Basic Design And Performance Analysis Of Micro-Hybrid Generator.

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

BASIC DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF

MICRO-HYBRID GENERATOR

This report is submitted in accordance with the requirement of the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor of Electrical Engineering

Technology

(Industrial Power) with Honours. by

ABDUL HAFEEZ BIN ABDUL MALIK B071210132

930328-10-5211

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 2015

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA

TAJUK:

Basic Design And Performance Analysis Of Micro-Hybrid

Generator

SESI PENGAJIAN: 2015/16 Semester 2

Saya ABDUL HAFEEZ BIN ABDUL MALIK

mengaku membenarkan Laporan PSM ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut: 1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan

untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis.

3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.

4. **Sila tandakan ( )

SULIT

TERHAD

TIDAK TERHAD

(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia sebagaimana yang termaktub dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)

(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)

(TANDATANGAN PENULIS) Alamat Tetap:

NO. 17, JLN 1/4J, BANDAR DAMAI PERDANA, 56000, CHERAS, KL Tarikh: ________________________

Disahkan oleh:

(TANDATANGAN PENYELIA)

Cop Rasmi:

** Jika Laporan PSM ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD.

iii

DECLARATION

I hereby, declared this report entitled “Basic Design And Performance Analysis Of Micro-Hybrid Generator” is the results of my own research except as cited in

references.

Signature :………

Name : Abdul Hafeez Bin Abdul Malik

iv

APPROVAL

This report is submitted to the Faculty of Engineering Technology of UTeM as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering Technology (Industrial Power) (BETI) (Honours). The member of the supervisory is as follow:

………. (Mdm. Halyani Binti Mohd Yassim)

v

ABSTRACT

Micro-hybrid generator is a stand-alone power system (SPS). It is a green technology that produces electricity from the combination of solar and hydro system. This paper focuses on the basic design and concept of micro-hydro generator as it is a backup supply for the solar system. The principle of solar system will not be discussed in detail in this research. The purpose of this paper is to design a micro-hydro generator with power output from 5 kW to 100 kW. Analysis is carried out using the fundamental theory for micro-hydro system. This research is divided into several parts. The first part is searching the potential site for micro-hybrid generator installation in Malaysia. Second part is applying the fundamental theory for micro-hydro generator system. In this part, the suitable design for micro-micro-hydro system was analysed. The overhead tank, turbine to be used and pump power was calculated during the analysis. This type of green technology is still classified as a new technology in Malaysia. So, it is recommended to see the status of implementation in Malaysia. This research will help to reduce our dependence on using the non-renewable sources for generation of electricity. It also raises standard living of residents in remote areas because this system is suitable to be develop at the off grid area.

vi

ABSTRAK

Penjana mikro hibrid merupakan sistem tenaga yang berdiri dengan sendiri (SPS). Sistem ini merupakan teknologi hijau yang menghasilkan tenaga elektrik daripada gabungan sistem solar dan hidro. Kajian ini menumpukan kepada reka bentuk asas dan konsep penjana mikro hidro sebagai bekalan sandaran untuk sistem solar. Di dalam kajian ini, prinsip sistem solar tidak dibincangkan secara terperinci. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mereka bentuk penjana mikro hidro dengan keluaran kuasa dari 5 kW hingga 100 kW. Analisis dijalankan menggunakan teori asas bagi sistem mikro hidro. Kajian ini telah dibahagikan kepada beberapa bahagian. Bahagian pertama adalah mencari tapak yang berpotensi untuk pemasangan penjana mikro hibrid di Malaysia. Bahagian kedua adalah mengaplikasikan teori asas bagi mikro hidro sistem. Dalam bahagian ini, reka bentuk yang sesuai untuk sistem mikro hidro telah dianalisis serta dibincangkan. Saiz tangki, jenis turbin dan kuasa pam telah dikira pada bahagian ini. Teknologi hijau seperti penjana mikro hibrid masih diklasifikasikan sebagai teknologi baru di Malaysia. Jadi, ia adalah disyorkan untuk melihat status pelaksanaannya di Malaysia. Kajian ini akan membantu untuk mengurangkan kebergantunganterhadap penggunaan sumber-sumber yang tidak boleh diperbaharui untuk penjanaan tenaga elektrik. Ia juga dapat meningkatkan taraf hidup penduduk di kawasan pedalaman kerana sistem ini sesuai untuk dibangunkan di kawasan luar bandar.

