A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON JOSEPH JACOBS’ BEAUTY AND THE BEAST: A STUDY ON LOYALTY OF BELLE AS THE MAIN CHARACTER
A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON JOSEPH JACOBS’
BEAUTY AND THE BEAST: A STUDY ON LOYALTY OF BELLE AS
THE MAIN CHARACTER
THESIS
Written by:
Arimbi Nia Dirga Yulian Pratiwi
NIM 080110191047
ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS
UNIVERSITY OF JEMBER
2014
A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON JOSEPH JACOBS’
BEAUTY AND THE BEAST: A STUDY ON LOYALTY OF
BELLE AS THE MAIN CHARACTER
THESIS
A thesis presented to the English Department,
Faculty of Letters, Jember University,
as one of the requirements to obtain
the Award of Sarjana Sastra Degree
in English Studies
Written by:
Arimbi Nia Dirga Yulian Pratiwi
NIM 080110191047
ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS
UNIVERSITY OF JEMBER
2014
ii
DEDICATION
In the sincerity of my heart, I dedicate my thesis to:
1. My beloved father Sutaji and my beloved mother Nurhayati. I thank them for
their unwavering love, affection and everything devoted to me.
2. My beloved husband, Indra Kusuma Aryanto S.IIP, for your prayer, endless
support, strong struggle and wholehearted love.
3. My dear son, Muhammad Iyas Kusuma Putra, for coloring my life with your
smile. I promise you to be a good mom.
4. My beloved parents in law, H. Supriyanto, M.Pd and Hj. Siti Masrukin S.Pd
for their endless prayers, affection and supports.
5. My dearest sister, Priyanka Tri Mastuti and brothers, Ilham Brammasta,
Mahendra Febriyan Syah Putra, and Rachel Aditya Putra, thanks for your
love, prayers, and everything.
6. To all my lecturers, especially for Dady, thank you for giving me motivation.
7. All my best friends in Luph Ukhuwah, Salsabila, Al- Izzah and Al- Bana.
8. All of my friends in Faculty of Letters academic year of 2008
9. My Alma Mater
iii
MOTTO
Unity is strength... when there is teamwork and collaboration, wonderful things
can be achieved.
iv
DECLARATION
I hereby state that the thesis entitled ‘A Discourse Analysis on Joseph Jacob’s
Beauty and the Beast: A Study on Loyalty of Belle as the Main Character’ is an
original piece of writing. I certify that the analysis and the research described in this
thesis have never been submitted for any other degree or any publications. I certainly
certify to the best of my knowledge that all sources used and any help received in the
preparation of this thesis have been acknowledged.
Jember, 16th July 2014
The Candidate
Arimbi Nia Dirga Yulian Pratiwi
080110191047
v
APPROVAL SHEET
Approved and received by the examination committee of the English Department,
Faculty of Letters, Jember University.
Day : Wednesday
Date : 25th June 2014
Place : Faculty of Letters, Jember University.
Jember, 25th June 2014
Secretary
Chairman
Indah Wahyuningsih S.S., M.A.
Albert Tallapessy, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 196801142000122001
NIP. 196304111988021001
The Members:
(…………………………)
1. Prof. Dr. Samudji, M.A.
NIP. 194808161976031002
(…………………………)
2. Sabta Diana, S.S., M.A.
NIP. 197509192006042001
Approved by the Dean,
Dr. Hairus Salikin, M.Ed
NIP. 196310151989021001
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praise to Allah the almighty, the Lord of the universe. I am grateful as
with His gracious help, I can finish the thesis well. I am sure without His
mercies, it is hard for me to carry out this writing. The thesis has been completed
with the involvement and assistance of many people. Thus, at this best time, I
would like to dedicate my deepest appreciation to:
1. Dr. Hairus Salikin, M.Ed, the Dean of Faculty of Letters, Jember University.
2. Drs. Albert Tallapessy, M.A., PhD and Indah Wahyuningsih S.S., M.A., my
advisors , who gave me their intellectual inspiration and adviced
me in
writing this thesis.
