Responsive attendance system based on thumb scanning.
RESPONSIVE ATTENDANCE SYSTEM BASED ON THUMB SCANNING
BONG YU JING
This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award
of
Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Industrial Electronics)
With Honours
Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka ,
JUNE 2013
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
UNIVERSTJ TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONlK DA
KEJURUTERAA
KOMPUTER
BO RANG PENGESAHAN STA T VS LA PO RAN
PROJEK SARJANA MUDA II
RESPONSIVE A TTE DANCE SYSTEM B ASED 0
SCANNING
Tajuk Projek
Sesi
Pengajian
2
THUMB
3
Saya BO G YU JJNG
mengaku m e mbenarkan Laporan Projek Sarjana M uda ini disimpan di Perpustakaan dengan syaratsyarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
I.
Laporan adalah hakmi lik U ni versiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
2.
Pe rpustakaan dibenarkan m embuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja.
3.
Perpustakaan dibenarkan m embu at salinan Iaporan ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi
pengaj ian tinggi .
4.
'1 ) :
Sila tandakan (
D
D
0
SULIT*
*(Mengandungi makl umat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau
kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA
RAHSIA RASMI 1972)
TERHAD**
**(Mengandungi maklumat terhad yang telah ditentukan oleh
organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)
TIDAK TERHAD
ｄｩｳｾｫ｡ｮ＠
ｾﾷ＠
(TANDATANGA
.
Ｏｾ＠ foe. ｾＰＱＮＳ＠
Tankh: .. ... / ..•.. ..Ｏｾ＠
PENULIS )
(C
.........
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
oleh:
"I hereby declare that this report is the result of my own work except for quotes as
cited in the references."
ｾＮ＠
Signature
..... .............. .. ........... ...... ....... ....
Name
: .... ｾｑｎｇＮ＠
Date
13 fl... JutJE .2.013
.... ................ ............ ........ .........
:DJ. J.™Q ........ ...... ........ .
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
"I hereby declare that I have read this project report and in my own opinion this
project report is sufficient in terms of the scope and quality for the award of Bachelor
of Electronic Engineering (Industrial Electronic) With Honors."
....
ｾ＠
.. . . . . ..... .
Signature
:
Name
. ENGR
.. ....... .............
BTE.....
ANAS
...
...... .....
.. .. .... ...... ... ...
Date
:...... ｬｾＯｮＮＶｦ＠
ｾＭＺﾷ＠ ｾ＠
ｾ＠
.................................
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
Lovingly dedicated to my
beloved family and friends
For being a
constant source of Inspiration and Support.
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to express my upmost gratitude towards
those who have contributed in the completion of this project.
First and foremost , I would like to thank my helpful supervisors, Engr Siti
Aisyah bte Anas and Engr. Ranjit Singh Sarban Singh. They have given me
wonderful supervision and support which truly aided in the smooth progression in
the completion of this project. The encouragement and guidance given by them is
much appreciated as without I would not be where I am today.
Not to be forgotten, I would like to thank my family for their support and
motivation which allows me stays for more days to complete the project. Without
their kind support and encouragement, the completion of this final year project is not
possible.
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
vii
ABSTRAK
Tujuan projek ini dilaksanakan untuk mereka bentuk dan membangunkan
sistem kehadiran pelajar untuk pelajar pasca siswazah sebagai Pembantu Penyelidik
Siswazah (GRA). Sistem ini akan menggunakan cap jari sebagai subjek untuk
merekodkan kehadiran pelajar. Semua maklumat akan direkodkan ke dalam aplikasi
pangkalan data dan boleh dipantau oleh penyelia individu masing-masing. Dengan
adanya sistem m1, secara langsungnya ia akan meningkatkan kecekapan pelajar
lepasan ijazah dan akan membantu penyelia untuk memantau kemajuan pelajar.
