Grafting Local Commercial Tomato Cultivars with H-7996 ang Eg-203 to Suppress Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) in Indonesia
I
lnternational Society for Horticultural Science
Soci6t6 lnternationale de la Science Horticole
rsHs
ACTA HoRTlcuttuRRf@ is a scientifically reviewed publication of ISHS. lnformation about Acta Horticulturae@ and
ISHS is given at the end of this book.
Check out www.actahort.org for details on our latest titles.
Editorial Advisory Board ol Acta Horticulturae@
Yves Desjardins, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant
Science, Horticulture Research Centre, Laval University,
Quebec, Canada, Chair of the Editorial Advisory Board
Jorge Retamales, Universidad de Talca, Escuela de Agronomia,
Talca, Chile
Sadanori Sase, National lnstitute for Rural Engineering,
Tsukuba, Japan
Paolo lnglese, Dipartimento di Colture Arboree, Universitd
degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, ltaly
Y0ksel T0zel, Department of Horticulture, Agriculture Faculty,
Ege University, lzmir, Turkey
Julian Heyes, institute of Food, Nutrition & Human Health,
Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Janet Cubey, Science Department, Royal Horticultural Society,
Wisley, United Kingdom
lsaac Ore Aiyelaagbe, Department of Horticulture, University
ol Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Executive Director ol ISHS
lr. J. Van Assche
Secretariat of ISHS
PO Box 500
3001 Leuven 1
Belgium
Phone:
Fax:
E-mail:
+32.16.2?9427
+32.16.2294 50
info@ishs.org
lnternet: www.ishs,org
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
IVth INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM
ON
TOMATO DISEASES
Convener
M.L. Paret
Orlando, Florida, USA
June 24-27,2013
ISHS Section Vegetables
ISHS Commission Plant Protection
ISHS Working Group Tomato Diseases
Acta Horticulturae 1069
February 2015
ISSN 0567-7572
ISBN 97S 94 6261059 0, Acta Horticulturae n". 1069
Price for non-members of ISHS: € 86,Published by ISHS, February 2015
Executive Director of ISHS: J. Van Assche
Technical Processing: S. Franssens
ISHS Secretariat, PO Box 500,3001 Leuven 1, Belgium
Printed by Drukkerij Geers, Eekhoutdriesstraat 67, 8-9041 Gent (Oostakker), Belgium
o2ttt5 by the Intemational Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS). All rights reserved. No part ofthis book
may be reproduced and/or published in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, microfilm and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written
permission from the publishers.
Photographs on the front cover:
l.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2
Spring 2012Bs2 trial at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida canied
out by John W. Scott. Trial entry on the left is tomato hybrid Fla-8314 containing the pepper Bs2 gene,
conferring Xanthomonas-resistance. The entry on the right is a susceptible tine, VF36. Bacterial spot
disease is evident on VF36 plants as defoliation and reduced fruit set. In this and numerous other trials,
Bs2-containing plants have negligible defoliation and typically show a doubling ofyields. (by courtesy
of D. Horvath, Two Blades Foundation).
Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solancearum leading to severe wilting of the plants (by
courtesy of M. Paret, University of Florida).
Target spot disease caused by Corynespora cassiicola causing large cracks on tomato fruit (by courtesy
of M. Paret, University of Florida).
Tomato spotted wilt vla.r affecting tomato fiuit (by courtesy of M. Paret, University of Florida).
Bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas perforans causing leaf spots on tomato (by courtesy of M. Paret,
University of Florida).
Fresh market tomato production in North Florida (by courtesy of M. Paret, University of Florida).
