Development Of Secure Water Filter.
i
DEVELOPMENT OF SECURE WATER FILTER
KHAIRUL AMAR BIN KHAIRULLAIL
A thesis in partial fulfilments of requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Electronic Communication Engineering
Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA (UTeM)
JUNE 2015
v
“Specially dedicated to my beloved parents, brothers, sister,
lecturer and friends who have encouraged, guided and inspired
me throughout my journey of education”
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I want to praise to Allah S.W.T because give strength to finish this final
year project report successfully. I also would like to take this opportunity to express
my deepest gratitude to my project supervisor, Dr Zamre Bin Abd Ghani who has
persistently and determinedly assisted me during the whole course of this final year
project. It would have been very difficult to complete this project without the
enthusiastic support, insight, cooperation and advice by her.
Secondly, I also want to thankful for all lectures of Universiti Teknikal Malaysia,
Melaka for their ideas, knowledge, guidance and encouragement that has a lot of
information and material during finished this project completely. Other than, my
special appreciation and thank to my entire friends for their invaluable assistances
towards this thesis project. Most thankful for my beloved family, who are has given
me support a throughout my academic years. Without them, I might not be the
person I am today.
vii
ABSTRACT
There are many types of water filter and water dispenser that can found in the market
place. Each of the water filter was designed by have the own advantages and
functions that can easy to the consumers in their life. The combinations of water
filter and water dispenser that called as Secure Water Filter which has design with
the safety system and adding counting cups system was produced to consumer from
the upgrading the previous product in the market place. This product can help people
to get the clean water thus can give healthy life for the people. Other than, this
system was design with the High and Low Water Level sensor circuit which act as
the secure system to detect the leaking or overflow of the water if any damages or
error inside the system. Furthermore, this system also provided with counting cups
system to count the available cups and also have 3 types of different temperature of
water which provided to the consumer such normal water, warm water and hot water.
This concept of the product is to easily the human life with keep the health of people
and user friendly. Thus, the creation of this product can give have positive impact for
the people beside will be a pioneer in innovative and creative in their industry and
public.
viii
ABSTRAK
Terdapat pelbagai jenis penapis air dan jugak mesin penghasilan air (water dispenser)
yang terdapat dipasaran. Setiap penapis air dihasilkan dengan mempunyai kelebihan
dan juga fungsi yang dapat memudahkan kehidupan pengguna. Hasil gabungan
daripada penapis air dan juga mesin penghasilan air (water dispenser) yang dikenali
sebagai “Secure Water Filter” dihasilkan dengan sistem keselamatan dan ditambah
dengan sistem mengira cawan diciptakan untuk pengguna hasil daripada
penambahbaikkan daripada produk yang terdapat dipasaran sekarang. Produk ini
juga dapat membantu pengguna dengan menyediakan bekalan air bersih, dengan itu
dapat memberi jaminan kesihatan yang baik terhadap pengguna. Selain daripada itu,
sistem ini dicipta dengan “High and Low Water Level Sensor Circuit’ yang bertindak
sebagai sistem keselamatan untuk mengesan kebocoran dan juga limpahan air
sekiranya berlaku kerosakan atau ralat dalam sistem. Tambahan pula, sistem ini juga
menyediakan sistem mengira cawan untuk mengesan atau mengira bilangan cawan
yang masih terdapat dalam produk dan juga menyediakan 3 jenis air yang berlainan
suhu iaitu air biasa, air suam dan juga air panas. Konsep produk ini adalah untuk
memudahkan kehidupan pengguna dengan memastikan kesihatan pengguna terjamin
serta mesra pengguna. Dengan itu, penghasilan produk ini dapat member impak
positif kepada pengguna selain dapat meningkatkn inovatif dan kretiviti dalam
industri dan awam.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I
TITLE
PAGES
PROJECT TITLE
i
REPORT STATUS VERIFICATION FORM
ii
STUDENT’S DECLARATION
iii
SUPERVISOR DECLARATION FORM
iv
DEDICATION
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
vi
ABSTRACT
vii
ABSTRAK
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ix
LIST OF TABLES
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
xiv
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND PROJECT
1-2
1.2
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
2-3
1.3
PROBLEM STATEMENT
3-4
1.4
SCOPE OF PROJECT
4-5
1.5
PROJECT METHODOLOGY
5-6
1.5.2
FLOW CHART OF SECURE WATER FILTER
6
1.5.2
PROJECT PREPARATION FLOW CHART
7
1.6
REPORT STRUCTURE
8-10
LITERATURE REVIEW
11
2.1
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
11-12
2.2
PREVIOUS PROJECT
12
2.2.1
12-13
II
DESIGN OF A PORTABLE DUAL
x
PURPOSES WATER FILTER SYSTEM
2.2.2
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF LIQUID
13-14
DISPENSING MACHINE USING AUTOMATIC
CONTROL FOR ENGINEERING INDUSTRY
2.2.3
TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
15
ANALYSIS ON AIR CONDITIONER
CUM WATER DISPENSER
2.3
2.4
III
HARDWARE
16
2.3.1
WATER FILTER/WATER PURIFICATION
16
2.3.2
RELAY
17-19
2.3.3
7 SEGMENT DISPLAY
19-20
2.3.4
WATER PAD DETECTOR
20-21
2.3.5
PIC MICROCONTROLLER
21-22
2.3.6
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED)
22-23
2.3.7
BUZZER
23-24
SOFTWARE
24
2.4.1
PROTEUS DESIGN SUITE