vii

DEDICATIONS

This research is dedicated to Almighty God for providing me peace, strength and makes it easier for me to complete it.

viii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

All praise for Allah, with blessings and His grace that has made it easier journey along this learning.

I want to express my gratefulness to every one of the individuals who gave me the possibility to finish this report. An extraordinary appreciation for my supervisor, Mdm. Halyani Binti Mohd Yassim, who’s committed in stimulating suggestions and support, helped me to facilitate my research especially in composing this report.

To those I love, my mother, Sarinah Binti Yusof, my father, Abdul Malik Bin Abdul Rahim, Nurulhuda Binti Hashim, Wan Muhammad Aqib, Samir Malik, Ali Mohd Hidayat, Rifaat Abdel Rahman, Muhammad Hilmi, Shukri Bin Yahaya, and all friends who always guide me in completing this research. Without them, I was not able to complete this task.

ix

Table of Contents

DECLARATION ... iii

APPROVAL ... iv

ABSTRACT ... v

ABSTRAK ... vi

DEDICATIONS ... vii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... viii

LIST OF FIGURES ... xii

LIST OF TABLE ... xiv

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ... xv

CHAPTER 1 ... 1

INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.0 Introduction ... 1

1.1 Background ... 1

1.2 Problem Statement ... 4

1.3 Objectives ... 5

1.4 Scope ... 5

CHAPTER 2 ... 6

2.0 Introduction ... 6

2.1 Hydro Power Plant ... 7

x

2.1.2 Categories of Hydro Power ... 7

2.2 Micro Hydro Power Generation ... 9

2.2.1 Micro-Hydro Operation ... 11

2.3 Head and Flow ... 13

2.3.1 Newton’s law Equation ... 14

2.4 Water Turbine ... 15

2.4.1 Categories of Water Turbine ... 16

2.5 Water Pump ... 20

2.6 MATLAB Simulink ... 21

2.7 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)/CX-Programmer ... 22

CHAPTER 3 ... 23

SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT ... 23

3.0 Introduction ... 23

3.1 Review of The Potential Site ... 25

3.1.1 Resources Available In Sabah ... 25

3.1.2 Solar Potential In Sabah ... 26

3.1.3 Rain Fall Capacity In Sabah ... 28

3.2 Application of Fundamental Theory ... 29

3.2.1 Calculation of Head Tank ... 29

3.2.2 Turbine Calculation ... 31

3.2.3 Pump Calculation ... 33

3.3 Simulation ... 35

xi

CHAPTER 4 ... 45

RESULT AND ANALYSIS ... 45

4.0 Introduction ... 45

4.1. Design of Micro-Hydro System ... 45

4.1.1 Phase 1 (Overhead Tank) ... 47

4.1.2 Phase 2 (Turbine) ... 49

4.1.3 Phase 3 (Pump Power) ... 56

4.2 ANALYSIS FOR SYSTEM EFFICIENCY ... 61

CHAPTER 5 ... 67

CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK ... 67

5.0 Introduction ... 67

5.1 Conclusion ... 67

5.2 Limitation ... 68

5.3 Recommendation ... 68

APPENDICES ... 69

APPENDIX A ... 70

APPENDIX B ... 71

APPENDIX C ... 72

APPENDIX D ... 73

xii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: Available Renewable Energy Source in Malaysia ………..2

