Indigofera zollingeriana: A Promising Forage and Shrubby Legum Crop for Indonesia
Indigofera zollingeriana: A Promising Forage and Shrubby Legum
Crop for Indonesia
L. Abdullah*, A. Tarigan, Suharlina, D. Budhi, I. Jovintry, & T.A. Apdini
Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science,
Bogor Agricultural University, 16680 Darmaga Bogor.
*Email: lukiabdullah@gmail.com
Abstract
Indigofera zollingeriana is a shrubby legume that has been studied since 2009
at Department of Animal Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University.
Observation of agronomical parameters was conducted to investigate forage
regrowth patern, herbage production and cutting management. Some soil ecological
parameters were also observed to recognize rhizo effect on chemical and biological
soil properties. Evaluation of nutrinional parameters were conducted as well to
investigate utilization of nutritional value of the legume. Agronomical study revealed
I. zollingeriana is a branchy regrowing plant that showed appropriate harvesting
time at 60 days, easy to grow with tea growing structure model, and produced about
6-10 ton DM ha-1 harvest-1. Cultivation of I. zollingeriana significantly increased
20% of soil organic carbon, P-solubilizing bacteria colony, stablized soil-P and -N
consentration and soil pH. Meanwhile investigation of nutritional aspects revealed
highly nutritional value indicated by high protein content and digestibility; good
utilizable fiber, high dry matter digestibility, low tannin and saponin content.
According to these results, I. zollingeriana is able to be developed as one of promising
shrubby legume to improve livestock production in Indonesia due to nutritional,
agronomical and ecological reasons.
Keywords: Indigofera zollingeriana, legume crop, nutrition value, forage
production
Introducton
Sgnfcant problem n rumnant anmal producton system s low nutrton ntake that cause low anmal productvty. About 70% of forages used by farmers
orgnates from local grasses that has been known low n proten content (7-9%)
and hgh crude fber, and most of them low n dgestblty. To mprove feed qualty
and nutrton ntake, farmers use concentrate as addtonal menu n rumnant raton.
However use of concentrate has led regonally to ncrease of feed raw materals
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
149
prce and uncertanty n qualty. Farmers have dffcultes n controllng feed qulty
due to not only varaton of feed materal qualty but also ts low avalablty n the
market. Ths, n turn leads to reducton of anmal producton, partcularly dary
producton. Importaton of some feed materals lke soybean meal has n some cases
solved the problem, however farmers are not able to access the materals as the consequence of prce and avalablty. Use of other agrondustral waste becomes more
tradng ssue rather then techncal aspect. But stll farmer do not have bg chance to
access hgh and stable qualty of raw feed materals.
Recommendaton to use more concentrate porton rumnant anmals more
problem rase n controllng feed avalablty and qualty. Seekng local raw feed
materals orgnatng from hgh qualty forages such as legumes become an alternatve to suplement even substtute concentrate feed raw materals. The recent success wth Leucaena as a new hgh qualty forage speces for northern Australa has
prompted a search for other legume tree and shrub speces sutable for ntroducton
to other grazng system (Blunt and Jones, 1977; Clem et al., 1993). It s a good example that may nspre farmer n Indonesa.
Use of legume partcularly tree or shrub legume speces may reduce feed cost
and contrbutes to envronment. Legume s able to mprove sol fertlty through bologcal ntrogen fxaton (Danso et al., 1992) and other symbotc solublzng bactera. Many studes about legume-mchorrzal fung symboss revealed benefts for
P efcency. One of promsng legume we have studed s I. zollingeriana. The scentfc name of ths legume crops has determned by our colleague at Indonesan Insttute of Scence (LIPI). Ths shrub legume may be as one of promsng forage crop,
whch confrms nutrtonally hgh qualty (Abdullah, 2010; Abdullah and Suharna,
2010; Targan et al., 2010) ) and farmers begn wdely establsh the legume crop n
Indonesa to mprove goats mlk producton.
