Conclusions Directory UMM :Data Elmu:jurnal:A:Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment:Vol79.Issue1.Jun2000:

52 Z. Woldu, M.A. Mohammed Saleem Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 79 2000 43–52

5. Conclusions

This research has made it possible to obtain the temporal variations within the manure seed bank and comparison of the data with those of the natural grassland. The role of livestock in grasslands may be viewed as important agents in maintaining landscape and species diversity and this can be realized if efforts are made to keep the stocking rate within the limits of the carrying capacity of the grazing areas. Further study on carrying capacity of the natural grasslands, improved methods of producing more livestock feed and detailed experiments on some important species in manure seed bank will complement the findings in this research. References Almeida, M.D., 1954. Some Records of Ethiopia 1593–1664 — C.P. Bekingham and C.W.B. Huntingford translation and edition. The University Press, Glasgow. Alvarez, F., 1970. Portuguese Embassy to Abyssinia during the years 1520–1527 — Lord Stanley of Adlerley translation and edition. Burt Franklin Publisher, NY. Forman, R.T., Gordon, M., 1986. Landscape Ecology. Wiley, NY, Chichester, Brisbone, Toronto, Singapore. Gamachu, D., 1977. Aspects of climate and water budget in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa University Press, Addis Ababa. Harris, L.D., 1984. Habitat fragmentation. In: Meffe, K.G., Carrol, C.R. et al. Eds., Principles of Conservastion Biology. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Saunderland, MA, pp. 237–258. Janzen, D.H., 1982a. Differential seed survival and passage rates in cows and horses, surrogate pleistocene dispersal agents. Oikos 38, 150–156. Janzen, D.H., 1982b. Removal of seeds from tropical rodents: influence of habitat and amount of dung. Ecology 63, 1887– 1900. Mengistu A., 1997. Conservation Based Forage Development for Ethiopia. Self Help Development International Institute for sustainable Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Mwendera, E.J., Mohame Saleem, M.A., Zerihun, W., 1997. Vegetation response to cattle grazing in the Ethiopian highlands. Agric. Ecosystem Environ. 64, 43–51. Orloci, L., 1978. Multivariate Analysis in Vegetation Research, 2nd Edition. Junk, The Hague. Pichi Sermoli, R.C.E., 1957. Una carta geobotanica dell’ Africa Orientale, Etiopia, Eritrea ed Somalia. Webbia 13, 15–132. Stroud, A., Parker, C., 1989. A weed identification guide for Ethiopia. TCPETH4532, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Woldu, Z., 1986. Grassland communities on the central plateau of Ethiopia. Vegetatio 67, 3–16.