Figure 2.1: Example of Large Hydro Power Plant ……….……….9

Figure 2.2: Nepal Micro-Hydro Power House ……….…….10

Figure 2.3: Micro-Hydro System ...11

Figure 2.4: Head of Micro-Hydro ...13

Figure 2.5: Francis Turbine ...16

Figure 2.6: Kaplan Turbine ...17

Figure 2.7: An Old Pelton Wheel...18

Figure 2.8: Cross Flow ...19

Figure 2.9: Solar Pump Water ...20

Figure 2.10: MATLAB/Simulink...21

Figure 2.11: CX-Programmer...22

Figure 3.1: Flow Chart for Research ……….24

Figure 3.2: Average annual trend value for every state in Malaysia ………27

Figure 3.3: Yearly rainfall trend for Sabah ...28

Figure 3.4: System Block Diagram of Micro-Hybrid Generator …………...….…36

Figure 3.5: System Block Diagram of Micro-Hybrid Generator ……….…37

Figure 3.6: Solar System (On) ………..………….39

xiii

Figure 3.8: Solar System (Off) ………41 Figure 3.9: Micro-Hydro System (On) ………42 Figure 4.1: Micro-hydro system circuit design ………..……46 Figure 4.2: Effect of radius of tank and pipe diameter

towards power input to turbine ………48 Figure 4.3: Graph of output power generated against torque ………53 Figure 4.4: Graph of relationship of power output with

the radius of water tank ………/….54 Figure 4.5: Calculation for friction factor ……….………58 Figure 4.6 Effect of radius of tank and diameter of pipe

towards pump power ………60 Figure 4.7: Effect on every changes of the radius of tank

and diameter pipe to the efficiency of the system ……….…….62 Figure 4.8: Effect of output generated and pump power

towards system efficiency ……….…….63 Figure 4.9: Design to be applied for micro-hydro system……….66

xiv

LIST OF TABLE

Table 2.1: Hydro categories ……….7

Table 2.2: Classification of Head for Micro-Hydro System ...13

Table 2.3: Categories Of Turbines ...15

Table 3.1: Energy per hour produces in every cities in Malysia ...24

Table 4.1: Calculation for phase 1 ………...………..47

Table 4.2: Speed of turbines ………..…………49

Table 4.3: Generator synchronous speed ………..…………50

Table 4.4: Calculation for phase 2 ………..………...51

Table 4.5: Absolute roughness for different type of material ………..………….57

Table 4.6: Calculation for phase 3 ………..………...59

Table 4.7: Calculation for efficiency ……….…………61

Table 4.8: Result for constant radius of tank ………64

xv

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AC: Alternating Current

DC: Direct Current

PLC Programmable Logic Controller SPS Stand-alone Power System PSP Private Sector Participation RES Renewable Energy System HE Hydro Energy

Q Flow rate l/s

ρ Density of water [1000 kg _]

g Gravitational force [9.81 m _]

H Net head (m)

D

pipe Pipe diameter (m)

D

tank Tank diameter (m)

Vol.

tank Volume tank (l) r radius tank (m) v Velocity (m ₎

A Area ( )

KE Kinetic Energy (Joule PE Potential Energy (Joule)

xvi N Rotational speed of turbine (rpm) T Torque of shaft (kNm)

D Runner throat turbine diameter (m) Angular velocity of turbine (rad/sec) P Power input to the turbine (kW) µ Efficiency

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

This chapter introduce about renewable energy and its benefits.

1.1 Background

The first power network was created by Thomas Edison in 1882 in the United States. DC generator was used to generate energy and this energy is distributed using underground cables. However, this system has a disadvantage which power can only be spread in small distance from power station. The first AC power network was formed in the United States in 1885. During this year, William Stanley has created a transformer which is intended to rise or decline the amount of voltage. In 1888, Nicola Tesla has become the first person who invented the induction motor. The purpose of the creation of an induction motor is to generate AC power to substitute the existing DC power. Among the advantages of AC generator is that it can produce better power than DC generator. Moreover, the power can be spread in a wide range.

Grid system was designed to connect the utility network with the main electrical grid. The term off-grid means that the system is not being connected with the main electrical grid. Stand-alone power is one of the off-grid systems. It is developed to provide electricity to rural areas.