24-25
2.4.2
LDMICRO SOFTWARE
25-26
METHODOLOGY
27
3.1
INTRODUCTION
27
3.2
PROJECT IMPLMENTATION
28
3.2.1
FLOW CHART 1
28-29
3.2.2
FLOW CHART 2
30-31
3.2.3
FLOW CHART 3
31-32
3.2.4
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF WATER PROCESSING
32-33
3.2.5
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM PROCESSING
33
3.3
PROCESS OF PREPARING PROJECT FOR PCB CIRCUIT
34
3.3.1
PREPARATION OF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS
34
3.3.2
ETCHING PROCESS
34-37
3.3.3
DRILL PROCESS
37-39
3.3.4
CIRCUIT TRACING
40
3.3.5
SOLDERING PROCESS
41-42
3.3.5.1 SOLDERING METHOD
42
3.3.5.2 SECURITY MEASURES DURING THE
43
SOLDERING
xi
3.3.6
3.4
3.3.5.3 REMOVE THE COMPONENT LEGS STEP
43
TEST CIRCUIT
44
PROCESS OF PREPARING PROJECT FOR STRUCTURE
44
AND MECHANICAL WORK
3.4.1
CONSTRUCT THE BODY STRUCTURE
44-48
OF SECURE WATER FILTER
IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
50
4.1
INTRODUCTION
50-51
4.2
TESTING AND OUTPUT RESULT
51
4.2.1
51-52
HARDWARE AND PROTOTYPE OF
SECURE WATER FILTER
4.2.2
TESTING THE CIRCUIT
52
4.2.2.1 COUNTER CIRCUIT
52-53
4.2.2.2 HIGH AND LOW WATER
53-54
LEVEL SENSOR CIRCUIT
4.2.3
SIMULATION CIRCUIT
55
4.2.3.1 COUNTER CIRCUIT
55-56
4.2.3.2 HIGH AND LOW WATER
56-57
LEVEL SENSOR CIRCUIT
4.2.4
ETCHING AND SOLDERING PROCESS
57-58
4.2.5
WATER SENSOR PAD DESIGN
59
4.3
COUNTER CIRCUIT WHEN COUNTING THE CUPS
59-61
4.4
HIGH AND LOW WATER LEVEL SENSOR CIRCUIT
62-65
OPERATION
V
4.5
PROTOTYPE OF SECURE WATER FILTER
65-67
4.6
DISCUSSIONS
68-69
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
70
5.1
INTRODUCTION
70
5.2
CONCLUSION
71-72
5.3
ACHIEVEMENTS
72
5.4
RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE
73-76
IMPROVEMENTS AND INNOVATIONS
xii
REFERENCES
77
APPENDIX A
78
APPENDIX B
79
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
NO
3.5.1
TITLE
List of electronic components
PAGE
49
xiv
LIST OF FIGURES
NO
TITLE
PAGES
1.5.1
Flow chart of the Secure Water Filter
6
1.5.2
Project Preparation Flow Chart
7
2.2.1.1
Filter Cartridge and its layers
13
2.2.2.1
Solenoid Valve
14
2.2.2.2
Gear Motor
14
2.2.2.3
Hydraulic Pump
14
2.3.1.1
Water Filter/Water Purification
15
2.3.2.1
Shows a Relay
17
2.3.3.1
Shows a 7 segment
19
2.3.3.2
Shows a 7 segment mechanical attributes
20
2.3.4.1
Shows a water pad detector
20
2.3.5.1
Shows a pin of PIC16F877A
22
2.3.6
Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
23
2.3.7.1
Buzzer
24
2.4.1.1
Proteus Design Suite
25
2.4.2.1
Counter Circuit with PIC Microcontroller
26
3.2.1.1
Flow Chart for part 1
28
3.2.2.1
Flow Chart for part 2
30
3.2.3.1
Flow Chart 3
31
3.2.4.1
Block diagram of water processing
32
3.2.4.2
Block diagram of system processing
33
3.3.2.1
Protection layer was removed from PCB board
34
3.3.2.2
Placing board with PCB layout in UV machine
35
3.3.2.3
Supplying UV light
35
xv
3.3.2.4
Immersing the board in the developer liquid
36
3.3.2.5
Rinsing board with water
36
3.3.2.6
Placing board into conveyer spray processor
37
3.3.3.1
Drilling process by using drill machine
38
3.3.3.2
Drilling the PCB by using manual drill
38
3.3.3.3
The hole to place the component (bottom side)
39
3.3.3.4
The hole to place components (top side)
39
3.3.4.1
Circuit tracing process to checking the condition
40
of the line circuit
3.3.5.1
Soldering process technique
41
3.3.5.2
The connection of wire during soldering process
41
3.3.5.3
The condition of circuit after soldering process
41
3.3.5.1.1
Soldering iron
42
3.4.1.1
The aluminium structure
45
3.4.1.2
The body structure with the plywood
45
3.4.1.3
Measuring tape is used to measure the parameter
46
of the measurements
3.4.1.4
The hold which made for holding the water dispenser
46
3.4.1.5
Drilling process by using drill machine
47
3.4.1.6
Shellac process to protect the plywood
47
3.4.1.7
Drying process after shellac process
48
3.4.1.8
The condition of the secure water filter after
48
finish structure process
4.2.1.1
Design the hardware of water filter
51
4.2.1.2
The structure of combination of water filter and
52
water dispenser
4.2.2.1.1
Connection of the counter circuit
52
4.2.2.2.1
The connection of the circuit
53
4.2.2.2.2
High and Low Water level Sensor
54
4.2.3.1.1
The connection of the counter circuit between
55
the 7 segment display and the PIC by using ISIS software
4.2.3.2.1
The connection of the high and low water level
Sensor which use to detect the leaking of water
by using ISIS software
56
xvi
4.2.3.2.2
The connection of high and low water level
57
sensor circuit by using ARES software
4.2.4.1
The condition of circuit after etching and
57
drilled process for component pins
4.2.4.2
The condition of circuit after soldering process
58
4.2.5.1
The water sensor pad design
59
4.3.0.1
The counter circuit start count from ‘0’
59
4.3.0.2
The display show number 5
60
during counting process
4.3.0.3
The display show number 10
60
during counting process
4.3.0.4
The display show number 15
60
during counting process
4.3.0.5
The counter circuit end at ‘20’
61
4.4.1
The low water level sensor pad
62
4.4.2
High and Low water level sensor pad
62
in good condition
4.4.3
Warning light OFF indicate the system is normal
63
4.4.4
Buzzer as the second indicator
64
4.4.5
High and Low water level sensor in unsafe condition
64
4.4.6
The LED as warning indicator is turn ON
65
4.5.1
Secure Water Filter front view
65
4.5.2
Secure Water Filter left view
66
4.5.3
Secure Water Filter back view
66
4.5.4
Secure Water Filter right view
67
4.5.5
Complete of Development of Secure Water Filter
67
5.4.1
Example of the automatic control water valve
73
for the washing machine system
5.4.2
Automatic water shut-down system
74
5.4.3
The solenoid dispenser (24V DC)
74
5.4.4