Selain daripada itu, sistem ini juga dapat mengesan pelajar yang hadir lewat dan
secara automatiknya sistem ini akan menghantar emel kepada penyelia yang
bertanggungjawab terhadap pelajar tersebut. Sistem yang dicipta ini juga merupakan
satu sistem yang mudah alih, ini bermakna pengguna dapat membawa peranti ini ke
dalam kelas untuk menggantikan kertas kehadiran biasa. Sistem ini boleh digunakan
dalam organisasi yang memerlukan pengurusan kehadiran pelajar atau pekerja.
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
viii
ABSTRACT
The motivation fo r this project is to design and develop a responsive attendance
system based on thumb scanning for postgraduate students during their appointment
as Graduate Research Assistant (GRA). The development of this system is using the
thumb print scanning as platform for attendance recording into the system.
The
system functions to record all the incoming and outgoing activities. All infonnation is
recorded into a database application and can be monitored by the respective
individual supervisor. Development of this system increases the efficiency of the
postgraduate student and helps the supervisor to monitor the student's progress. Apart
from that, this system also able to detect the late attendance and intennittently sends a
notification to the respective candidate. Also, the respective candidate is required to
update his or her status by just sending an update notification to the system. Besides,
this system is portable, which mean lecturers are able to carry the device into the
classes. Besides, this developed system is portable, thus lecturers able to bring the
device into the classroom to replace the conventional attendance sheet. This system
can be applied in any organizations that need attendance management.
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER
PAGE
PROJECT TITLE
I
II
VERICATION FORM
ii
DECLARATION
iii
DEDICATION
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
vi
ABSTRAK
vii
ABSTRACT
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
xi
LIST OFTABLE
xii
LIST OF FIGURE
xiii
LIST OF APPENDIX
xv
INTRODUCTION
1
I. 1
Introduction
1.2
Objective
2
1.3
Problem Statement
2
1.4
Scope of Work
3
1.5
Project Planning
5
LITERATURE REVIEW
8
2.1
Existing Attendance System
8
2.1. 1
Manual Attendance Taking System
8
2.1.2
Time Clock Attendance Taking System
9
2.1.3
Barcode Attendance Taking System
9
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
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2.1.4
Magnetic Stripe Attendance Taking System
10
2.1 .5
Smart Card Attendance Taking System
10
2.1.6
Radio Frequency Identification Attendance
11
Taking System
2.1.7
IV
12
2.2
Comparison between Existing Attendance Systems
13
2.3
Fingerprint Processing Process
13
2.3 .1
Capturing of Fingerprint Image
15
2.3.2
Preprocessing of Fingerprint Image
18
2.3.3
Recognition of Minutiae
19
2.3.4
Post Processing of Minutiae
20
2.3.3
Matching of Minutiae
20
2.4
III
Biometric Attendance Taking System
Structured Query Language
21
METHODOLOGY
23
3.0
System Overview
23
3.1
System Operation
24
3.2
Thumbprint Modules Comparison
28
3.3
Expected Result
29
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
34
4.0
Overview
34
4.1
Hardware
34
4.2
Software
40
4.2.1
40
Responsive Attendance System Graphic User
Interface
4.2.2
Data Transfer Graphic User Interface
45
4.2.3
Database
45
4.2.4
Email
46
4.2.5
Analysis
47
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v
CONCLUSION
49
5.1
Conclusion
49
5.2
Future Recommendation
49
5.2.1
Web-based Monitoring System
50
5.2.2
Storage Capacity of the Standalone Device
50
5.2.3
Statistical Report
50
5.2.4
Rechargeable Battery
51
REFERENCES
52
APPENDIX A
55
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
xi i
LIST OFT ABLE
TABLE 2 . 1 C OMPAR ISON TABLE OF EX ISTING A TIENDA CE SYSTEMS I
TERM OF CO VENIE CE, TIME