2

Distributed energy is stored or produced by several of grid connected devices which is also referred to as distributed energy resources (DER). There are some differences between conventional power station and DER. First, DER system uses renewable sources such as wind, solar, biomass and hydro. The use of resources for the system can reduce the effects of pollution on the environment. Moreover, it is also not bounded by the fluctuation in price of non-renewable energy. On the other side, the conventional power station use natural resources such as gas, coal, and nuclear to generate electricity. The use of non-renewable sources will indirectly contribute to environmental pollution due to emission of carbon dioxide produced from combustion of the sources.

For conventional power station, it is centralized and often requires electricity to be transmitted over long distances. Unlike conventional power system, DER is a system that is flexible and decentralized. It can be managed and coordinated within a smart grid. Renewable energy is energy that always available and never run out of resources. It can be divided into two types which are potential energy and non-potential energy. Figure below shows various type of renewable energy available in Malaysia

Figure 1.1: Available Renewable Energy Source in Malaysia Renewable Energy Potential Energy Solar Hydro Biomass Non-Potential Energy Wave Wind Geothermal

3

In Malaysia, solar and hydro systems have shown a good growth. Both systems use clean and environmental friendly energy resources. Malaysia has an equatorial climate with high temperatures and wet months all over the year. This is an advantage for Malaysia to lead the research of solar system used in industries. Application of this system can be seen in low energy consuming equipment. For example, the system is used to heat water in a hotel and power up street light.

In this era of globalization, the demand for fossil fuels is increasing. Same goes with the price of fuels (Muda and Tey 2012). Because of Malaysia is too dependent on this resource, we should be aware that sooner or later, this resource will be exhausted (Malaysia Country Report, Energy Situation in Malaysia: Present and Its Future).

The Malaysian government is aware of this problem. Therefore, the government has introduced a plan to use renewable energy resources instead of fuel source in generation of electricity. The government`s efforts can be seen when the plan is included in 8th _{Malaysia Plan (2001-2005). According to Amer Aqel (2013),} the government is committed to continue this program and it has been included once again in the 9th Malaysia Plan (2006-2010).

4

1.2 Problem Statement

In some rural areas, they have difficulties to access to electricity. This happens because of the difficulties in installing the distribution system in the area. There are several factors that prevent the installation of the system. Among them are the hilly shape of the earth surfaces, region with water flow like rivers and thick forest. In order to get electricity, diesel generator is used. It has been applied for a long time. Unfortunately, the fluctuation of diesel price which keep increasing has become a burden. Main energy resources for electricity in Malaysia are from natural gases (53.2%) and coal (30.4%), which in emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the thinning of ozone layer that lead to increase in temperature. Solar system is an alternative to conventional power system. Solar system has grown in Malaysia rapidly. Unfortunately, solar system has several disadvantages. Solar system only operates during daylight and depends on the climate. It can be said that solar system cannot provide a constant access to electricity.

These problems can be overcome by combining the solar with a micro-hydro system. Combination of both systems has improves system reliability. Moreover, the combination of these two systems will not cause pollution to the environment. This research discusses about the new micro hybrid-generator through the combination of solar and micro-hydro system that can produce electricity from both system. This research focuses on the basic design and concept of micro-hydro generator as it is a backup supply for the solar system

5

1.3 Objectives

There are three objectives of this research:

1. To review and choose the most potential site for micro-hybrid generator system installation in Malaysia.

2. To design micro-hydro system as a backup power for stand-alone solar system.

3. To analyse system efficiency by using Matlab / simulink.

1.4 Scope

Firstly, this research focuses on the basic design and concept of micro-hydro generator as it is a backup supply for the solar system. The principle of solar system was not discussed in detail in this research. The fundamental theory for micro-hybrid generator system is applied. Among the calculations taken referred are calculations of the head tank, turbine and water pump. The output power generated from micro-hybrid generator system is between 5 kW to 100 kW.

6

CHAPTER 2

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

2.0 Introduction

In the era of globalization, the demand for fossil fuels is increasing. Same goes for the price. Because of Malaysia too dependent on these resources, Malaysian should be aware that sooner or later, these resources will be finish.