Ths paper ams to descrbe the role of I. zollingeriana as a source of hgh
qualty forage, and ts role on sol ecology.
Materal and Methods
Agronomy study about I. zollingeriana has been conducted snce year 2009
at research staton of Bogor Agrcultural Unversty to nvestgate effect of folar
fertlzer on forage producton mprovement and the role of the crops n mantanng
sol fertlty (Abdulah, 2010; Abdullah and Suharlna, 2010). Some chemcal and
bologcal sol propertes were observed to nvestgate the effect of Indgofera’s
rhzosphere on N, P and P-solubelzng bactera (Suharlna, 2010). Compled data
based on in vitro test n nvestgaton of nutrtonal value of Indgofera leaf n dary
goat rument (Jovntry, 2011) was extracted for ths paper. Bessed, in vivo experment
nvolvng I. zollingeriana as substtutng feedstuff to commercal concentrate was
carred. In form of pellet, ts leaf was fed to 2 groups of dary goats consstng of
150
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
thrd perod of lactatng saanen and second perod of lactatng etawah crossbred
(Apdn, 2011). Data are extracted and used for dscusson of the paper.
Results and Dscusson
Persistent Forage Production
Forage producton s an mportant parameter ndcatng the potental of dry
matter avalable to rumnants. Observaton of I. zollingeriana forage bomass producton for 9 tmes of defolaton carred out wth nterval of 60 days showed that
dry forage producton ranged between 6-10 tons /ha/crop. Varatons occur due to the
season and ntensty of branchng formaton and ntensve leaf development. Ths
leads to overlappng leaves, so that the effectveness of photosynthess s reduced.
Although forage producton fluctuated, but t stll showed hgher average yelds than
those of other legume speces such as Gliricidia and Calliandra. I. zollingeriana
forage productvty s affected by defolaton ntensty. As dscussed earler, defolaton wth a heght of 1 m showed a more persstent producton (Fgure 1.)
-58(., 685+;*:054
6,805+5- 5)9,8
Crop for Indonesia
L. Abdullah*, A. Tarigan, Suharlina, D. Budhi, I. Jovintry, & T.A. Apdini
Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science,
Bogor Agricultural University, 16680 Darmaga Bogor.
*Email: lukiabdullah@gmail.com
Abstract
Indigofera zollingeriana is a shrubby legume that has been studied since 2009
at Department of Animal Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University.
Observation of agronomical parameters was conducted to investigate forage
regrowth patern, herbage production and cutting management. Some soil ecological
parameters were also observed to recognize rhizo effect on chemical and biological
soil properties. Evaluation of nutrinional parameters were conducted as well to
investigate utilization of nutritional value of the legume. Agronomical study revealed
I. zollingeriana is a branchy regrowing plant that showed appropriate harvesting
time at 60 days, easy to grow with tea growing structure model, and produced about
6-10 ton DM ha-1 harvest-1. Cultivation of I. zollingeriana significantly increased
20% of soil organic carbon, P-solubilizing bacteria colony, stablized soil-P and -N
consentration and soil pH. Meanwhile investigation of nutritional aspects revealed
highly nutritional value indicated by high protein content and digestibility; good
utilizable fiber, high dry matter digestibility, low tannin and saponin content.
According to these results, I. zollingeriana is able to be developed as one of promising
shrubby legume to improve livestock production in Indonesia due to nutritional,
agronomical and ecological reasons.
Keywords: Indigofera zollingeriana, legume crop, nutrition value, forage
production
Introducton
Sgnfcant problem n rumnant anmal producton system s low nutrton ntake that cause low anmal productvty. About 70% of forages used by farmers
orgnates from local grasses that has been known low n proten content (7-9%)
and hgh crude fber, and most of them low n dgestblty. To mprove feed qualty
and nutrton ntake, farmers use concentrate as addtonal menu n rumnant raton.