CONS UMPTION, ACC URACY AND RELIABILITY .. ..... . .. .... ....... ... .. ..... . .. .. .... .... .. ... .... .... ....... ..... .. .. ... .. .. 13
TABLE 3 . 1 C OMPAR ISON T AB L E B ETW EEN PR29 AND FS84 .... .... ... ...... .. .. ....... .. .... ....... .. ........ ..... .... ..... .. 29
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
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LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE I . I BLOCK D IAGRAM OF TH E OVERALL SYSTEM ·s TECH ' ICA L STRUCTURE ...... ........... ............ .... 5
FJGURE 1.2 FLOWCHART OF PROJECT METHODOLOGY ... .................. .... ... ... .. ..... ...... .... . ............ ..... .. .... ..... 7
FIGURE 2.1 IMAGE OF A Fl GERPRINT WITH ITS IMPORTANT FEATURES [22) ..................................... .. .... 14
FIGURE 2.2 DIAGRAM SHOWING THE DIFFERENT BETWEE
RIDGE A D FUR ROW [24) . .... ...... ....... .. .... .. ... 14
FIGURE 2.3 MIN UTIA E POINTS [22) . ....................... ....... .. .... ....... ....................... .. ...................... .. ... .. ....... 14
FIGURE 2.4 OPERATION OF THE FRUSTRATED T OTAL INTER AL REFLECTJON SENSOR [26) .... ............... 15
FIGURE 2.5 OPERAT IO
OF FTI R WITH A SHEET PRISM [26) . .. .. ............................ .. .... ........ .. .. .... ............. 16
FIGURE 2 .6 0PERATIO
OF CAPACITIVE SENSOR [26). ....... ... ..... ... .. ..... .... ...... ....... .. ... . .. ... ... ......... . .......... 16
FIGURE 2.7 OPERA T IO
OF ULTRASOUND S ENSOR [26) ...... ..... ........... .. ............. .... .............................. ... 17
FIGURE 2.8 PR EPROCESS I G OF FINGERPRI T I MAG E ............. ..... ..... .. .. .. .. ..... ... ... . ...... ........ .. .. .. .. .... .. ...... 18
FIGURE 2.9 SPURIOUS MINUTIAE STRUCTURE ........ ....................... .. ..... . ... ..... .... ... .. .. .... ... ............. .. ... ..... 20
FIGURE 2.10 R ELAT IONSHIP BETWEE
APPLICATIONS, DATABASE MANAGEME T SYSTEM (DBMS) A D
DATABAS E ... .... .. .. .................. ..... ........................................... ... ..... .. ... . ..... ..... ...... .... ..... . ... ............. 21
FIGURE 3.1 BLOC K DIAGRAM OF THE OVERALL SYSTEM ..... ....... .... .. ..... ... .. ........ .. ... ... ..... .. ......... .. ........ . 23
FIGURE 3.2 FLOWCHART OF THE OVERALL SYSTEM . ............. ......... ... ..... ........ . .... .. .. .. ..... ......... ...... .. .. ...... 24
FJGURE 3.3 FLOWCHART OF THE USER MODE SUBSYSTEM ... ..... .... ........ .. ..... ... .......... .. ..... ... ... ........ ... ...... .25
FIGURE 3 .4 FLOWCHART OF ADM IN MOD E SUBSYSTEM . ............. ... .... ..... ....... .. ... . .... ......... .... .. ....... ..... ..... 26
FIGURE 3.5 FLOWCHART OF ADMIN MOD E SUBSYSTEM PART 2 ........... ......... .... ...... ... .. ..... ... ....... ... .. ... ..... 27
FIGURE 3.6 EXTER AL VIEW OF T H E HARDWAR E PART . ... .......... ...... ........... ... .. ..... ........ .. .... .... .... .. ... .. ..... 30
FIGURE 3.7 EXTER AL VIEW OFTl-IE HARDWARE PART
wrrn CAS ING .......... ... ............ ......... ......... .. ... ..... 30
FIG RE 3.8 PLA fNED INTERNAL V IEW OF T HE HARDWARE PART .................... ... .... .. .... ..... ..... ..... . ......... . .30
FIGURE 3.9 HOMEPAGE OF THE USER I TERFACE (VERS ION I ) ................................................... ........ ... 31
FIGURE 3.10 R EG ISTER PAGE OF THE USER I NTERFACE (V ERS ION I) .. ......... ............................... ... ....... ..31
FIGURE3.1 I DIR ECTED REG ISTER PAG E OF TH E USER I 'TERFACE(VERS ION I) .. ... .. ....... .............. .. ... .. .. 31
FIGURE 3. 12 SETTING PAGE OF THE US ER I NTERFACE (VERS ION I) . .. .. ...... ... ............ .. ...... ....... ............ ... 32
FIGURE 3.13 SEARCH PAGE OF T H E US ER I NTERFACE (VERS ION I ) ............... .... ... ... ..................... ... ... ..... 32