Malaysian government is aware of this problem. The government has introduced a plan to use renewable energy resources as an alternative energy sources in electricity generation. The government`s efforts can be seen when the plan is included in 8th Malaysia Plan (2001-2005). The government is committed to continue this program and it has been included once again in the 9th Malaysia Plan (2006-2010).

Today, hydropower has been a catalyst for economic and social development. The participation of Private sector (PSP) in Rwanda that implement a small hydro projects for rural electrification has been a great impact on society. Among the projects run by PSP is micro-hydro generator. PSP also committed to the implementation of the project for the development of rural areas (Pigaht and van der Plas 2009).

7

2.1 Hydro Power Plant

2.1.1 History Development of Hydro Power Plant

The first hydroelectric power plant was installed in Cragside, Rothbury, England in 1870. Hydro power has been used in industry since 1880 in Grand Rapids, Michigan, when a dynamo driven by a water turbine was used to provide theatre and storefront lighting. Today, hydropower plants are much more reliable and efficient than the fossil fuel-fired plants (Baird, 2006). This resulted in a proliferation of small- to medium-sized hydropower stations distributed wherever there is an adequate supply of moving water and a need for electricity. As electricity demand grows, the number and size of fossil fuel, nuclear and hydropower plants increases. In parallel, concerns arise around environmental and social impacts (Edenhofer et al., 2011).

2.1.2 Categories of Hydro Power

Water is a clean and environmental friendly source of energy. It is the ideal source for electricity generation. Hydro power plants convert the potential energy of water into electricity Mohibullah et al (2004). The determination of the size of the hydro power plant depends on the desired output power. The figure below shows the hydro category, power range that can be created and the number of homes powered.

8

1. Pico Hydro Power Plant

Hydro power generation under 5 kW is known as pico-hydro. It is very suitable to be applied in area that required small amount of electricity. M.F. Basar (2011) said that pico hydro power plant only need a small stream to generate electricity.

2. Micro Hydro Power Plant

It produces the output power less than 100 kW. Micro-hydro can generate electrical power to small remote communities. Sometimes, the output is connected to the electric power network.

3. Small Hydro Power Plant

Mini and small-hydro are in the same class. It can provide power not more than 10 MW. It can be connected to conventional electrical distribution network as low-cost renewable energy.

4. Large Hydro Power Plant

Large hydro power generation is often referring to facilities that can produce from over a few hundred Megawatts to more than 10 GW power.

3

In Malaysia, solar and hydro systems have shown a good growth. Both systems use clean and environmental friendly energy resources. Malaysia has an equatorial climate with high temperatures and wet months all over the year. This is an advantage for Malaysia to lead the research of solar system used in industries. Application of this system can be seen in low energy consuming equipment. For example, the system is used to heat water in a hotel and power up street light.

In this era of globalization, the demand for fossil fuels is increasing. Same goes with the price of fuels (Muda and Tey 2012). Because of Malaysia is too dependent on this resource, we should be aware that sooner or later, this resource will be exhausted (Malaysia Country Report, Energy Situation in Malaysia: Present and Its Future).

The Malaysian government is aware of this problem. Therefore, the government has introduced a plan to use renewable energy resources instead of fuel source in generation of electricity. The government`s efforts can be seen when the plan is included in 8th _{Malaysia Plan (2001-2005). According to Amer Aqel (2013),}

the government is committed to continue this program and it has been included once again in the 9th Malaysia Plan (2006-2010).

4

1.2 Problem Statement

In some rural areas, they have difficulties to access to electricity. This happens because of the difficulties in installing the distribution system in the area. There are several factors that prevent the installation of the system. Among them are the hilly shape of the earth surfaces, region with water flow like rivers and thick forest. In order to get electricity, diesel generator is used. It has been applied for a long time. Unfortunately, the fluctuation of diesel price which keep increasing has become a burden. Main energy resources for electricity in Malaysia are from natural gases (53.2%) and coal (30.4%), which in emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the thinning of ozone layer that lead to increase in temperature. Solar system is an alternative to conventional power system. Solar system has grown in Malaysia rapidly. Unfortunately, solar system has several disadvantages. Solar system only operates during daylight and depends on the climate. It can be said that solar system cannot provide a constant access to electricity.