Editors
M.L. Paret
Department of Plant Pathologt/NFREC, University of Florida, USA
G.E. Vallad
Department of Plant Pathologt/GcREc, University of Florida, ()SA
S. Zhang
Department of Plant Pathologt/TREC, University of Florida, USA
J.B. Jones
IJniversity of Florida, USA
Editorial Board
A. Crescenzi, Chair of the ISHS Working Group on Tomato Diseases, Universi4t of
Basilicata, Italy
S. Miller, The Ohio State University, USA
Jaw-Fen Wang, AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center, Chinese Taipei
J.B. Jones, University of Florida, USA
A.M. Alvarez, University of Hawaii, USA
J. Scott, University of Florida, USA
M.A. Al-Saleh, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
S.M. Olson, University of Florida, USA
Tao Zhou, China Agricultural Universitl,, China
P.D. Roberts, SWFREC, University of Florida, USA
D. Shteinberg, Ministry of Agricultttre and Rural De;-elopment, Israel
T. Momol, Departmenl of Plant Pathologt, University of Florida, USA
J. Freeman, Virginia Tech, USA
G. Hoyos, Envirologix Inc., USA
S. Adkins, USDA-ARS, USDA
LIST OF CONTENTS
Preface
6
List of Contents
List of Authors
List of Participants
'7
l3
l5
Host-Pathogen Interaction
Plant-Pathogen-Symbiont Interactions in the Tomato Phyllosphere
N. Potnis, A.H.C. van Bruggen, J.B. Jones, K. Cowles and J.D. Barak
23
Multilocus Sequence Analysis of a Worldwide Collection of Xanthomonas
Strains, Causing Bacterial Leaf Spot
S. Timilsina, J.B. Jones, N. Potnis, E. Goss, G.V. Minsavage, J.C. Hong,
G.E. Vallad and M. Kebede
Using Proteomics and Genomics to Search for Low Temperature Virulence
Factors in Ralstonia solanacearum
A.M. Bocsanczy, D.J. Norman, J.C. Huguet-Tapia.
U. Achenbach and A. Mangravita-Novo
33
The Genetic Determinants of Symptoms Induction by Pepino Mosaic Virus
in Tomato
B. I{asi6w-Jaroszewska, J. Minicka, N. Borodynko and H. Pospieszny
39
Tomato Breeding for Disease Resistance
The Pepper BsZ Gene Confers Effective Field Resistarlce to Bacteriai Leaf
Spot and Yield Enhancement in Florida Tomatoes
D.M. Horvath, M.H. Pauly, S.F. Hutton, G.E. l'allad, J.l|r. Scott, J.B. Jones,
R.E. Stall, D. Dahlbeck, B.J. Staskawicz, D. Tricoli and A.V. Deynze
Identification of Tomato Bacterial Spot Race Tl,T2, T3, T4, and
Xanthomonas gardneri Resistance QTLs Derived from PI I14490
Populations Selected for Race T4
J.ll. Scott, S.F. Hutton, R. Shekasteband, S.C. Sim and D.M. Francis
41
53
Combinations of ?'y Resistance Genes Generally Provide More Effective
Control against Begomoviruses than Do Single Genes
S.F. Hutton, J.L/. Scou, R. Shekasteband,I. Levin and M. Lapidot
59
Screening Cultivated and Wild Tomato Germplasm for Resistance to
Xanthomonas gardneri
D. Liabeu.f, D.M. Francis and S.C. Sim
65
Selection for Resistanceto Sclerotium rolfsii in Accessions of Solanum
lycopersicum var. cerasiforne in Westcrn Mexico
J.L. Martinez-Ramirez, E.R. Guzman, C.M. Duran-Marlinez, J.V. Navaruo,
E.L. Alcocer and G.C. Abascal
Interaction between Fusarium Wilt Resistance Genes in Tomato and
Fusarium orysporum f- sp. lycopersrci Races 1 and 2
M. Niederheitmann, J. Gonqalves, A. Mat, T. Bentley and J. Green
7t
-l'7
i
Gaafting Local Commercial Tomato Cultivars with H-7996 and Eg-203 to
9rypress Bacterial W llt (Ra I s t o n i a s o I anac e aru m) in Indonesia
T. Antiyanto, S.D. Nurcahyanti, D. Indradewa and J. ytridada
Management of Powdery Mildew in Greenhouse Tomato Production with
Biorational Products and Fungicides
F- Balsal-Gurel and S.A. tr,Iiller
t79
Preliminary Results on the Effect of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl on Abiotic