FIGURE 3.14 I NDIVIDUA L ·s ATT EN DANCE (VERSJON I ) ................................ ... ....................... . ............ ... 33
FIGURE 3 . 15 ATTENDAN CE OF THE STUDENTS BY D ATE (VERS ION I ) ... ...... .............. ...... ....................... 33
FIGURE 4 . 1 SCHEMAT IC DIAGRAM FOR POWER SUPPLY P ART . ... ................ .. . ..ｾ＠ .... ... .. ... .... .... ....... .. .... ..... 35
FIGURE 4 .2 SCHEMAT IC D IAGRAM FOR MICROCO TROLLER P ART ..... .. ............. ..... .. .. ..................... ... .... 35
FIGURE 4 .3 SCHEMAT IC D IAGRAM FOR LCD P ART ............... ................ ......................... ........ .......... ...... . 36
FIGURE 4.4 SCH EMAT IC D IAGRAM FOR H ARDWARE A D SOFTWAR E UAR T PART ... ..... ... .... ............... ..36
FIGURE 4 .5 HARDWAR E B LOCK DIA GRAM .... ... .. ... . .. ....... . .. .............. .... .. .... ... ... .... ... .. .... .. .. .. ............ .... .... 37
FIG URE 4 .6 HARDWARE INTERFACE WITH THUMBPR INT M ODULE AND PERSO A L COMPUTER ..... .... .. ... .. 37
FIGURE 4 .7 ACTUAL H ARDWAR E M ODU LES ... ...... ...... .... ..... .. .. .......... . ....... . ..... ..... ................... ....... ..... . .. 37
FIGURE 4.8 PCB LAYOUT ............. ..... ... .. .... ..... ........ ....... ....... ........ . .. ... .. ... .... .. .. ... .... .... ... .... ....... . ..... . ... ... 38
FIGURE 4.9 PCB CIRCU IT B OARD .... ..... ... .... ... .......... .. ..... .... .... .. .......... .... ....... ... .. . ...... ........ ........ ............ 38
FIGURE4.IOPRODUCTOFVERS IO
I
1 . .... ... . .............. .............. ... .... .. .. .......... . .. ... .. .. . ..... .. . .. .. ................... . 39
FIGURE 4 . 11 OPERAT IONS OF MODE SWJTCHES .. ... .. .... .. ... .. ...... .... .. . ..... .................. ... .... ....... .. ... .... ......... 39
FIGURE4.12 F I AL H ARDWARE PICTURE .................. .. .................. ... ....... ....... ... ....... .. ..... .. ... .. ............ ... .40
FIGURE4.13 L OG IN P AGE .. .. .. .............. .. .......... .......................... ... .... ... ... .... .. ... ... .. .. ........ .... .. ... .. ... ........ . .41
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
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FIGURE 4.14 H OME PAGE ................. .... .... ................. ... ... ... ..... .. ........ ....... ... .. .... .............................. ....... .41
FIGURE 4.15 ADD/DELETE/ ED IT USER PAGE ...... .. .. ... .. ...... .......... ...... .... ......... .......... .......... .................... 42
FIGURE 4.16 ATTE DANCE M ARKI G PAGE ....... ...... .. ...... .. .. .. ..... .......... .. ...... ... ... ......................... .......... 42
FIGURE4.17ATTE1 DANCEV IE WI G PAGE ................ . ........ ......... ... ......... ........ ....... .......... .. ........... ........ 43
FIGVRE4. 18 STATISTICA LATT E 'DANCE VCEWJ G P AGE ......................... .... ........ .. ................................ 43
FIGURE 4.19 CLOCK IN/ OUT SETTING TIM E......... ... ..... .............. .... .................... .... ........ .... ....... .... .......... .44
FIGURE 4.20 USERIADMJN M ODE SETTI G PAGE .. ..................... .. ..... ................... .... .. .... ..... .. ... ............. .44
FIGURE4.21 RAS D ATA TRANSFER SYSTEM GUI ............. .. ......... .. ............ ..... ..................... .. .. ....... ...... .45
FIGVRE4.22 STUDENTS ' D ETA ILS D ATABASE ... ............. ...... ..... ...... .... .. ...... .. .... .. ..................... ..... .. ..... . .45
FIGURE 4 .23 ATTENDANCE RECORD D ATABASE .. ......... .. ........... .... ... ........ .... ....... .... ................. ... ...... .... .46
FIGURE4 .24 LATE N OTJF ICATIO
EMACL ........ .. .. .... .... ... .............. .............. ............... .. ............ ..... ...... .... 46