3. All the lecturers of English Department who have taught me the precious
knowledge during my study.
4. All of librarians of central library and Faculty of Letters’ library for serving
me in borrowing books.
Jember, 16th July 2014
Arimbi Nia Dirga Yulian Pratiwi
vii
SUMMARY
A Discourse Analysis on Joseph Jacobs’ Beauty and The Beast: A Study
on Loyalty of Belle as the Main Character; Arimbi Nia Dirga Yulian Pratiwi,
080110191047; 2014; The English Department, The Faculty of Letters, Jember
University.
The objective of this study is to know the loyalty of the main character, Belle,
in a short story Beauty and the Beast. The short story Beauty and the Beast is one of
written languages especially narrative text based on generic structure of storytelling.
Generic structure of Beauty and the Beast consists of orientation, complication,
evaluation, and resolution that are displayed by the grammatical and lexical items. It
is found that the grammatical cohesive devices consist of reference (283 items),
conjunction (69 items), ellipsis (4 items) and substitutions (3 items). On the other
hands, the lexical cohesive devices are dominated by repetition (208 items) that show
the same lexical item. Other lexical cohesive devices are applied in Beauty and the
Beast as synonym (196 items), Antonym (70 items), Co-meronym (6 items),
Collocation (36 items), Meronym (14 items), hyponym (4 items) and co-hyponym
(14 items).
The nature of this study is statistical, descriptive, and interpretative. Those
methods of analysis are applied on quantitative and qualitative data through the
technique of documentary study as the method of collecting data. Next, the data are
divided into four parts based on the generic structure and from each part, the
samples are acquired. The finding of this thesis exposes that Belle in this short story
represents her loyalty with her expression and her behavior. The analysis is integrated
viii
in cohesive device. It can prove the establishment of Belle’s loyalty and build the
semantic relation using word by word that has meaning.
Keyword: Loyalty, Cohesive devices, Texture, Context.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
FRONTISPIECES ...........................................................................................
i
DEDICATION ................................................................................................. ii
MOTTO ........................................................................................................... iii
DECLARATION ............................................................................................. iv
APPROVAL SHEET .......................................................................................
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... vi
SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. ix
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................... xii
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................. xv
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................
1
1.1 The Background of the Study .....................................................
1
1.2 The Problems of the Study .........................................................
2
1.3 The Research Question ..............................................................
2
1.4 The Scope of the Study .............................................................
3
1.5 The Goals of the Study...............................................................
5
1.6 The Significance of the Study ....................................................
5
x
1.6 The organization of The Thesis ..................................................
5
CHAPTER 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .........................................
7
2.1 Previous Research ....................................................................
7
2.2 Loyalty ....................................................................................
9
2.3 Context .................................................................................... 10
2.4 Text ......................................................................................... 10
2.5 Discourse ................................................................................. 11
2.6 Genre ....................................................................................... 11
2.7 Texture .................................................................................... 12
2.8 Coherence ................................................................................ 13
2.9 Cohesion .................................................................................. 13
2.10 Cohesive Device ...................................................................... 14
2.10.1 The Grammatical Cohesion ..................................... 15
2.10.1.1 Reference .................................................... 16
2.10.1.2 Substitution ................................................. 18
2.10.1.3 Ellipsis ........................................................ 20
2.10.1.4 Conjunction ................................................. 21
2.10.2 The lexical Cohesion ............................................... 22
2.10.2.1 Repetition .................................................... 22
2.10.2.2 Synonym ..................................................... 23
2.10.2.3 Antonym ..................................................... 23
2.10.2.4 Hyponym .................................................... 23
2.10.2.5 Cohyponym ................................................. 24
xi
2.10.2.6 Meronym ..................................................... 24
2.10.2.7 Comeronym ................................................. 24
2.10.2.8 Collocation ................................................. 25
CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................... 27
3.1 Type of Research ....................................................................... 27
3.2 Type of Data .............................................................................. 27
3.3 Method of Collecting Data ......................................................... 28
3.4 The Procedure and Data Analysis ............................................... 28
CHAPTER 4. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ............................................. 30
4.1 The Character of Belle as the Main Character ........................... 30
4.2 The Loyalty of Belle as the Main Character .............................. 35
4.3 The Generic Structure of Beauty and the Beast .......................... 37
4.4 The Chain Interaction on Orientation of Beauty and the Beast ... 38
4.5 The Chain Interaction on Complication of Beauty and the Beast 45
4.6 The Chain Interaction on Evaluation of Beauty and the Beast ... 51
4.7 The Chain Interaction on Resolution of Beauty and the Beast ... 56
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION ........................................................................ 62
REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 65
APPENDICES .................................................................................................. 66
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
1.1 The Framework of the Analysis ..............................................................
4
2.1 The Cohesive Devices in English ……………………………….. ...........
15
4.1 The Interaction Diagram on the Orientation of Beauty and the Beast ....
I
4.2 The Interaction Diagram on the Complication of Beauty and the Beast .
II
4.3 The Interaction Diagram on the Evaluation of Beauty and the Beast .....
III
4.4 The Interaction Diagram on the Resolution of Beauty and the Beast .....
IV
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Page
4.4.1
The number of grammatical cohesive device on the orientation .............. 38
4.4.2
The number of lexical cohesive devices on the orientation ..................... 40
4.4.3
The number of total token, relevant token and peripheral token
on the orientation ................................................................................... 40
4.4.4
Cohesive chain in the orientation ........................................................... 41
4.4.5
Arrow marked in the orientation............................................................. 42
4.4.6
The central token as percentage of the total token on the orientation ...... 43
4.4.1.1 The description of Beauty and the Beast on the orientation ..................... 44
4.5.1 The number of grammatical cohesive device on the complication ........... 45
4.5.2 The number of lexical cohesive devices on the complication .................. 46
4.5.3 The number of total token, relevant token and peripheral token on the
46complication ....................................................................................... 46
4.5.4 Cohesive chain in the complication ......................................................... 47
4.5.5 Arrow marked in the complication .......................................................... 48
4.5.6 The central token as percentage of the total token on the complication.... 49
4.5.1.1 The description of Beauty and the Beast on the complication ................. 49
4.6.1 The number of grammatical cohesive device on the evaluation ............... 51
4.6.2 The number of lexical cohesive devices on the evaluation ...................... 52
4.6.3 The number of total token, relevant token and peripheral token
on the evaluation .................................................................................... 53
4.6.4 Cohesive chain in the evaluation ............................................................. 53
xiv
4.6.5 Arrow marked in the evaluation .............................................................. 54
4.6.6 The central token as percentage of the total token on the evaluation........ 55
4.6.1.1 The description of Beauty and the Beast on the evaluation...................... 55
4.7.1 The number of grammatical cohesive device on the resolution................ 56
4.7.2 The number of lexical cohesive devices on the resolution ....................... 57
4.7.3 The number of total token, relevant token and peripheral token
on the resolution ..................................................................................... 58
4.7.4 Cohesive chain in the resolution ............................................................. 58
4.7.5 Arrow marked in the resolution .............................................................. 59
4.7.6 The central token as percentage of the total token on the resolution ........ 60
4.7.1.1 The description of Beauty and the Beast on the resolution ...................... 60
5.1
The central token as the percentage of total tokens on every part
of generic structure in Beauty and the Beast ........................................... 63
xv
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
Appendix 1. A Grammatical Cohesion Analysis of Beauty and the Beast ..........
66
Appendix 2. The Lexical Cohesion Analysis of Beauty and the Beast ................ 113
Appendix 3 Beauty and the Beast (A Short Story) ............................................. 114
xvi
BEAUTY AND THE BEAST: A STUDY ON LOYALTY OF BELLE AS
THE MAIN CHARACTER
THESIS
Written by:
Arimbi Nia Dirga Yulian Pratiwi
NIM 080110191047
ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS
UNIVERSITY OF JEMBER
2014
A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON JOSEPH JACOBS’
BEAUTY AND THE BEAST: A STUDY ON LOYALTY OF
BELLE AS THE MAIN CHARACTER
THESIS
A thesis presented to the English Department,
Faculty of Letters, Jember University,
as one of the requirements to obtain
the Award of Sarjana Sastra Degree
in English Studies
Written by:
Arimbi Nia Dirga Yulian Pratiwi
NIM 080110191047
ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS
UNIVERSITY OF JEMBER
2014
ii
DEDICATION
In the sincerity of my heart, I dedicate my thesis to:
1. My beloved father Sutaji and my beloved mother Nurhayati. I thank them for
their unwavering love, affection and everything devoted to me.
2. My beloved husband, Indra Kusuma Aryanto S.IIP, for your prayer, endless
support, strong struggle and wholehearted love.
3. My dear son, Muhammad Iyas Kusuma Putra, for coloring my life with your
smile. I promise you to be a good mom.
4. My beloved parents in law, H. Supriyanto, M.Pd and Hj. Siti Masrukin S.Pd
for their endless prayers, affection and supports.
5. My dearest sister, Priyanka Tri Mastuti and brothers, Ilham Brammasta,
Mahendra Febriyan Syah Putra, and Rachel Aditya Putra, thanks for your
love, prayers, and everything.
6. To all my lecturers, especially for Dady, thank you for giving me motivation.
7. All my best friends in Luph Ukhuwah, Salsabila, Al- Izzah and Al- Bana.
8. All of my friends in Faculty of Letters academic year of 2008
9. My Alma Mater
iii
MOTTO
Unity is strength... when there is teamwork and collaboration, wonderful things
can be achieved.
iv
DECLARATION
I hereby state that the thesis entitled ‘A Discourse Analysis on Joseph Jacob’s
Beauty and the Beast: A Study on Loyalty of Belle as the Main Character’ is an
original piece of writing. I certify that the analysis and the research described in this
thesis have never been submitted for any other degree or any publications. I certainly
certify to the best of my knowledge that all sources used and any help received in the
preparation of this thesis have been acknowledged.
Jember, 16th July 2014
The Candidate
Arimbi Nia Dirga Yulian Pratiwi
080110191047
v
APPROVAL SHEET
Approved and received by the examination committee of the English Department,
Faculty of Letters, Jember University.
Day : Wednesday
Date : 25th June 2014
Place : Faculty of Letters, Jember University.
Jember, 25th June 2014
Secretary
Chairman
Indah Wahyuningsih S.S., M.A.
Albert Tallapessy, M.A., Ph.D
NIP. 196801142000122001
NIP. 196304111988021001
The Members:
(…………………………)
1. Prof. Dr. Samudji, M.A.
NIP. 194808161976031002
(…………………………)
2. Sabta Diana, S.S., M.A.
NIP. 197509192006042001
Approved by the Dean,
Dr. Hairus Salikin, M.Ed
NIP. 196310151989021001
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praise to Allah the almighty, the Lord of the universe. I am grateful as
with His gracious help, I can finish the thesis well. I am sure without His
mercies, it is hard for me to carry out this writing. The thesis has been completed
with the involvement and assistance of many people. Thus, at this best time, I
would like to dedicate my deepest appreciation to:
1. Dr. Hairus Salikin, M.Ed, the Dean of Faculty of Letters, Jember University.
2. Drs. Albert Tallapessy, M.A., PhD and Indah Wahyuningsih S.S., M.A., my
advisors , who gave me their intellectual inspiration and adviced
me in
writing this thesis.
3. All the lecturers of English Department who have taught me the precious
knowledge during my study.
4. All of librarians of central library and Faculty of Letters’ library for serving
me in borrowing books.
Jember, 16th July 2014
Arimbi Nia Dirga Yulian Pratiwi
vii
SUMMARY
A Discourse Analysis on Joseph Jacobs’ Beauty and The Beast: A Study
on Loyalty of Belle as the Main Character; Arimbi Nia Dirga Yulian Pratiwi,
080110191047; 2014; The English Department, The Faculty of Letters, Jember
University.
The objective of this study is to know the loyalty of the main character, Belle,
in a short story Beauty and the Beast. The short story Beauty and the Beast is one of
written languages especially narrative text based on generic structure of storytelling.
Generic structure of Beauty and the Beast consists of orientation, complication,
evaluation, and resolution that are displayed by the grammatical and lexical items. It
is found that the grammatical cohesive devices consist of reference (283 items),
conjunction (69 items), ellipsis (4 items) and substitutions (3 items). On the other
hands, the lexical cohesive devices are dominated by repetition (208 items) that show
the same lexical item. Other lexical cohesive devices are applied in Beauty and the
Beast as synonym (196 items), Antonym (70 items), Co-meronym (6 items),
Collocation (36 items), Meronym (14 items), hyponym (4 items) and co-hyponym
(14 items).
The nature of this study is statistical, descriptive, and interpretative. Those
methods of analysis are applied on quantitative and qualitative data through the
technique of documentary study as the method of collecting data. Next, the data are
divided into four parts based on the generic structure and from each part, the
samples are acquired. The finding of this thesis exposes that Belle in this short story
represents her loyalty with her expression and her behavior. The analysis is integrated
viii
in cohesive device. It can prove the establishment of Belle’s loyalty and build the
semantic relation using word by word that has meaning.
Keyword: Loyalty, Cohesive devices, Texture, Context.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
FRONTISPIECES ...........................................................................................
i
DEDICATION ................................................................................................. ii
MOTTO ........................................................................................................... iii
DECLARATION ............................................................................................. iv
APPROVAL SHEET .......................................................................................
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... vi
SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. ix
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................... xii
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... xiii
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................. xv
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................
1
1.1 The Background of the Study .....................................................
1
1.2 The Problems of the Study .........................................................
2
1.3 The Research Question ..............................................................
2
1.4 The Scope of the Study .............................................................
3
1.5 The Goals of the Study...............................................................
5
1.6 The Significance of the Study ....................................................
5
x
1.6 The organization of The Thesis ..................................................
5
CHAPTER 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .........................................
7
2.1 Previous Research ....................................................................
7
2.2 Loyalty ....................................................................................
9
2.3 Context .................................................................................... 10
2.4 Text ......................................................................................... 10
2.5 Discourse ................................................................................. 11
2.6 Genre ....................................................................................... 11
2.7 Texture .................................................................................... 12
2.8 Coherence ................................................................................ 13
2.9 Cohesion .................................................................................. 13
2.10 Cohesive Device ...................................................................... 14
2.10.1 The Grammatical Cohesion ..................................... 15
2.10.1.1 Reference .................................................... 16
2.10.1.2 Substitution ................................................. 18
2.10.1.3 Ellipsis ........................................................ 20
2.10.1.4 Conjunction ................................................. 21
2.10.2 The lexical Cohesion ............................................... 22
2.10.2.1 Repetition .................................................... 22
2.10.2.2 Synonym ..................................................... 23
2.10.2.3 Antonym ..................................................... 23
2.10.2.4 Hyponym .................................................... 23
2.10.2.5 Cohyponym ................................................. 24
xi
2.10.2.6 Meronym ..................................................... 24
2.10.2.7 Comeronym ................................................. 24
2.10.2.8 Collocation ................................................. 25
CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................... 27
3.1 Type of Research ....................................................................... 27
3.2 Type of Data .............................................................................. 27
3.3 Method of Collecting Data ......................................................... 28
3.4 The Procedure and Data Analysis ............................................... 28
CHAPTER 4. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ............................................. 30
4.1 The Character of Belle as the Main Character ........................... 30
4.2 The Loyalty of Belle as the Main Character .............................. 35
4.3 The Generic Structure of Beauty and the Beast .......................... 37
4.4 The Chain Interaction on Orientation of Beauty and the Beast ... 38
4.5 The Chain Interaction on Complication of Beauty and the Beast 45
4.6 The Chain Interaction on Evaluation of Beauty and the Beast ... 51
4.7 The Chain Interaction on Resolution of Beauty and the Beast ... 56
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION ........................................................................ 62
REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 65
APPENDICES .................................................................................................. 66
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
1.1 The Framework of the Analysis ..............................................................
4
2.1 The Cohesive Devices in English ……………………………….. ...........
15
4.1 The Interaction Diagram on the Orientation of Beauty and the Beast ....
I
4.2 The Interaction Diagram on the Complication of Beauty and the Beast .
II
4.3 The Interaction Diagram on the Evaluation of Beauty and the Beast .....
III
4.4 The Interaction Diagram on the Resolution of Beauty and the Beast .....
IV
xiii
LIST OF TABLES
Page
4.4.1
The number of grammatical cohesive device on the orientation .............. 38
4.4.2
The number of lexical cohesive devices on the orientation ..................... 40
4.4.3
The number of total token, relevant token and peripheral token
on the orientation ................................................................................... 40
4.4.4
Cohesive chain in the orientation ........................................................... 41
4.4.5
Arrow marked in the orientation............................................................. 42
4.4.6
The central token as percentage of the total token on the orientation ...... 43
4.4.1.1 The description of Beauty and the Beast on the orientation ..................... 44
4.5.1 The number of grammatical cohesive device on the complication ........... 45
4.5.2 The number of lexical cohesive devices on the complication .................. 46
4.5.3 The number of total token, relevant token and peripheral token on the
46complication ....................................................................................... 46
4.5.4 Cohesive chain in the complication ......................................................... 47
4.5.5 Arrow marked in the complication .......................................................... 48
4.5.6 The central token as percentage of the total token on the complication.... 49
4.5.1.1 The description of Beauty and the Beast on the complication ................. 49
4.6.1 The number of grammatical cohesive device on the evaluation ............... 51
4.6.2 The number of lexical cohesive devices on the evaluation ...................... 52
4.6.3 The number of total token, relevant token and peripheral token
on the evaluation .................................................................................... 53
4.6.4 Cohesive chain in the evaluation ............................................................. 53
xiv
4.6.5 Arrow marked in the evaluation .............................................................. 54
4.6.6 The central token as percentage of the total token on the evaluation........ 55
4.6.1.1 The description of Beauty and the Beast on the evaluation...................... 55
4.7.1 The number of grammatical cohesive device on the resolution................ 56
4.7.2 The number of lexical cohesive devices on the resolution ....................... 57
4.7.3 The number of total token, relevant token and peripheral token
on the resolution ..................................................................................... 58
4.7.4 Cohesive chain in the resolution ............................................................. 58
4.7.5 Arrow marked in the resolution .............................................................. 59
4.7.6 The central token as percentage of the total token on the resolution ........ 60
4.7.1.1 The description of Beauty and the Beast on the resolution ...................... 60
5.1
The central token as the percentage of total tokens on every part
of generic structure in Beauty and the Beast ........................................... 63
xv
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
Appendix 1. A Grammatical Cohesion Analysis of Beauty and the Beast ..........
66
Appendix 2. The Lexical Cohesion Analysis of Beauty and the Beast ................ 113
Appendix 3 Beauty and the Beast (A Short Story) ............................................. 114
xvi