The automatic water outlet valve
75
5.4.5
Example of the latest technology
76
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background Project
Today, there are various types of machine and product was designed to
facilitate the daily work. Either the equipment is a water dispensers and also water
filter. With the existence of present product, a new idea with innovative
planning to improve the product that is present in this market. Finally, one of the
products was chosen from the ideas to produce a product of a combination of a water
filter and water dispensers which produced with secure system to protect the system
of product. So, the name of product is ‘Development of Secure Water Filter’.
1
2
Therefore, this product will make three types of production water that have a
different taps of water such as hot water, warm water and normal water.
Unlike product that is present in market that only produce cold water and hot
water especially for water dispensers. With this product that will produce later,
it starts by including water from pipe that are used as water sources which
that connected directly to filter and consequently enter major tank. The water level
inside the major tank will be controlled by the using the mechanical system which
are called as float system. It contains clear and clean water before consumers use this
water. Water from major tank that clean go to that has been divided into three small
water tanks to produce the water in different temperatures. At the major tank were
consists of 2 types of sensors which are functionally as the security system where are
used to detect the leaking or overflow of the water. The circuit will be connected to
prevent the electrical and electronic circuit from any damage that are caused by the
water.
From water release, this product is use three types of water valve that were
functioning to release the water when the consumers push one of the valves. The
valves of water outlet are connected with the tank itself such as is a valve for hot
water as connected with the hot tank. In addition, this project also developed with the
system of cup counting which is operation to detect a number of cup available in this
system. The cups will be provided by the person in-charge (vendors) or any
consumers which can be used to take the water production. ‘Secure Water Filter’ this
designed especially for consumers as use at home, workers in office that like to drink
with ways that is safe and simplest. Through produce hot water, all users can make
drink like coffee, tea and other drink easily.
1.2
Project Objectives
The objectives of this project are covered such as
Develop safety system of water filter system to extend the life of the product
To produce clean water and lastly.
2
3
To develop circuit that can determines the number of cups available inside
the system.
1.3
Problem Statement
As the time moves the life style of the person has completely changed and
there is no time for the people to have micro management of every issue personally.
So, this is the right time to provide some space to the new technology into the live
monitoring the issues which are requires the new technology development to make
the life mores easier. In the market place, a lot of types of water dispenser and water
filter have been sold in the marketing with the different design and structure. Each
design was constructed by the company to fulfil the customer’s requirements and
beside follow the characteristics or criteria which are appointed by the Ministry of
Health Malaysia and Ministry of Commerce and Customers Affairs Malaysia
especially for water filter. Water Filter must be able to produce clean and safe water
which can be drink by the human without effect the health of the human and also
must be approved by SIRIM.
From a normal water filter system which is connected directly from the water
source or water piping, user can’t pick the temperature water that user want because
it only produce the normal temperature of water which are filtered by the
specification filter and from water dispenser user can see that it is hard for the
consumer to refill the water in the tank, it is waste of energy and hard to the old
generation to do by itself. Besides that, consumers also just waste the money to buy a
lot of water bottle from the vendors and need time to waiting the stock of water from
the suppliers. So from the lack of use, user has come up with an idea to combine the
two items in to one. Besides that, this project was added with some circuit to make it
more safety and protected. The circuits are used to detect the leaking of water or
overflow of water from the tank and will be indicate or warning the consumers about
the problem of the system. The safety system was provided to protect the electrical
and electronics devices from any damages caused by the water.
3
4
The high level water circuit and low level water circuit which are operation as
the safety circuit contains of the sensors pad as function to detect the water leaking.
This sensor will be detect if any leaking out from the tank and once the water
leaking, the buzzer and LED as the indicators will turn ON and tell that there are
something wrong with the system. In addition, from the water filter dispenser, user
must bring the own cup for drinking. So these problems make the user to find the cup
first before drink. In this project was provided the cups space which is develop with
the circuit or system that can count the number of cup available. With the system, the
user can know the total cups available at the 7 segment display and can be add the
polystyrene or plastics cups into the space provided.
1.4
Scope of Project
In order to achieve the objectives of this project, scope of work had been
divided into two parts which is software and hardware. The hardware work was
covered with mechanical work, electrical work and electronic work which are
combines together to design the product successfully. In electronics work, before the
fabricating process, the circuit that had been designed will be simulating using the
suitable software. In this project, Proteus 7 Professional software, Multisim Software
and Live-Wire software had been used to simulate the circuit that has been designed
and also can be used extensively in a hardware design. For the hardware part, the
circuit designed will go through the fabrication process and make sure the connection
between the components must be correct.
Next for the mechanical part, the structure of the project must be designed
first with the correct measurements including the height, length and width of the
body structure. The body must be stable to accommodate the weight of the water and
not easy to rusty. The condition of the structure must be sharp and suitable because
must able to stand for the water filter, water tank and circuit space. In hardware part,
the design will be constructed with using the aluminium structure. The connection of
piping must be tidy and must be not leaking out because it can effects the conditions
of the system to operate. In electrical work, the power supply must be connected
4
5
correctly and not exposed to any damage especially water. The wiring of circuit must
be tidy and orderly to make sure the system is safe. The electrical wiring is provided
for the wiring of the heater which is used to boil the water for the hot water tank.
In this project, software is analyzed using assembly to assemble 7 segment
displays and sensor. The suitable coding was analyzed to be burned in Peripheral
Interface Controller (PIC) by using the LD-micro software. The sensor and 7
segment displays were analyzed according to functionality of this project. Lastly, the
scope of the project also must be covered by the following:
•
Water source will be processed and divided into three small tanks to store
water temperature in normal water, warm water and hot water.
•
Water was filtered by anti-dust filter and anti-chlorine filter before supplied
into the major tank water.
•
Water can refill automatically into the major tank by using the float system as
the mechanical concept.
•
If water at major tank empty or overflow the sensor pad will be detect, so the
buzzer and LED on. This system is used as the secure system to indicate the
consumers about the danger and problem of the products, thus the operation
of the product must be turns off immediately.
•
1.5
Count the cup which are available that is able to be used from 0 to 20
Project Methodology
This project methodology was discusses the methodology used to ensure the
project in a smooth and orderly manner, the methodology of the project is important.
The project runs smoothly and it explains through the flow chart. In the flow chart,
the work can be done by the right move. Connection can be made with care based on
the materials used. There are some parts to complete the design efficiently and more
stable. The flow chart will conduct how to manage and arrange the fully operation of
the system which are more systematic and available to be used. The circuit condition
and mechanical condition can be determined by refer to the processes flow. The
5
6
prototype of the product also can be designed from the process besides easier to
detect the problem of the system quickly if any problem happened.
1.5.1
Flow Chart of Secure Water Filter
START
BUZZER ON
WATER
SOURCE
RED LED ON
WATER FILTER
HIGH & LOW LEVEL
WATER SENSOR
DETECTION
MAIN TANK
NO
WATER AT MAIN
TANK FULLY
YES
NORMAL WATER
WARM WATER
HOT WATER
GREEN LED
ON
WATER OUTPUT
STOP
Figure 1.5.1: Flow Chart of the Secure Water Filter
6
7
1.5.2
Project Preparation Flow Chart
START
SELECT SUITABLE TITLE
PROJECT
NO
APPROVER BY
SUPERVISOR
YES
DO PROPOSAL OF THE PROJECT
DETERMINE THE CODING BY USING LDmicro
DRAWING THE CIRCUIT USING LIVE
WIRE / PROTEUS 7 PROFESSIONAL
BUY THE COMPONENTS
ETCHING
SOLDER COMPONENTS ON PCB
BOARD
NO
TEST CIRCUIT
YES
CIRCUIT TRANSFER INTO APPAREL
MAKE THE CONNECTION OF
CIRCUIT
TEST EQUIPMENT
END
Figure 1.5.2: Project Preparation Flow Chart
7
8
The preparation flow chart is summarized about the flow of the progressing
project. Firstly, the information about the Secure Water Filter system is searching
and collected to analyse the problem statements which are facing the current product
before do the confirmation to select the title of the project. After received the
approved form the supervisor, the proposal of the project must be prepared to
determine the problem and development to implement the project clearly. After the
analysis has done, the hardware component and software has been selected. Then, the
related circuit that can assemble in well and the construction of the coding by using
the specific software can be finished. Furthermore, the hardware and software are
built must be tested. Find the source of error and finally is to solve problem.
1.6
Report Structure
This report will cover five chapters. The first chapter will be the background,
introduction, problem statement, objective and scope of work. Literature review is
discussed in Chapter II while for Chapter III, the project methodology is discussed.
Chapter IV will cover on hardware and software implementation and last but not
least the conclusions and suggestions are respectively covered in Chapter V. To
obtain a successful project, there are several chapters that need to view and study
nicely. The following are the main chapters and it is short descriptions.
Chapter I
: Study the objective and scope of work on the project.
Chapter II
: Literature review about Secure Water Filter.
Chapter III
: Project methodology includes the planning, the development of the
design
and the management of the project.
Chapter IV
: Hardware and Software implementation.
Chapter V
: conclusions and suggestion on the project.
Dividing the project into various chapter is to ensure the project to work in a
systematic and structural way such that the project able to be implemented smoothly.
