2
“ifthepurposeisto maximizeinformation,thensampling
isterminatedwhenno newinformation isforth comingfromnewlysamplesunits; thusredundancyisthe
primarycriterion”. Sugiyono 2009:301-302.
3.3. LocationandTimeof Observation
TheobservationislocatedinareaofFaculty ofCulturalStudiesof SumateraUtara, JalanUniversitasNo.19 Medan.Thetakendatafrom20students who
made textfree essay. Theobservation isheld on October – December 2014.
3.4. Data Collecting Method
Since the research is adescriptive qualitative research, the main instrumentofthisresearchisthewriterherselfasthekey humaninstrument.
QuotedfromSugiono2009:306,LincolnandGuba1986say “theinstrument
ofchoiceinnaturalisticinquiry isthehuman”.Itwillbeseenthatotherformsof
instrumentationmay beusedinlaterphrasesoftheinquiry,butthehumanisthe initialandcontinuingmainstay.Therefore,thewriteraskey-humaninstrument
hasfunction todecidethefocusofresearch,choosing thesamples, collecting the data, analyzingthedata, and makinga conclusion of theresearch’sresult.
Azwar 1997:36 says, “Data penelitian dikumpulkan baik lewat instrumentpengumpulandata,observasi, maupunlewatdatadokumentasi.Data yang
dikumpulkan mungkin berupa data primer, data sekunder, ataupun keduanya.”
30
Itmeansthatthedataforresearchcan becollectedfrombothresearch instruments,observation,anddocuments.
Indoing research,datacanbedivided intotwo;primaryand secondarydata. Primarydata isdata thatdirectlytaken from
theobservation time. Whereas secondarydata isdata that taken fromdocumnetary ofthesample.Inthisthesis,
thewriteruseoneofthreewaysincollecting data. Observationisget to theprimarydata.
Spardley1980andSugiyono2009:315saythattherearethreesteps of observation, theyare:
a. Descriptive observation; in this step, the writer do a general and completeexploration, describeall thewriter see, listen, and feel. This
observation usuallycalled grand tour observation. b. Focusedobservation;usuallycalledminitourobservation,itmeans
thisobservation islimitedto focuson certain aspects. c. Selectedobservation;in this step, thewriter explain thefocus thathas
found, so thedatawilbe morespecific. Inqualitativeresearch,collecting datadoneinnaturasetting,primary
sourcedata,anddatacollecting techniqueismoredonethroughparticipant
obseravation. Sugiyono 2009:309
3.5. Data Analyzing Method
Inthisanalysis,Descriptivequalitativemethodisappliedtoanalyzethe data.Indescriptiveresearch,thedatatabulation isbasedonanalyzing percentage and
trend analysis.
