Urea lepas lamban dalam ransum berbasis jerami padi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi produksi sapi bali
UREA LEPAS-LAMBAN DALAM RANSUM BERBASIS
JERAMI PADI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI
PRODUKSI SAPI BALI
DEDE KARDAYA
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
BOGOR
2010
PERNYATAAN MENGENAI DISERTASI DAN SUMBER
INFORMASI
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa disertasi Urea Lepas-Lamban dalam
Ransum Berbasis Jerami Padi untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Produksi Sapi Bali
adalah karya saya dengan arahan dari komisi pembimbing dan belum diajukan
dalam bentuk apapun kepada perguruan tinggi manapun. Sumber informasi yang
berasal atau dikutip dari karya yang diterbitkan maupun tidak diterbitkan dari
penulis lain telah disebutkan dalam teks dan dicantumkan dalam Daftar Pustaka di
bagian akhir disertasi ini.
Bogor, Mei 2010
Dede Kardaya
NRP. D061060041
ABSTRACT
DEDE KARDAYA. Slow-Release Urea in Rice Straw Based Diets to Increase
Efficiency of Bali Cattle Production.
Under direction of KOMANG G. WIRYAWAN, AMINUDDIN PARAKKASI,
and HM. WINUGROHO.
Urea is the most frequently used for substituting natural feed protein in
ruminant rations. However, because it is hydrolyzed to ammonia and absorbed
into circulatory system, urea may contribute negative impact on ruminant animals.
Any effort to optimize urea usage as NPN source for ruminant must consider its
negative effect. In this study, the effort was accomplished by characterizing and
examining slow-release urea (SLU) products used in vitro and in vivo techniques.
The in vitro study was intended to reveal SLU characteristics of zinc-urea (US),
zeolites-urea (UZ), and zeolites-zinc-urea (USZ) under different molasses levels
in relation to the ruminal fermentative changes observed in different incubation
time. The experimental design was randomized block design with a 4 x 3 factorial
arrangement plus a control treatment, and conducted in two replications. The
factors were urea (U), US, UZ, and USZ and molasses concentrations (0%, 6%,
and 12%). The control treatment was the rice straw based diets containing neither
urea nor molasses (TU). Diets consisted of 45% rice straw and 55% concentrates
(DM basis) were formulated to have similar N and TDN levels. The in vitro diet
showed the best ruminal fermentative response was applied in the in vivo study.
Under the in vivo study, SLU characteristics of US, UZ, and USZ were examined
using 20 Bali bulls (145.3 ± 2.5 kg of BW) allocated to five treatments and four
replications in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects on Bali bull
performances. Treatments consisted of diets contained no urea (TU), U, US, UZ,
and USZ. Results of solubility study showed that N solubility of US (61.96%), UZ
(39.71%), or USZ (40.12%) was lower (P
JERAMI PADI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI
PRODUKSI SAPI BALI
DEDE KARDAYA
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
BOGOR
2010
PERNYATAAN MENGENAI DISERTASI DAN SUMBER
INFORMASI
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa disertasi Urea Lepas-Lamban dalam
Ransum Berbasis Jerami Padi untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Produksi Sapi Bali
adalah karya saya dengan arahan dari komisi pembimbing dan belum diajukan
dalam bentuk apapun kepada perguruan tinggi manapun. Sumber informasi yang
berasal atau dikutip dari karya yang diterbitkan maupun tidak diterbitkan dari
penulis lain telah disebutkan dalam teks dan dicantumkan dalam Daftar Pustaka di
bagian akhir disertasi ini.
Bogor, Mei 2010
Dede Kardaya
NRP. D061060041
ABSTRACT
DEDE KARDAYA. Slow-Release Urea in Rice Straw Based Diets to Increase
Efficiency of Bali Cattle Production.
Under direction of KOMANG G. WIRYAWAN, AMINUDDIN PARAKKASI,
and HM. WINUGROHO.
Urea is the most frequently used for substituting natural feed protein in
ruminant rations. However, because it is hydrolyzed to ammonia and absorbed
into circulatory system, urea may contribute negative impact on ruminant animals.
Any effort to optimize urea usage as NPN source for ruminant must consider its
negative effect. In this study, the effort was accomplished by characterizing and
examining slow-release urea (SLU) products used in vitro and in vivo techniques.
The in vitro study was intended to reveal SLU characteristics of zinc-urea (US),
zeolites-urea (UZ), and zeolites-zinc-urea (USZ) under different molasses levels
in relation to the ruminal fermentative changes observed in different incubation
time. The experimental design was randomized block design with a 4 x 3 factorial
arrangement plus a control treatment, and conducted in two replications. The
factors were urea (U), US, UZ, and USZ and molasses concentrations (0%, 6%,
and 12%). The control treatment was the rice straw based diets containing neither
urea nor molasses (TU). Diets consisted of 45% rice straw and 55% concentrates
(DM basis) were formulated to have similar N and TDN levels. The in vitro diet
showed the best ruminal fermentative response was applied in the in vivo study.
Under the in vivo study, SLU characteristics of US, UZ, and USZ were examined
using 20 Bali bulls (145.3 ± 2.5 kg of BW) allocated to five treatments and four
replications in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects on Bali bull
performances. Treatments consisted of diets contained no urea (TU), U, US, UZ,
and USZ. Results of solubility study showed that N solubility of US (61.96%), UZ
(39.71%), or USZ (40.12%) was lower (P