Stresses in Tomato: "Blossom End Rot" Control
-1-
l8s
Fanigliulo, O. Mancino, A. Crescenzi and P. Cestari
Control of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease in Tomato
-4. Fanigliulo, A. Viggiano, A. Crescenzi, E. Zingariello,
R.- Liguori and R. Senn
.{,bility of Colored Mulches and Growtubes to Deter Thrips and Reduce
lncidence of Tomato Spotted Wilt
F.G. Foshee III, T.A. Monday, M.J. Kellev, J.L
M. Lollar.
E.K. Blythe, J.F. Murphy and J.E. Brown
t9l
197
Tolerance Response to Clavibacter michiganensls subsp. michiganensis in
Tomato Plants Treated with Selenium
S. Gonzdlez-Morales, R. Castillo-Godina, A. Benavides-Mendoza and
LJ. R[os-Gonzalez
203
Development of an Innovative Multi-Level Knowledge Based Tomato
Disease Factsheets
I{.L. Lewis lvey ond S.A. Miller
211
Evaluation of Disinfectants to Control Mechanical Transmission of Tomato
Viruses and Viroids in Greenhouse Tomatoes
R. Li, S.A. Miller, F. Baysal-Gurel, K.-5. Ling and C.J. Kurowski
221
Effect of Aerobic Compost Tea Inputs and Application Methods on
Protecting Tomato from Phytophthora capsici
R.ll'. Nicol and P. Burlakoti
229
Evaluating the Effect of GreenForce S and GreenForce CuCa Products on
the Severity of Bacterial Spot and Wilt, and Powdery Mildew Diseases on
Tomato
M.L.V. Resende, L.R.R. Vitorino, P.fu(. Ribeiro Jilnior, J.A.G. da Silva,
II.H.L. Renn6 and S.M. Mathioni
Copper Alternatives for Management of Bacterial Spot (Xanthomonas
gardneri) and Bacterial Speck (.Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomalo) in
Processing Tomatoes
235
243
C.L. Tn":eman
A Stimulo-Deterrent Method of Thrips and Tonittto Spotted Wilt Virus
Management in Tomatoes
K.A. Tyler-Julian, J.E. Funderburk, S.lt[. alson, M.L. Paret,
C.G. Webster and S. Adkins
251
Grafting Local Commercial Tomato Cultivars with H-7996 and Eg-203
to Suppress Bacterial Wilt (,Ralstonia solanacearam) in Indonesia
T. Arwivantor'u. S.D. Nurcahvantil. D. [ndradewa2 and J. Widada]
]Labo.dtoryof
'
nlarrrEi6i@
Department of Agronomy
' Department of Agricultural Microbiology
Department of Plant Protection
Faculty of Agriculture
University of Gadjah Mada
Jl Flora No I Bulaksumur
Yogyakarta 55281
Indonesia
Keywords: bacterial wilt, Rqlslonia solanacearum, grafring, disease control
Abstract
Bacterial wilt of tomato (Ralstonia solanqcearun) causes serious losses of
tomato production in Indonesia. Currently, proper cultural practices are the only
way performed by farmers to combat the disease. While this practice could not
effectively prevent infection of R. solanacearum to the plant, efforts have been
sought to help farmers keep their plants away from bacterial wilt. Grafting of
commercial cultivars with available rootstocks is easy to perform and the effectivity
of this method in suppressing tomato bacterial wilt has been reported in many
countries but not in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to find out whether
grafting susceptible commercial cultivars of tomato with resistant rootstocks could
suppress the development of bacterial wilt in Indonesia. The grafting was conducted
in Yogyakarta regiono Indonesia, in 2011 with H-7996 and Eg-203 as rootstocks and
three commercial cultivars of tomato (tPermata', 'Lentana'. and 6Fortunat) as
scions. The results indicated that the rootstocks could afford the existence of
population of pathogen in the stem tissue, exhibit lower disease index compared with
mock grafted and non-grafted plants. The pathogen could be detected in the stem
tissue above soil surface at 21 and 28 days after inoculation in plants grafted rvith
H-7996, but it was detected in non-grafted and in mock grafted plants just in 7 days
after inoculation. At 35 days after inoculatio4 the pathogen population in the ster4
tissue (2 cm above ground; varied from 103 (plairts grafteil ivith ng-ZO:) to 10e
(mock grafted plants and non-grafted plants) cfu/S mm tissue. The grafted plants
exhibited lower disease index, better growth and yield compared with those of mock
grafted and non-grafted plants. The result suggests that grafting commercial
cultivar tomatoes with either H-1996 or Eg-203 could suppress bacterial growth,
bacterial wilt incidence, and enhance fruit production.
INTRODUCTION
Bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is difficult to control
due to genetic variability of the pathogen and lack of durable resistance in plants. Losses
of tomato production due to bacterial wilt varied from a few plants infected in the field to
100%. In Indonesia, it has been reported that the disease could devastate the crops and
cause harvest failure. In Chinese Taipei, the damage caused losses cf l5-55o/o, and in
India l0-100% (Wang and Lin, 2005). In South Carolina, the disease incidence was l50%
with losses from l-15% (Elphinstone,2005). Control ofthe disease has been conducted
primarily by cultural practices such as crop rotation, soil tillage, proper crop management,
and seed treatment. While these practices could not effectively prevent infection of
R. solanacearum to the plant, efforts have been sought to help farmers keep their plants
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Proc. IV'h IS on Tomato Diseases
Eds.: M.L. Paret et al.
Acta Hort. 1069. ISHS 2015
t73
away from bacterial wilt. Grafting !f commercial cultivars with available rootstocks is
wmato bacterial
Daclerlal wilt
ing tomato
metno0 in
ln suppresslng
wllt has
perlbrm and ihe effectivifl
oI this
tnls method
ellcctlvlfy of
easv to perform
easy
been reported in many countries (Burleigh et al.,20051 Fresco,2001; Frank et a1.,2010)
but grafting has not been practiced in Indonesia'
- Th; objective of the present study was to evaluate bacterial w.ilt inci.
lnternational Society for Horticultural Science
Soci6t6 lnternationale de la Science Horticole
rsHs
ACTA HoRTlcuttuRRf@ is a scientifically reviewed publication of ISHS. lnformation about Acta Horticulturae@ and
ISHS is given at the end of this book.
Check out www.actahort.org for details on our latest titles.
Editorial Advisory Board ol Acta Horticulturae@
Yves Desjardins, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant
Science, Horticulture Research Centre, Laval University,
Quebec, Canada, Chair of the Editorial Advisory Board
Jorge Retamales, Universidad de Talca, Escuela de Agronomia,
Talca, Chile
Sadanori Sase, National lnstitute for Rural Engineering,
Tsukuba, Japan
Paolo lnglese, Dipartimento di Colture Arboree, Universitd
degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, ltaly
Y0ksel T0zel, Department of Horticulture, Agriculture Faculty,
Ege University, lzmir, Turkey
Julian Heyes, institute of Food, Nutrition & Human Health,
Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Janet Cubey, Science Department, Royal Horticultural Society,
Wisley, United Kingdom
lsaac Ore Aiyelaagbe, Department of Horticulture, University
ol Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Executive Director ol ISHS
lr. J. Van Assche
Secretariat of ISHS
PO Box 500
3001 Leuven 1
Belgium
Phone:
Fax:
E-mail:
+32.16.2?9427
+32.16.2294 50
info@ishs.org
lnternet: www.ishs,org
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
IVth INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM
ON
TOMATO DISEASES
Convener
M.L. Paret
Orlando, Florida, USA
June 24-27,2013
ISHS Section Vegetables
ISHS Commission Plant Protection
ISHS Working Group Tomato Diseases
Acta Horticulturae 1069
February 2015
ISSN 0567-7572
ISBN 97S 94 6261059 0, Acta Horticulturae n". 1069
Price for non-members of ISHS: € 86,Published by ISHS, February 2015
Executive Director of ISHS: J. Van Assche
Technical Processing: S. Franssens
ISHS Secretariat, PO Box 500,3001 Leuven 1, Belgium
Printed by Drukkerij Geers, Eekhoutdriesstraat 67, 8-9041 Gent (Oostakker), Belgium
o2ttt5 by the Intemational Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS). All rights reserved. No part ofthis book
may be reproduced and/or published in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, microfilm and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written
permission from the publishers.
Photographs on the front cover:
l.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2
Spring 2012Bs2 trial at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida canied
out by John W. Scott. Trial entry on the left is tomato hybrid Fla-8314 containing the pepper Bs2 gene,
conferring Xanthomonas-resistance. The entry on the right is a susceptible tine, VF36. Bacterial spot
disease is evident on VF36 plants as defoliation and reduced fruit set. In this and numerous other trials,
Bs2-containing plants have negligible defoliation and typically show a doubling ofyields. (by courtesy
of D. Horvath, Two Blades Foundation).
Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solancearum leading to severe wilting of the plants (by
courtesy of M. Paret, University of Florida).
Target spot disease caused by Corynespora cassiicola causing large cracks on tomato fruit (by courtesy
of M. Paret, University of Florida).
Tomato spotted wilt vla.r affecting tomato fiuit (by courtesy of M. Paret, University of Florida).
Bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas perforans causing leaf spots on tomato (by courtesy of M. Paret,
University of Florida).
Fresh market tomato production in North Florida (by courtesy of M. Paret, University of Florida).
Editors
M.L. Paret
Department of Plant Pathologt/NFREC, University of Florida, USA
G.E. Vallad
Department of Plant Pathologt/GcREc, University of Florida, ()SA
S. Zhang
Department of Plant Pathologt/TREC, University of Florida, USA
J.B. Jones
IJniversity of Florida, USA
Editorial Board
A. Crescenzi, Chair of the ISHS Working Group on Tomato Diseases, Universi4t of
Basilicata, Italy
S. Miller, The Ohio State University, USA
Jaw-Fen Wang, AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center, Chinese Taipei
J.B. Jones, University of Florida, USA
A.M. Alvarez, University of Hawaii, USA
J. Scott, University of Florida, USA
M.A. Al-Saleh, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
S.M. Olson, University of Florida, USA
Tao Zhou, China Agricultural Universitl,, China
P.D. Roberts, SWFREC, University of Florida, USA
D. Shteinberg, Ministry of Agricultttre and Rural De;-elopment, Israel
T. Momol, Departmenl of Plant Pathologt, University of Florida, USA
J. Freeman, Virginia Tech, USA
G. Hoyos, Envirologix Inc., USA
S. Adkins, USDA-ARS, USDA
LIST OF CONTENTS
Preface
6
List of Contents
List of Authors
List of Participants
'7
l3
l5
Host-Pathogen Interaction
Plant-Pathogen-Symbiont Interactions in the Tomato Phyllosphere
N. Potnis, A.H.C. van Bruggen, J.B. Jones, K. Cowles and J.D. Barak
23
Multilocus Sequence Analysis of a Worldwide Collection of Xanthomonas
Strains, Causing Bacterial Leaf Spot
S. Timilsina, J.B. Jones, N. Potnis, E. Goss, G.V. Minsavage, J.C. Hong,
G.E. Vallad and M. Kebede
Using Proteomics and Genomics to Search for Low Temperature Virulence
Factors in Ralstonia solanacearum
A.M. Bocsanczy, D.J. Norman, J.C. Huguet-Tapia.
U. Achenbach and A. Mangravita-Novo
33
The Genetic Determinants of Symptoms Induction by Pepino Mosaic Virus
in Tomato
B. I{asi6w-Jaroszewska, J. Minicka, N. Borodynko and H. Pospieszny
39
Tomato Breeding for Disease Resistance
The Pepper BsZ Gene Confers Effective Field Resistarlce to Bacteriai Leaf
Spot and Yield Enhancement in Florida Tomatoes
D.M. Horvath, M.H. Pauly, S.F. Hutton, G.E. l'allad, J.l|r. Scott, J.B. Jones,
R.E. Stall, D. Dahlbeck, B.J. Staskawicz, D. Tricoli and A.V. Deynze
Identification of Tomato Bacterial Spot Race Tl,T2, T3, T4, and
Xanthomonas gardneri Resistance QTLs Derived from PI I14490
Populations Selected for Race T4
J.ll. Scott, S.F. Hutton, R. Shekasteband, S.C. Sim and D.M. Francis
41
53
Combinations of ?'y Resistance Genes Generally Provide More Effective
Control against Begomoviruses than Do Single Genes
S.F. Hutton, J.L/. Scou, R. Shekasteband,I. Levin and M. Lapidot
59
Screening Cultivated and Wild Tomato Germplasm for Resistance to
Xanthomonas gardneri
D. Liabeu.f, D.M. Francis and S.C. Sim
65
Selection for Resistanceto Sclerotium rolfsii in Accessions of Solanum
lycopersicum var. cerasiforne in Westcrn Mexico
J.L. Martinez-Ramirez, E.R. Guzman, C.M. Duran-Marlinez, J.V. Navaruo,
E.L. Alcocer and G.C. Abascal
Interaction between Fusarium Wilt Resistance Genes in Tomato and
Fusarium orysporum f- sp. lycopersrci Races 1 and 2
M. Niederheitmann, J. Gonqalves, A. Mat, T. Bentley and J. Green
7t
-l'7
i
Gaafting Local Commercial Tomato Cultivars with H-7996 and Eg-203 to
9rypress Bacterial W llt (Ra I s t o n i a s o I anac e aru m) in Indonesia
T. Antiyanto, S.D. Nurcahyanti, D. Indradewa and J. ytridada
Management of Powdery Mildew in Greenhouse Tomato Production with
Biorational Products and Fungicides
F- Balsal-Gurel and S.A. tr,Iiller
t79
Preliminary Results on the Effect of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl on Abiotic
Stresses in Tomato: "Blossom End Rot" Control
-1-
l8s
Fanigliulo, O. Mancino, A. Crescenzi and P. Cestari
Control of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease in Tomato
-4. Fanigliulo, A. Viggiano, A. Crescenzi, E. Zingariello,
R.- Liguori and R. Senn
.{,bility of Colored Mulches and Growtubes to Deter Thrips and Reduce
lncidence of Tomato Spotted Wilt
F.G. Foshee III, T.A. Monday, M.J. Kellev, J.L
M. Lollar.
E.K. Blythe, J.F. Murphy and J.E. Brown
t9l
197
Tolerance Response to Clavibacter michiganensls subsp. michiganensis in
Tomato Plants Treated with Selenium
S. Gonzdlez-Morales, R. Castillo-Godina, A. Benavides-Mendoza and
LJ. R[os-Gonzalez
203
Development of an Innovative Multi-Level Knowledge Based Tomato
Disease Factsheets
I{.L. Lewis lvey ond S.A. Miller
211
Evaluation of Disinfectants to Control Mechanical Transmission of Tomato
Viruses and Viroids in Greenhouse Tomatoes
R. Li, S.A. Miller, F. Baysal-Gurel, K.-5. Ling and C.J. Kurowski
221
Effect of Aerobic Compost Tea Inputs and Application Methods on
Protecting Tomato from Phytophthora capsici
R.ll'. Nicol and P. Burlakoti
229
Evaluating the Effect of GreenForce S and GreenForce CuCa Products on
the Severity of Bacterial Spot and Wilt, and Powdery Mildew Diseases on
Tomato
M.L.V. Resende, L.R.R. Vitorino, P.fu(. Ribeiro Jilnior, J.A.G. da Silva,
II.H.L. Renn6 and S.M. Mathioni
Copper Alternatives for Management of Bacterial Spot (Xanthomonas
gardneri) and Bacterial Speck (.Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomalo) in
Processing Tomatoes
235
243
C.L. Tn":eman
A Stimulo-Deterrent Method of Thrips and Tonittto Spotted Wilt Virus
Management in Tomatoes
K.A. Tyler-Julian, J.E. Funderburk, S.lt[. alson, M.L. Paret,
C.G. Webster and S. Adkins
251
Grafting Local Commercial Tomato Cultivars with H-7996 and Eg-203
to Suppress Bacterial Wilt (,Ralstonia solanacearam) in Indonesia
T. Arwivantor'u. S.D. Nurcahvantil. D. [ndradewa2 and J. Widada]
]Labo.dtoryof
'
nlarrrEi6i@
Department of Agronomy
' Department of Agricultural Microbiology
Department of Plant Protection
Faculty of Agriculture
University of Gadjah Mada
Jl Flora No I Bulaksumur
Yogyakarta 55281
Indonesia
Keywords: bacterial wilt, Rqlslonia solanacearum, grafring, disease control
Abstract
Bacterial wilt of tomato (Ralstonia solanqcearun) causes serious losses of
tomato production in Indonesia. Currently, proper cultural practices are the only
way performed by farmers to combat the disease. While this practice could not
effectively prevent infection of R. solanacearum to the plant, efforts have been
sought to help farmers keep their plants away from bacterial wilt. Grafting of
commercial cultivars with available rootstocks is easy to perform and the effectivity
of this method in suppressing tomato bacterial wilt has been reported in many
countries but not in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to find out whether
grafting susceptible commercial cultivars of tomato with resistant rootstocks could
suppress the development of bacterial wilt in Indonesia. The grafting was conducted
in Yogyakarta regiono Indonesia, in 2011 with H-7996 and Eg-203 as rootstocks and
three commercial cultivars of tomato (tPermata', 'Lentana'. and 6Fortunat) as
scions. The results indicated that the rootstocks could afford the existence of
population of pathogen in the stem tissue, exhibit lower disease index compared with
mock grafted and non-grafted plants. The pathogen could be detected in the stem
tissue above soil surface at 21 and 28 days after inoculation in plants grafted rvith
H-7996, but it was detected in non-grafted and in mock grafted plants just in 7 days
after inoculation. At 35 days after inoculatio4 the pathogen population in the ster4
tissue (2 cm above ground; varied from 103 (plairts grafteil ivith ng-ZO:) to 10e
(mock grafted plants and non-grafted plants) cfu/S mm tissue. The grafted plants
exhibited lower disease index, better growth and yield compared with those of mock
grafted and non-grafted plants. The result suggests that grafting commercial
cultivar tomatoes with either H-1996 or Eg-203 could suppress bacterial growth,
bacterial wilt incidence, and enhance fruit production.
INTRODUCTION
Bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is difficult to control
due to genetic variability of the pathogen and lack of durable resistance in plants. Losses
of tomato production due to bacterial wilt varied from a few plants infected in the field to
100%. In Indonesia, it has been reported that the disease could devastate the crops and
cause harvest failure. In Chinese Taipei, the damage caused losses cf l5-55o/o, and in
India l0-100% (Wang and Lin, 2005). In South Carolina, the disease incidence was l50%
with losses from l-15% (Elphinstone,2005). Control ofthe disease has been conducted
primarily by cultural practices such as crop rotation, soil tillage, proper crop management,
and seed treatment. While these practices could not effectively prevent infection of
R. solanacearum to the plant, efforts have been sought to help farmers keep their plants
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Proc. IV'h IS on Tomato Diseases
Eds.: M.L. Paret et al.
Acta Hort. 1069. ISHS 2015
t73
away from bacterial wilt. Grafting !f commercial cultivars with available rootstocks is
wmato bacterial
Daclerlal wilt
ing tomato
metno0 in
ln suppresslng
wllt has
perlbrm and ihe effectivifl
oI this
tnls method
ellcctlvlfy of
easv to perform
easy
been reported in many countries (Burleigh et al.,20051 Fresco,2001; Frank et a1.,2010)
but grafting has not been practiced in Indonesia'
- Th; objective of the present study was to evaluate bacterial w.ilt inci.