8
DEVELOPMENT OF SECURE WATER FILTER
KHAIRUL AMAR BIN KHAIRULLAIL
A thesis in partial fulfilments of requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Electronic Communication Engineering
Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA (UTeM)
JUNE 2015
v
“Specially dedicated to my beloved parents, brothers, sister,
lecturer and friends who have encouraged, guided and inspired
me throughout my journey of education”
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I want to praise to Allah S.W.T because give strength to finish this final
year project report successfully. I also would like to take this opportunity to express
my deepest gratitude to my project supervisor, Dr Zamre Bin Abd Ghani who has
persistently and determinedly assisted me during the whole course of this final year
project. It would have been very difficult to complete this project without the
enthusiastic support, insight, cooperation and advice by her.
Secondly, I also want to thankful for all lectures of Universiti Teknikal Malaysia,
Melaka for their ideas, knowledge, guidance and encouragement that has a lot of
information and material during finished this project completely. Other than, my
special appreciation and thank to my entire friends for their invaluable assistances
towards this thesis project. Most thankful for my beloved family, who are has given
me support a throughout my academic years. Without them, I might not be the
person I am today.
vii
ABSTRACT
There are many types of water filter and water dispenser that can found in the market
place. Each of the water filter was designed by have the own advantages and
functions that can easy to the consumers in their life. The combinations of water
filter and water dispenser that called as Secure Water Filter which has design with
the safety system and adding counting cups system was produced to consumer from
the upgrading the previous product in the market place. This product can help people
to get the clean water thus can give healthy life for the people. Other than, this
system was design with the High and Low Water Level sensor circuit which act as
the secure system to detect the leaking or overflow of the water if any damages or
error inside the system. Furthermore, this system also provided with counting cups
system to count the available cups and also have 3 types of different temperature of
water which provided to the consumer such normal water, warm water and hot water.
This concept of the product is to easily the human life with keep the health of people
and user friendly. Thus, the creation of this product can give have positive impact for
the people beside will be a pioneer in innovative and creative in their industry and
public.
viii
ABSTRAK
Terdapat pelbagai jenis penapis air dan jugak mesin penghasilan air (water dispenser)
yang terdapat dipasaran. Setiap penapis air dihasilkan dengan mempunyai kelebihan
dan juga fungsi yang dapat memudahkan kehidupan pengguna. Hasil gabungan
daripada penapis air dan juga mesin penghasilan air (water dispenser) yang dikenali
sebagai “Secure Water Filter” dihasilkan dengan sistem keselamatan dan ditambah
dengan sistem mengira cawan diciptakan untuk pengguna hasil daripada
penambahbaikkan daripada produk yang terdapat dipasaran sekarang. Produk ini
juga dapat membantu pengguna dengan menyediakan bekalan air bersih, dengan itu
dapat memberi jaminan kesihatan yang baik terhadap pengguna. Selain daripada itu,
sistem ini dicipta dengan “High and Low Water Level Sensor Circuit’ yang bertindak
sebagai sistem keselamatan untuk mengesan kebocoran dan juga limpahan air
sekiranya berlaku kerosakan atau ralat dalam sistem. Tambahan pula, sistem ini juga
menyediakan sistem mengira cawan untuk mengesan atau mengira bilangan cawan
yang masih terdapat dalam produk dan juga menyediakan 3 jenis air yang berlainan
suhu iaitu air biasa, air suam dan juga air panas. Konsep produk ini adalah untuk
memudahkan kehidupan pengguna dengan memastikan kesihatan pengguna terjamin
serta mesra pengguna. Dengan itu, penghasilan produk ini dapat member impak
positif kepada pengguna selain dapat meningkatkn inovatif dan kretiviti dalam
industri dan awam.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I
TITLE
PAGES
PROJECT TITLE
i
REPORT STATUS VERIFICATION FORM
ii
STUDENT’S DECLARATION
iii
SUPERVISOR DECLARATION FORM
iv
DEDICATION
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
vi
ABSTRACT
vii
ABSTRAK
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ix
LIST OF TABLES
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
xiv
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND PROJECT
1-2
1.2
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
2-3
1.3
PROBLEM STATEMENT
3-4
1.4
SCOPE OF PROJECT
4-5
1.5
PROJECT METHODOLOGY
5-6
1.5.2
FLOW CHART OF SECURE WATER FILTER
6
1.5.2
PROJECT PREPARATION FLOW CHART
7
1.6
REPORT STRUCTURE
8-10
LITERATURE REVIEW
11
2.1
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
11-12
2.2
PREVIOUS PROJECT
12
2.2.1
12-13
II
DESIGN OF A PORTABLE DUAL
x
PURPOSES WATER FILTER SYSTEM
2.2.2
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF LIQUID
13-14
DISPENSING MACHINE USING AUTOMATIC
CONTROL FOR ENGINEERING INDUSTRY
2.2.3
TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
15
ANALYSIS ON AIR CONDITIONER
CUM WATER DISPENSER
2.3
2.4
III
HARDWARE
16
2.3.1
WATER FILTER/WATER PURIFICATION
16
2.3.2
RELAY
17-19
2.3.3
7 SEGMENT DISPLAY
19-20
2.3.4
WATER PAD DETECTOR
20-21
2.3.5
PIC MICROCONTROLLER
21-22
2.3.6
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED)
22-23
2.3.7
BUZZER
23-24
SOFTWARE
24
2.4.1
PROTEUS DESIGN SUITE
24-25
2.4.2
LDMICRO SOFTWARE
25-26
METHODOLOGY
27
3.1
INTRODUCTION
27
3.2
PROJECT IMPLMENTATION
28
3.2.1
FLOW CHART 1
28-29
3.2.2
FLOW CHART 2
30-31
3.2.3
FLOW CHART 3
31-32
3.2.4
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF WATER PROCESSING
32-33
3.2.5
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM PROCESSING
33
3.3
PROCESS OF PREPARING PROJECT FOR PCB CIRCUIT
34
3.3.1
PREPARATION OF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS
34
3.3.2
ETCHING PROCESS
34-37
3.3.3
DRILL PROCESS
37-39
3.3.4
CIRCUIT TRACING
40
3.3.5
SOLDERING PROCESS
41-42
3.3.5.1 SOLDERING METHOD
42
3.3.5.2 SECURITY MEASURES DURING THE
43
SOLDERING
xi
3.3.6
3.4
3.3.5.3 REMOVE THE COMPONENT LEGS STEP
43
TEST CIRCUIT
44
PROCESS OF PREPARING PROJECT FOR STRUCTURE
44
AND MECHANICAL WORK
3.4.1
CONSTRUCT THE BODY STRUCTURE
44-48
OF SECURE WATER FILTER
IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
50
4.1
INTRODUCTION
50-51
4.2
TESTING AND OUTPUT RESULT
51
4.2.1
51-52
HARDWARE AND PROTOTYPE OF
SECURE WATER FILTER
4.2.2
TESTING THE CIRCUIT
52
4.2.2.1 COUNTER CIRCUIT
52-53
4.2.2.2 HIGH AND LOW WATER
53-54
LEVEL SENSOR CIRCUIT
4.2.3
SIMULATION CIRCUIT
55
4.2.3.1 COUNTER CIRCUIT
55-56
4.2.3.2 HIGH AND LOW WATER
56-57
LEVEL SENSOR CIRCUIT
4.2.4
ETCHING AND SOLDERING PROCESS
57-58
4.2.5
WATER SENSOR PAD DESIGN
59
4.3
COUNTER CIRCUIT WHEN COUNTING THE CUPS
59-61
4.4
HIGH AND LOW WATER LEVEL SENSOR CIRCUIT
62-65
OPERATION
V
4.5
PROTOTYPE OF SECURE WATER FILTER
65-67
4.6
DISCUSSIONS
68-69
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
70
5.1
INTRODUCTION
70
5.2
CONCLUSION
71-72
5.3
ACHIEVEMENTS
72
5.4
RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE
73-76
IMPROVEMENTS AND INNOVATIONS
xii
REFERENCES
77
APPENDIX A
78
APPENDIX B
79
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
NO
3.5.1
TITLE
List of electronic components
PAGE
49
xiv
LIST OF FIGURES
NO
TITLE
PAGES
1.5.1
Flow chart of the Secure Water Filter
6
1.5.2
Project Preparation Flow Chart
7
2.2.1.1
Filter Cartridge and its layers
13
2.2.2.1
Solenoid Valve
14
2.2.2.2
Gear Motor
14
2.2.2.3
Hydraulic Pump
14
2.3.1.1
Water Filter/Water Purification
15
2.3.2.1
Shows a Relay
17
2.3.3.1
Shows a 7 segment
19
2.3.3.2
Shows a 7 segment mechanical attributes
20
2.3.4.1
Shows a water pad detector
20
2.3.5.1
Shows a pin of PIC16F877A
22
2.3.6
Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
23
2.3.7.1
Buzzer
24
2.4.1.1
Proteus Design Suite
25
2.4.2.1
Counter Circuit with PIC Microcontroller
26
3.2.1.1
Flow Chart for part 1
28
3.2.2.1
Flow Chart for part 2
30
3.2.3.1
Flow Chart 3
31
3.2.4.1
Block diagram of water processing
32
3.2.4.2
Block diagram of system processing
33
3.3.2.1
Protection layer was removed from PCB board
34
3.3.2.2
Placing board with PCB layout in UV machine
35
3.3.2.3
Supplying UV light
35
xv
3.3.2.4
Immersing the board in the developer liquid
36
3.3.2.5
Rinsing board with water
36
3.3.2.6
Placing board into conveyer spray processor
37
3.3.3.1
Drilling process by using drill machine
38
3.3.3.2
Drilling the PCB by using manual drill
38
3.3.3.3
The hole to place the component (bottom side)
39
3.3.3.4
The hole to place components (top side)
39
3.3.4.1
Circuit tracing process to checking the condition
40
of the line circuit
3.3.5.1
Soldering process technique
41
3.3.5.2
The connection of wire during soldering process
41
3.3.5.3
The condition of circuit after soldering process
41
3.3.5.1.1
Soldering iron
42
3.4.1.1
The aluminium structure
45
3.4.1.2
The body structure with the plywood
45
3.4.1.3
Measuring tape is used to measure the parameter
46
of the measurements
3.4.1.4
The hold which made for holding the water dispenser
46
3.4.1.5
Drilling process by using drill machine
47
3.4.1.6
Shellac process to protect the plywood
47
3.4.1.7
Drying process after shellac process
48
3.4.1.8
The condition of the secure water filter after
48
finish structure process
4.2.1.1
Design the hardware of water filter
51
4.2.1.2
The structure of combination of water filter and
52
water dispenser
4.2.2.1.1
Connection of the counter circuit
52
4.2.2.2.1
The connection of the circuit
53
4.2.2.2.2
High and Low Water level Sensor
54
4.2.3.1.1
The connection of the counter circuit between
55
the 7 segment display and the PIC by using ISIS software
4.2.3.2.1
The connection of the high and low water level
Sensor which use to detect the leaking of water
by using ISIS software
56
xvi
4.2.3.2.2
The connection of high and low water level
57
sensor circuit by using ARES software
4.2.4.1
The condition of circuit after etching and
57
drilled process for component pins
4.2.4.2
The condition of circuit after soldering process
58
4.2.5.1
The water sensor pad design
59
4.3.0.1
The counter circuit start count from ‘0’
59
4.3.0.2
The display show number 5
60
during counting process
4.3.0.3
The display show number 10
60
during counting process
4.3.0.4
The display show number 15
60
during counting process
4.3.0.5
The counter circuit end at ‘20’
61
4.4.1
The low water level sensor pad
62
4.4.2
High and Low water level sensor pad
62
in good condition
4.4.3
Warning light OFF indicate the system is normal
63
4.4.4
Buzzer as the second indicator
64
4.4.5
High and Low water level sensor in unsafe condition
64
4.4.6
The LED as warning indicator is turn ON
65
4.5.1
Secure Water Filter front view
65
4.5.2
Secure Water Filter left view
66
4.5.3
Secure Water Filter back view
66
4.5.4
Secure Water Filter right view
67
4.5.5
Complete of Development of Secure Water Filter
67
5.4.1
Example of the automatic control water valve
73
for the washing machine system
5.4.2
Automatic water shut-down system
74
5.4.3
The solenoid dispenser (24V DC)
74
5.4.4
The automatic water outlet valve