F IGURE 4 .25 ABSENTNOTfflCATION EMAIL ............ .... .... ................ .......... ............... .... ...... ... ..... ..... ....... 46
FIGURE 4 .26 M O THL YA TTENDANCE R EPORT ........... ..... ..... ... ........ ...... ... .......... .................................. .47
FIGVRE4.27 R ESULT OF FI GER I DENTCFICATION TEST .... .. ...... .... .. ... .. .... ....................... ........... .... ........ .47
FIGURE4 .28 R ESULT OF E VCR ONM ENTTEST .................. ........ ... ..... .... .. ... .... ..... .................................. .48
FIGURE A
FINGERPRINT P ROSESSING STEP . ... ................ .. ......... .. ........ ... .......... ... ..................... ...... ..... 55
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
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LIST OF APPENDIX
APPENDIX A FINGERPR INT PR OCESS ING ST EP ........ . ... ............ ... ..... .... ..... .... ..... . .......... ..... ............. .. ....... 55
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction
The motivation for this project is to design and develop a responsive
attendance system based on thumb scanning for postgraduate students during their
appointment as Graduate Research Assistant (GRA). Currently there is no attendance
recording practice is restricted to the postgraduate students. The development of this
system uses the thumb print scanning as attendance recording into the developed
system. The developed system functions to record all the incoming and outgoing
activities. All information is recorded into a database application and can be
monitored by the respective individual supervisor. Development of this system
increases the efficiency of the postgraduate student and helps respective supervisor to
monitor the student's progress. Apart from that, this system also able to detect the late
attendance and intermittently will send a notification to the respective person. Also,
the respective person will have to update his or her status by just sending a
notification to the system. Besides, this developed system is portable, thus lecturers
able to bring the device into the classroom to replace the conventional attendance
sheet.
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
2
1.2
Objective
The objective of this project is to design and develop a responsive attendance
system based on thumb scanning for postgraduate students. Hence it will improve the
self-responsibility awareness among the postgraduate students. By using this
developed attendance system, there will be no more cards needed, no more paperwork
needed, hence no more hassle! In the end, this system is able to improve the
attendance recording system for postgraduate students and at the same time increase
the awareness of self-responsibility among postgraduate students.
1.3
Problem Statement
Employee absenteeism is a worldwide phenomenon which, due to the
financial impact on a nation ' s economy, is an important subject on the international
agenda. Absenteeism according to Collins English Dictionary, defines as persistent
absence from work, school, etc. In most of the institutions, the attendance is an
important factor for several purposes and important principles to be follow by the
students or even organization employees. Decreasing the amounts of student
absenteeism is an aim of any schools and school systems.
The worker, who is hired, is expected to perform a job and attend to work
regularly, so that the scheduled work projects can be carried out successfully. All
workers are expected to create working environment that are conducive to good
attendance [ 1]. However, due to the intrinsic factors such as interest, motivation,
learning styles and preferences, and extrinsic factors such as socio-economic
considerations, family commitments, and task deadlines [2] the attendance of the
students that are appointed as Graduate Research Assistant (GRA) are not as good as
expected.