These problems can be overcome by combining the solar with a micro-hydro system. Combination of both systems has improves system reliability. Moreover, the combination of these two systems will not cause pollution to the environment. This research discusses about the new micro hybrid-generator through the combination of solar and micro-hydro system that can produce electricity from both system. This research focuses on the basic design and concept of micro-hydro generator as it is a backup supply for the solar system

5

1.3 Objectives

There are three objectives of this research:

1. To review and choose the most potential site for micro-hybrid generator system installation in Malaysia.

2. To design micro-hydro system as a backup power for stand-alone solar system.

3. To analyse system efficiency by using Matlab / simulink.

1.4 Scope

Firstly, this research focuses on the basic design and concept of micro-hydro generator as it is a backup supply for the solar system. The principle of solar system was not discussed in detail in this research. The fundamental theory for micro-hybrid generator system is applied. Among the calculations taken referred are calculations of the head tank, turbine and water pump. The output power generated from micro-hybrid generator system is between 5 kW to 100 kW.

6

CHAPTER 2

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

2.0 Introduction

In the era of globalization, the demand for fossil fuels is increasing. Same goes for the price. Because of Malaysia too dependent on these resources, Malaysian should be aware that sooner or later, these resources will be finish.

Malaysian government is aware of this problem. The government has introduced a plan to use renewable energy resources as an alternative energy sources in electricity generation. The government`s efforts can be seen when the plan is included in 8th Malaysia Plan (2001-2005). The government is committed to continue this program and it has been included once again in the 9th Malaysia Plan (2006-2010).

Today, hydropower has been a catalyst for economic and social development. The participation of Private sector (PSP) in Rwanda that implement a small hydro projects for rural electrification has been a great impact on society. Among the projects run by PSP is micro-hydro generator. PSP also committed to the implementation of the project for the development of rural areas (Pigaht and van der Plas 2009).

7

2.1 Hydro Power Plant

2.1.1 History Development of Hydro Power Plant

The first hydroelectric power plant was installed in Cragside, Rothbury, England in 1870. Hydro power has been used in industry since 1880 in Grand Rapids, Michigan, when a dynamo driven by a water turbine was used to provide theatre and storefront lighting. Today, hydropower plants are much more reliable and efficient than the fossil fuel-fired plants (Baird, 2006). This resulted in a proliferation of small- to medium-sized hydropower stations distributed wherever there is an adequate supply of moving water and a need for electricity. As electricity demand grows, the number and size of fossil fuel, nuclear and hydropower plants increases. In parallel, concerns arise around environmental and social impacts (Edenhofer et al., 2011).

2.1.2 Categories of Hydro Power

Water is a clean and environmental friendly source of energy. It is the ideal source for electricity generation. Hydro power plants convert the potential energy of water into electricity Mohibullah et al (2004). The determination of the size of the hydro power plant depends on the desired output power. The figure below shows the hydro category, power range that can be created and the number of homes powered.

8

1. Pico Hydro Power Plant

Hydro power generation under 5 kW is known as pico-hydro. It is very suitable to be applied in area that required small amount of electricity. M.F. Basar (2011) said that pico hydro power plant only need a small stream to generate electricity.

2. Micro Hydro Power Plant

It produces the output power less than 100 kW. Micro-hydro can generate electrical power to small remote communities. Sometimes, the output is connected to the electric power network.

3. Small Hydro Power Plant

Mini and small-hydro are in the same class. It can provide power not more than 10 MW. It can be connected to conventional electrical distribution network as low-cost renewable energy.

4. Large Hydro Power Plant

Large hydro power generation is often referring to facilities that can produce from over a few hundred Megawatts to more than 10 GW power.