75
5.4.5
Example of the latest technology
76
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background Project
Today, there are various types of machine and product was designed to
facilitate the daily work. Either the equipment is a water dispensers and also water
filter. With the existence of present product, a new idea with innovative
planning to improve the product that is present in this market. Finally, one of the
products was chosen from the ideas to produce a product of a combination of a water
filter and water dispensers which produced with secure system to protect the system
of product. So, the name of product is ‘Development of Secure Water Filter’.
1
2
Therefore, this product will make three types of production water that have a
different taps of water such as hot water, warm water and normal water.
Unlike product that is present in market that only produce cold water and hot
water especially for water dispensers. With this product that will produce later,
it starts by including water from pipe that are used as water sources which
that connected directly to filter and consequently enter major tank. The water level
inside the major tank will be controlled by the using the mechanical system which
are called as float system. It contains clear and clean water before consumers use this
water. Water from major tank that clean go to that has been divided into three small
water tanks to produce the water in different temperatures. At the major tank were
consists of 2 types of sensors which are functionally as the security system where are
used to detect the leaking or overflow of the water. The circuit will be connected to
prevent the electrical and electronic circuit from any damage that are caused by the
water.
From water release, this product is use three types of water valve that were
functioning to release the water when the consumers push one of the valves. The
valves of water outlet are connected with the tank itself such as is a valve for hot
water as connected with the hot tank. In addition, this project also developed with the
system of cup counting which is operation to detect a number of cup available in this
system. The cups will be provided by the person in-charge (vendors) or any
consumers which can be used to take the water production. ‘Secure Water Filter’ this
designed especially for consumers as use at home, workers in office that like to drink
with ways that is safe and simplest. Through produce hot water, all users can make
drink like coffee, tea and other drink easily.
1.2
Project Objectives
The objectives of this project are covered such as
Develop safety system of water filter system to extend the life of the product
To produce clean water and lastly.
2
3
To develop circuit that can determines the number of cups available inside
the system.
1.3
Problem Statement
As the time moves the life style of the person has completely changed and
there is no time for the people to have micro management of every issue personally.
So, this is the right time to provide some space to the new technology into the live
monitoring the issues which are requires the new technology development to make
the life mores easier. In the market place, a lot of types of water dispenser and water
filter have been sold in the marketing with the different design and structure. Each
design was constructed by the company to fulfil the customer’s requirements and
beside follow the characteristics or criteria which are appointed by the Ministry of
Health Malaysia and Ministry of Commerce and Customers Affairs Malaysia
especially for water filter. Water Filter must be able to produce clean and safe water
which can be drink by the human without effect the health of the human and also
must be approved by SIRIM.
From a normal water filter system which is connected directly from the water
source or water piping, user can’t pick the temperature water that user want because
it only produce the normal temperature of water which are filtered by the
specification filter and from water dispenser user can see that it is hard for the
consumer to refill the water in the tank, it is waste of energy and hard to the old
generation to do by itself. Besides that, consumers also just waste the money to buy a
lot of water bottle from the vendors and need time to waiting the stock of water from
the suppliers. So from the lack of use, user has come up with an idea to combine the
two items in to one. Besides that, this project was added with some circuit to make it
more safety and protected. The circuits are used to detect the leaking of water or
overflow of water from the tank and will be indicate or warning the consumers about
the problem of the system. The safety system was provided to protect the electrical
and electronics devices from any damages caused by the water.
3
4
The high level water circuit and low level water circuit which are operation as
the safety circuit contains of the sensors pad as function to detect the water leaking.
This sensor will be detect if any leaking out from the tank and once the water
leaking, the buzzer and LED as the indicators will turn ON and tell that there are
something wrong with the system. In addition, from the water filter dispenser, user
must bring the own cup for drinking. So these problems make the user to find the cup
first before drink. In this project was provided the cups space which is develop with
the circuit or system that can count the number of cup available. With the system, the
user can know the total cups available at the 7 segment display and can be add the
polystyrene or plastics cups into the space provided.