However use of concentrate has led regonally to ncrease of feed raw materals
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
149
prce and uncertanty n qualty. Farmers have dffcultes n controllng feed qulty
due to not only varaton of feed materal qualty but also ts low avalablty n the
market. Ths, n turn leads to reducton of anmal producton, partcularly dary
producton. Importaton of some feed materals lke soybean meal has n some cases
solved the problem, however farmers are not able to access the materals as the consequence of prce and avalablty. Use of other agrondustral waste becomes more
tradng ssue rather then techncal aspect. But stll farmer do not have bg chance to
access hgh and stable qualty of raw feed materals.
Recommendaton to use more concentrate porton rumnant anmals more
problem rase n controllng feed avalablty and qualty. Seekng local raw feed
materals orgnatng from hgh qualty forages such as legumes become an alternatve to suplement even substtute concentrate feed raw materals. The recent success wth Leucaena as a new hgh qualty forage speces for northern Australa has
prompted a search for other legume tree and shrub speces sutable for ntroducton
to other grazng system (Blunt and Jones, 1977; Clem et al., 1993). It s a good example that may nspre farmer n Indonesa.
Use of legume partcularly tree or shrub legume speces may reduce feed cost
and contrbutes to envronment. Legume s able to mprove sol fertlty through bologcal ntrogen fxaton (Danso et al., 1992) and other symbotc solublzng bactera. Many studes about legume-mchorrzal fung symboss revealed benefts for
P efcency. One of promsng legume we have studed s I. zollingeriana. The scentfc name of ths legume crops has determned by our colleague at Indonesan Insttute of Scence (LIPI). Ths shrub legume may be as one of promsng forage crop,
whch confrms nutrtonally hgh qualty (Abdullah, 2010; Abdullah and Suharna,
2010; Targan et al., 2010) ) and farmers begn wdely establsh the legume crop n
Indonesa to mprove goats mlk producton.
Ths paper ams to descrbe the role of I. zollingeriana as a source of hgh
qualty forage, and ts role on sol ecology.
Materal and Methods
Agronomy study about I. zollingeriana has been conducted snce year 2009
at research staton of Bogor Agrcultural Unversty to nvestgate effect of folar
fertlzer on forage producton mprovement and the role of the crops n mantanng
sol fertlty (Abdulah, 2010; Abdullah and Suharlna, 2010). Some chemcal and
bologcal sol propertes were observed to nvestgate the effect of Indgofera’s
rhzosphere on N, P and P-solubelzng bactera (Suharlna, 2010). Compled data
based on in vitro test n nvestgaton of nutrtonal value of Indgofera leaf n dary
goat rument (Jovntry, 2011) was extracted for ths paper. Bessed, in vivo experment
nvolvng I. zollingeriana as substtutng feedstuff to commercal concentrate was
carred. In form of pellet, ts leaf was fed to 2 groups of dary goats consstng of
150
Proceeding of the 2nd International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012
thrd perod of lactatng saanen and second perod of lactatng etawah crossbred
(Apdn, 2011). Data are extracted and used for dscusson of the paper.
Results and Dscusson
Persistent Forage Production
Forage producton s an mportant parameter ndcatng the potental of dry
matter avalable to rumnants. Observaton of I. zollingeriana forage bomass producton for 9 tmes of defolaton carred out wth nterval of 60 days showed that
dry forage producton ranged between 6-10 tons /ha/crop. Varatons occur due to the
season and ntensty of branchng formaton and ntensve leaf development. Ths
leads to overlappng leaves, so that the effectveness of photosynthess s reduced.
Although forage producton fluctuated, but t stll showed hgher average yelds than
those of other legume speces such as Gliricidia and Calliandra. I. zollingeriana
forage productvty s affected by defolaton ntensty. As dscussed earler, defolaton wth a heght of 1 m showed a more persstent producton (Fgure 1.)
-58(., 685+;*:054
6,805+5- 5)9,8