Induksi Ovulasi dan Derajat Penetasan Telur Ikan Hike (Labeobarbus longipinnis) Dalam Penangkaran Menggunakan GnRH Analog
INDUKSI OVULASI DAN DERAJAT PENETASAN TELUR
IKAN HIKE (Labeobarbus longipinnis) DALAM PENANGKARAN
MENGGUNAKAN GnRH ANALOG
ERMA NAJMIYATI
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
BOGOR
2009
PERNYATAAN MENGENAI TESIS
DAN SUMBER INFORMASI
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa tesis “Induksi Ovulasi dan Derajat Penetasan
Telur Ikan Hike (Labeobarbus longipinnis) Dalam Penangkaran Menggunakan
GnRH Analog” adalah karya saya sendiri dan belum diajukan dalam bentuk apa pun
kepada perguruan tinggi mana pun. Sumber informasi yang berasal atau dikutip dari
karya yang diterbitkan maupun tidak diterbitkan dari penulis lain telah disebutkan
dalam teks dan dicantumkan dalam Daftar Pustaka di bagian akhir tesis ini.
Bogor, Februari 2009
Erma Najmiyati
NIM. B051050041
ABSTRACT
ERMA NAJMIYATI. Ovulation induction and egg hachtability of hike fish
(Labeobarbus longipinnis) with gonadothropin releasing hormone analogue
(GnRHa) in ex situ cnservation pond. Conducted by TUTY L. YUSUF and ETTY
RIANI.
Hike fish is an indigenous fish to Majalengka Regency, West Java, and their
natural habitat is water territory of Prabu Siliwangi, Pajajar Village, Rajagaluh
Subdistrict. The population of hike fishes has decreased due to the decreasing water
debit in their natural habitat. In the prelimanary study conducted by the author, Hike
fish was classified as Labeobarbus longipinnis, that has a flat and elongated body
shape with pattern of blackish color scales in mediolateral body. Male has a more
streamline body shape compared to female. It is observed that hike fishes live in
water territory in the forest area with clear, low temperature and high dissolved
oxygen water and they live in the bottom of stoney water. Regarding the ex situ
conservation by breeding was conducted by ovulation induction with gonadothropin
releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) to produce the best ovulation and best egg
quality to obtain optimum egg hatchability. The research was conducted in breeding
pond in Kumbung Village, Rajagaluh Subdistrict, Majalengka Regency in April August 2007 and February to June 2008. Females reaching post vitellogenic phase in
gonad development, were injected intramuscularly with GnRHa at the doses of 8, 10
or 12µg/kgBW. The research using Completely Randomized Design and the obtained
data were stastitically analyzed to find the effect of treatments and followed by
Tukey’s test if significant different between treatments were found. The results
indicated that the induction with GnRHa 8-12µg/kgBW resulted in the ovulation of
hike fish and the hatching of eggs to larvas, latent period of 18.75 - 33.5hours,
somatic gonad index of 10.34 – 12.14%, fecundity of 604 – 806eggs, egg diameter of
1.78 – 1.91mm, egg fertility of 44.0 – 83.0% and hatchability of 9.0 – 21.5%.
Treatment with GnRHa at 12µg/kgBW resulted in the best results, especially to latent
period and hatchabilty. Unsuccesful ovulation in females given with 8 or 10µg/kgBW
GnRHa were caused by follicle atresia due to too small doses of hormone and due to
the difference between water quality in the breeding habitat and in natural habitat,
especially in hardness and water turbidity. The low hatchability are correlated with
the COD increase during hatchability preparation in aquaria. It is suggested to
conduct research on induction ovulation using a higher doses of GnRHa to obtain its
optimum dose.
Keywords : conservation, hike fish (Labeobarbus longipinnis), ovulation induction,
egg hatchability, GnRHa.
RINGKASAN
ERMA NAJMIYATI. Induksi Ovulasi dan Derajat Penetasan Telur Ikan
Hike (Labeobarbus longipinnis) Dalam Penangkaran Menggunakan GnRH Analog.