1.4
Scope of Project
In order to achieve the objectives of this project, scope of work had been
divided into two parts which is software and hardware. The hardware work was
covered with mechanical work, electrical work and electronic work which are
combines together to design the product successfully. In electronics work, before the
fabricating process, the circuit that had been designed will be simulating using the
suitable software. In this project, Proteus 7 Professional software, Multisim Software
and Live-Wire software had been used to simulate the circuit that has been designed
and also can be used extensively in a hardware design. For the hardware part, the
circuit designed will go through the fabrication process and make sure the connection
between the components must be correct.
Next for the mechanical part, the structure of the project must be designed
first with the correct measurements including the height, length and width of the
body structure. The body must be stable to accommodate the weight of the water and
not easy to rusty. The condition of the structure must be sharp and suitable because
must able to stand for the water filter, water tank and circuit space. In hardware part,
the design will be constructed with using the aluminium structure. The connection of
piping must be tidy and must be not leaking out because it can effects the conditions
of the system to operate. In electrical work, the power supply must be connected
4
5
correctly and not exposed to any damage especially water. The wiring of circuit must
be tidy and orderly to make sure the system is safe. The electrical wiring is provided
for the wiring of the heater which is used to boil the water for the hot water tank.
In this project, software is analyzed using assembly to assemble 7 segment
displays and sensor. The suitable coding was analyzed to be burned in Peripheral
Interface Controller (PIC) by using the LD-micro software. The sensor and 7
segment displays were analyzed according to functionality of this project. Lastly, the
scope of the project also must be covered by the following:
•
Water source will be processed and divided into three small tanks to store
water temperature in normal water, warm water and hot water.
•
Water was filtered by anti-dust filter and anti-chlorine filter before supplied
into the major tank water.
•
Water can refill automatically into the major tank by using the float system as
the mechanical concept.
•
If water at major tank empty or overflow the sensor pad will be detect, so the
buzzer and LED on. This system is used as the secure system to indicate the
consumers about the danger and problem of the products, thus the operation
of the product must be turns off immediately.
•
1.5
Count the cup which are available that is able to be used from 0 to 20
Project Methodology
This project methodology was discusses the methodology used to ensure the
project in a smooth and orderly manner, the methodology of the project is important.
The project runs smoothly and it explains through the flow chart. In the flow chart,
the work can be done by the right move. Connection can be made with care based on
the materials used. There are some parts to complete the design efficiently and more
stable. The flow chart will conduct how to manage and arrange the fully operation of
the system which are more systematic and available to be used. The circuit condition
and mechanical condition can be determined by refer to the processes flow. The
5
6
prototype of the product also can be designed from the process besides easier to
detect the problem of the system quickly if any problem happened.
1.5.1
Flow Chart of Secure Water Filter
START
BUZZER ON
WATER
SOURCE
RED LED ON
WATER FILTER
HIGH & LOW LEVEL
WATER SENSOR
DETECTION
MAIN TANK
NO
WATER AT MAIN
TANK FULLY
YES
NORMAL WATER
WARM WATER
HOT WATER
GREEN LED
ON
WATER OUTPUT
STOP
Figure 1.5.1: Flow Chart of the Secure Water Filter
6
7
1.5.2
Project Preparation Flow Chart
START
SELECT SUITABLE TITLE
PROJECT
NO
APPROVER BY
SUPERVISOR
YES
DO PROPOSAL OF THE PROJECT
DETERMINE THE CODING BY USING LDmicro
DRAWING THE CIRCUIT USING LIVE
WIRE / PROTEUS 7 PROFESSIONAL
BUY THE COMPONENTS
ETCHING
SOLDER COMPONENTS ON PCB
BOARD
NO
TEST CIRCUIT
YES
CIRCUIT TRANSFER INTO APPAREL
MAKE THE CONNECTION OF
CIRCUIT
TEST EQUIPMENT
END
Figure 1.5.2: Project Preparation Flow Chart
7
8
The preparation flow chart is summarized about the flow of the progressing
project. Firstly, the information about the Secure Water Filter system is searching
and collected to analyse the problem statements which are facing the current product
before do the confirmation to select the title of the project. After received the
approved form the supervisor, the proposal of the project must be prepared to
determine the problem and development to implement the project clearly. After the
analysis has done, the hardware component and software has been selected. Then, the
related circuit that can assemble in well and the construction of the coding by using
the specific software can be finished. Furthermore, the hardware and software are
built must be tested. Find the source of error and finally is to solve problem.
1.6
Report Structure
This report will cover five chapters. The first chapter will be the background,
introduction, problem statement, objective and scope of work. Literature review is
discussed in Chapter II while for Chapter III, the project methodology is discussed.
Chapter IV will cover on hardware and software implementation and last but not
least the conclusions and suggestions are respectively covered in Chapter V. To
obtain a successful project, there are several chapters that need to view and study
nicely. The following are the main chapters and it is short descriptions.
Chapter I
: Study the objective and scope of work on the project.
Chapter II
: Literature review about Secure Water Filter.
Chapter III
: Project methodology includes the planning, the development of the
design
and the management of the project.
Chapter IV
: Hardware and Software implementation.
Chapter V
: conclusions and suggestion on the project.
Dividing the project into various chapter is to ensure the project to work in a
systematic and structural way such that the project able to be implemented smoothly.
8