According to Yasmin Khan based on her Punch Card Attendance Monitoring
System Feasibility Report, she stated that the pervious approach which is manually
taking and monitoring the attendance records was very inconvenient task, as users
need to record their attendance on the log book daily [3].
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
Manual attendance
3
checking is one of the oldest methods to record the attendance, but it is a hard process
to carry out during the attendance which gets more time consuming [3]. Manual
attendance record book will result in late compilation of attendance data because of
collecting and compiling process needs to be done by each supervisor [3]. Then the
total attendance record has to be entered into a computerized system manually.
Mismanagement may occur due to human error. It increases the pay roll processing
time and one of the major reasons is that it lacks security [3].
Later, another approach which is to record the attendance using card punching,
was introduced to solve time consuming issue for the manual attendance record book
system. However, this card punching system leads to other problems [3], which are
the reliability of the system and the troublesomeness of carrying the card. Buddy
punching is the act where one person clocks into the payroll system using another
person ' s card, creating it look as that a person, who did not actually come to work, is
in fact worked for the full period of their shift [4].
1.4
Scope of Work
1.4.1
Deliverables
The designs and developments of this Responsive Attendance System Based
on Thumb Scanning are divided into two parts, which is external deliverables and
internal deliverable.
1.4.1.1 External deliverables
The external deliverables are elements which are touchable or seeable that
produced at the end of this project. The external deliverables of this project consist of
the Thumbprint Scanner, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and Graphical User Interface
(GUI). Thumbprint Scanner is resumed to obtain the thumbprint with the aim of
recording the attendance of the respective registered user. Whereas LCD functions as
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
4
an indicator to inform the user about the status of the overall system. While Graphical
User Interface is to allows the user to access to the database.
1.4.1.2 Internal deliverable
The internal deliverable in this imposed project is the database. Database is
required in order to allow the system to store the data of the respective required users
such as their respective attendance. These data can be fetched and executed in the
user interface.
1.4.2
Functionalities
The proposed Responsive Attendance System Based on Thumb Scanning will
operates according to as following:
1.
Users able to record their attendance efficiently.
11.
Supervisor will be instantly being notified through email for the
student' s attendance status.
n1.
Increase the accuracy, reliability and the security of the attendance
system.
1v.
v.
Time and cost saving.
Improve the self-responsibility awareness among the postgraduate
students.
1.4.3
Technical Structure
The technical structure of this system is divided into two parts as shown in
Figure 1.1 , which included Hardware (Thumbprint Scanner, microcontroller and LCD
Display) and Software (Database and Graphical User Interface).
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
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Thumbprint
PIC
LCD
Scanner
M icrocontroller
Dis play
Database
User Interface
Figure 1.1: Block Diagram of the Overall System ' s Technical Structure
1.5
Project Planning
There are seven phases of work need to be done in order to complete this
project. The first phase that needs to be settled first is problem statement
identification. The problem faced by the previous approaches [3] included inaccuracy,
time consuming, reliability, and security. The problem statements are reviewed
throughout the project, to make sure the new system created able to solve the problem
facing by the previous approaches [3].
Beside problem statements, the objectives of the project need be determined
first in order to understand the purpose of the project and keep the project on the
correct track. In this project, the objectives is to design and develop responsive
attendance system based on thumb scanning for postgraduate students and improve
the self-responsibility awareness among the postgraduate students.
After the problem statements and the objectives are identified. During Phase
Three, the literature review was done to understand the overall systems that
development. The researches indicated are:
1.
11.
Research on the thumbprint technology and its application.
Research on existing attendance system.
111.
Research on the Structured Query Language (SQL)
1v.
Research on the operation of Visual Basic.
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
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Once the researches are done, Phase Four was continued by getting familiar
with the components. The main components and software required in this project are
Thumbprint Scanner, PIC Microcontroller, Structured Query Language (SQL) and
Microsoft Visual Basic. These components and software need be fully understand
first before it can be integrated together to fonn one system.
During Phase Five, the hardware part of the system was assembled. Then the
project is followed with the development of the software part of the system which
included the Database and the User Interface.
Finally, in the Phase Seven, the hardware and software part of the system is
been integrated and troubleshoot to test the functionality of the system and make sure
the system can perform as expected. The overall project flow is shown in Figure I .2.
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
7
Identify the Problem
Objective
Research and Literature Review
Getting familiar with the Thumbprint Scanner,
Database (Determine its operation)
Hardware Development: Scanner, PIC, PC
Troubleshoot
Not Functioning
Software Development:
Database and user interface
Integrating software and hardware
Troubleshoot
•
Not Functionjng
Analysis the system
Report Writing
Presentation
8
t
Figure 1.2: Flowchart of Project Methodology
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
CHAPTER2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Existing Attendance System
The several kind of attendance systems that are available in the market.
2.1.1
Manual Attendance Taking System
The Manual Attendance Taking System also known as Traditional Attendance
Taking System. This system involves recording the attendance in books or papers [5].
The attendance is taken and maintained by the user. According to Yasmin Khan based
on her Punch Card Attendance Monitoring System Feasibility Report, she stated that
the manually taking and monitoring the attendance records was very inconvenient
task, as users need to record their attendance on the log book daily [3].
Manual
attendance checking is one of the oldest methods to record the attendance, but it is a
hard process to carry out during the attendance which gets more time consuming [3].
Manual attendance record book will result in late compilation of attendance data
because of collecting and compiling process needs to be done by each supervisor [3].
Mismanagement may occur due to human error. It increases the pay roll processing
time and one of the major reasons is that it lacks security [3].
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
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2.1.2
Time Clock Attendance Taking System
On 20th November 1888, the first time clock was invented [6]. Time clocks
also known as punch clock or clock card machine or time stamp. The time clock is
basically a clock with the function of recording the time on an inserted heavy paper
card, which named as timesheet. It is a recording mechanism with typewheels [7].
First, user needs to insert the timesheet into the prepared slot and when the timesheet
mo ve against the typewheels, the mechanism will activated [7] and the clock will
print or stamp the date and time on the timesheet. The time clock increases the
accuracy of the clock in and clock out time of the user. It is more efficient in
recording the time. However, this time clock cause another problem arises, which is
named as overstamping. This problem is when the recorded time is stamped over by
another one. Besides, this system also leads to other problems [3] , which are the
reliability of the system and the usages of paper card. Buddy punching is the act
where one person clocks into the payroll system using another person ' s timesheet,
creating it look as that a person, who did not actually come to work, is in fact worked
for the full period of their shift [4]. Besides, the attendance of the employees is
recorded on the timesheet; if the timesheet is stolen or misplace [8] then the employee
will lost his or her attendance record.
2.1.3
Barcode Attendance Taking System
The barcode attendance taking system use the shape of symbol either in bar,
square, or dots which is difference in term of width as a method of° identification. The
specific sensor will use light beam to strike on the barcode and by measuring the
intensity of the light on the black and white area, the system may able to identify the
represented data or code [9]. This data will then be saves into the database, and it can
be downloads by the administrator for the updating and maintaining purpose [8].
Previously, Dudley, Mitchell, and Susan [1 O] had applied this barcode technology in
the attendance system to record the students' attendance at an event. This barcode
attendance taking system can accurately measure and track the employees ' working
time [8]. The errors made in manual attendance taking system [8] and overstamping
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
BONG YU JING
This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award
of
Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Industrial Electronics)
With Honours
Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka ,
JUNE 2013
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
UNIVERSTJ TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONlK DA
KEJURUTERAA
KOMPUTER
BO RANG PENGESAHAN STA T VS LA PO RAN
PROJEK SARJANA MUDA II
RESPONSIVE A TTE DANCE SYSTEM B ASED 0
SCANNING
Tajuk Projek
Sesi
Pengajian
2
THUMB
3
Saya BO G YU JJNG
mengaku m e mbenarkan Laporan Projek Sarjana M uda ini disimpan di Perpustakaan dengan syaratsyarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
I.
Laporan adalah hakmi lik U ni versiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
2.
Pe rpustakaan dibenarkan m embuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja.
3.
Perpustakaan dibenarkan m embu at salinan Iaporan ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi
pengaj ian tinggi .
4.
'1 ) :
Sila tandakan (
D
D
0
SULIT*
*(Mengandungi makl umat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau
kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA
RAHSIA RASMI 1972)
TERHAD**
**(Mengandungi maklumat terhad yang telah ditentukan oleh
organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)
TIDAK TERHAD
ｄｩｳｾｫ｡ｮ＠
ｾﾷ＠
(TANDATANGA
.
Ｏｾ＠ foe. ｾＰＱＮＳ＠
Tankh: .. ... / ..•.. ..Ｏｾ＠
PENULIS )
(C
.........
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
oleh:
"I hereby declare that this report is the result of my own work except for quotes as
cited in the references."
ｾＮ＠
Signature
..... .............. .. ........... ...... ....... ....
Name
: .... ｾｑｎｇＮ＠
Date
13 fl... JutJE .2.013
.... ................ ............ ........ .........
:DJ. J.™Q ........ ...... ........ .
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
"I hereby declare that I have read this project report and in my own opinion this
project report is sufficient in terms of the scope and quality for the award of Bachelor
of Electronic Engineering (Industrial Electronic) With Honors."
....
ｾ＠
.. . . . . ..... .
Signature
:
Name
. ENGR
.. ....... .............
BTE.....
ANAS
...
...... .....
.. .. .... ...... ... ...
Date
:...... ｬｾＯｮＮＶｦ＠
ｾＭＺﾷ＠ ｾ＠
ｾ＠
.................................
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
Lovingly dedicated to my
beloved family and friends
For being a
constant source of Inspiration and Support.
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to express my upmost gratitude towards
those who have contributed in the completion of this project.
First and foremost , I would like to thank my helpful supervisors, Engr Siti
Aisyah bte Anas and Engr. Ranjit Singh Sarban Singh. They have given me
wonderful supervision and support which truly aided in the smooth progression in
the completion of this project. The encouragement and guidance given by them is
much appreciated as without I would not be where I am today.
Not to be forgotten, I would like to thank my family for their support and
motivation which allows me stays for more days to complete the project. Without
their kind support and encouragement, the completion of this final year project is not
possible.
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
vii
ABSTRAK
Tujuan projek ini dilaksanakan untuk mereka bentuk dan membangunkan
sistem kehadiran pelajar untuk pelajar pasca siswazah sebagai Pembantu Penyelidik
Siswazah (GRA). Sistem ini akan menggunakan cap jari sebagai subjek untuk
merekodkan kehadiran pelajar. Semua maklumat akan direkodkan ke dalam aplikasi
pangkalan data dan boleh dipantau oleh penyelia individu masing-masing. Dengan
adanya sistem m1, secara langsungnya ia akan meningkatkan kecekapan pelajar
lepasan ijazah dan akan membantu penyelia untuk memantau kemajuan pelajar.
Selain daripada itu, sistem ini juga dapat mengesan pelajar yang hadir lewat dan
secara automatiknya sistem ini akan menghantar emel kepada penyelia yang
bertanggungjawab terhadap pelajar tersebut. Sistem yang dicipta ini juga merupakan
satu sistem yang mudah alih, ini bermakna pengguna dapat membawa peranti ini ke
dalam kelas untuk menggantikan kertas kehadiran biasa. Sistem ini boleh digunakan
dalam organisasi yang memerlukan pengurusan kehadiran pelajar atau pekerja.
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
viii
ABSTRACT
The motivation fo r this project is to design and develop a responsive attendance
system based on thumb scanning for postgraduate students during their appointment
as Graduate Research Assistant (GRA). The development of this system is using the
thumb print scanning as platform for attendance recording into the system.
The
system functions to record all the incoming and outgoing activities. All infonnation is
recorded into a database application and can be monitored by the respective
individual supervisor. Development of this system increases the efficiency of the
postgraduate student and helps the supervisor to monitor the student's progress. