 kg, a beef cattle consumed 3% of weght DM and 1% of weght
concentrate (Tllman et al, 1991) so concentrate consumpton was needed by beef
cattles n Jepara was 19,24 ton/day or 577,2 tons/month.
The sustanable feed ndustry was developng of sustanable feed ndustry; t
was an effort to manage resources conservaton trough technology development
and based on nsttuton n order to provde avalable feed n Jepara. Developng
of sustanable feed ndustry based on effcency and zero waste prncple. Model
of sustanable feed ndustry based on ntegrated farmng n Jepara was showed n
Fgure 1.

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