Dibimbing oleh TUTY L. YUSUF dan ETTY RIANI.
Ikan hike merupakan ikan indigenous dari Kabupaten Majalengka, Jawa
Barat, tepatnya hidup di kawasan perairan Prabu Siliwangi, Desa Pajajar, Kecamatan
Rajagaluh. Populasi ikan hike telah mengalami penurunan yang diakibatkan oleh
perubahan habitat yaitu menurunnya debit air sehingga menyebabkan turunnya
ketinggian genangan air pada habitat alami tersebut. Penelitian pendahuluan yang
dilakukan oleh penulis mengungkapkan bahwa secara taksonomi ikan hike
teridentifikasi sebagai Labeobarbus longipinnis. Ikan hike memiliki bentuk tubuh
panjang dengan adanya pola sisik berwarna hitam pada bagian medio-lateral tubuh.
Karakterisasi habitat alami ikan hike adalah perairan dalam kawasan hutan, airnya
jernih berarus, bersuhu rendah, mengandung oksigen terlarut yang tinggi dan dasar
perairan berbatu.
Dalam rangka konservasi ikan hike secara eks situ melalui penangkaran,
telah dilakukan induksi ovulasi menggunakan gonadothropin releasing hormone
analogue (GnRHa). Penggunaan GnRHa bertujuan menghasilkan ovulasi serta
kualitas telur terbaik sehingga memberikan derajat penetasan telur yang optimum.
Penelitian dilakukan pada kolam penangkaran di Desa Kumbung, Kecamatan
Rajagaluh, Kabupaten Majalengka dari April-Agustus 2007 dan Pebruari-Juni 2008.
Perlakuan diberikan terhadap ikan hike betina yang telah memasuki fase
perkembangan gonad postvitelogenesis dengan injeksi GnRHa pada dosis 8, 10 atau
12 µg/kg berat badan secara intra muscular. Penelitian didesain dengan Rancangan
Acak Lengkap dan data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam untuk
mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan. Selanjutnya jika terdapat perbedaan yang nyata
antar perlakuan (P
IKAN HIKE (Labeobarbus longipinnis) DALAM PENANGKARAN
MENGGUNAKAN GnRH ANALOG
ERMA NAJMIYATI
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
BOGOR
2009
PERNYATAAN MENGENAI TESIS
DAN SUMBER INFORMASI
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa tesis “Induksi Ovulasi dan Derajat Penetasan
Telur Ikan Hike (Labeobarbus longipinnis) Dalam Penangkaran Menggunakan
GnRH Analog” adalah karya saya sendiri dan belum diajukan dalam bentuk apa pun
kepada perguruan tinggi mana pun. Sumber informasi yang berasal atau dikutip dari
karya yang diterbitkan maupun tidak diterbitkan dari penulis lain telah disebutkan
dalam teks dan dicantumkan dalam Daftar Pustaka di bagian akhir tesis ini.
Bogor, Februari 2009
Erma Najmiyati
NIM. B051050041
ABSTRACT
ERMA NAJMIYATI. Ovulation induction and egg hachtability of hike fish
(Labeobarbus longipinnis) with gonadothropin releasing hormone analogue
(GnRHa) in ex situ cnservation pond. Conducted by TUTY L. YUSUF and ETTY
RIANI.
Hike fish is an indigenous fish to Majalengka Regency, West Java, and their
natural habitat is water territory of Prabu Siliwangi, Pajajar Village, Rajagaluh
Subdistrict. The population of hike fishes has decreased due to the decreasing water
debit in their natural habitat. In the prelimanary study conducted by the author, Hike
fish was classified as Labeobarbus longipinnis, that has a flat and elongated body
shape with pattern of blackish color scales in mediolateral body. Male has a more
streamline body shape compared to female. It is observed that hike fishes live in
water territory in the forest area with clear, low temperature and high dissolved
oxygen water and they live in the bottom of stoney water. Regarding the ex situ
conservation by breeding was conducted by ovulation induction with gonadothropin
releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) to produce the best ovulation and best egg
quality to obtain optimum egg hatchability. The research was conducted in breeding
pond in Kumbung Village, Rajagaluh Subdistrict, Majalengka Regency in April August 2007 and February to June 2008. Females reaching post vitellogenic phase in
gonad development, were injected intramuscularly with GnRHa at the doses of 8, 10
or 12µg/kgBW. The research using Completely Randomized Design and the obtained
data were stastitically analyzed to find the effect of treatments and followed by
Tukey’s test if significant different between treatments were found. The results
indicated that the induction with GnRHa 8-12µg/kgBW resulted in the ovulation of
hike fish and the hatching of eggs to larvas, latent period of 18.75 - 33.5hours,
somatic gonad index of 10.34 – 12.14%, fecundity of 604 – 806eggs, egg diameter of
1.78 – 1.91mm, egg fertility of 44.0 – 83.0% and hatchability of 9.0 – 21.5%.
Treatment with GnRHa at 12µg/kgBW resulted in the best results, especially to latent
period and hatchabilty. Unsuccesful ovulation in females given with 8 or 10µg/kgBW
GnRHa were caused by follicle atresia due to too small doses of hormone and due to
the difference between water quality in the breeding habitat and in natural habitat,
especially in hardness and water turbidity. The low hatchability are correlated with
the COD increase during hatchability preparation in aquaria. It is suggested to
conduct research on induction ovulation using a higher doses of GnRHa to obtain its
optimum dose.
Keywords : conservation, hike fish (Labeobarbus longipinnis), ovulation induction,
egg hatchability, GnRHa.
RINGKASAN
ERMA NAJMIYATI. Induksi Ovulasi dan Derajat Penetasan Telur Ikan
Hike (Labeobarbus longipinnis) Dalam Penangkaran Menggunakan GnRH Analog.
Dibimbing oleh TUTY L. YUSUF dan ETTY RIANI.
Ikan hike merupakan ikan indigenous dari Kabupaten Majalengka, Jawa
Barat, tepatnya hidup di kawasan perairan Prabu Siliwangi, Desa Pajajar, Kecamatan
Rajagaluh. Populasi ikan hike telah mengalami penurunan yang diakibatkan oleh
perubahan habitat yaitu menurunnya debit air sehingga menyebabkan turunnya
ketinggian genangan air pada habitat alami tersebut. Penelitian pendahuluan yang
dilakukan oleh penulis mengungkapkan bahwa secara taksonomi ikan hike
teridentifikasi sebagai Labeobarbus longipinnis. Ikan hike memiliki bentuk tubuh
panjang dengan adanya pola sisik berwarna hitam pada bagian medio-lateral tubuh.
Karakterisasi habitat alami ikan hike adalah perairan dalam kawasan hutan, airnya
jernih berarus, bersuhu rendah, mengandung oksigen terlarut yang tinggi dan dasar
perairan berbatu.
Dalam rangka konservasi ikan hike secara eks situ melalui penangkaran,
telah dilakukan induksi ovulasi menggunakan gonadothropin releasing hormone
analogue (GnRHa). Penggunaan GnRHa bertujuan menghasilkan ovulasi serta
kualitas telur terbaik sehingga memberikan derajat penetasan telur yang optimum.
Penelitian dilakukan pada kolam penangkaran di Desa Kumbung, Kecamatan
Rajagaluh, Kabupaten Majalengka dari April-Agustus 2007 dan Pebruari-Juni 2008.
Perlakuan diberikan terhadap ikan hike betina yang telah memasuki fase
perkembangan gonad postvitelogenesis dengan injeksi GnRHa pada dosis 8, 10 atau
12 µg/kg berat badan secara intra muscular. Penelitian didesain dengan Rancangan
Acak Lengkap dan data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam untuk
mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan. Selanjutnya jika terdapat perbedaan yang nyata
antar perlakuan (P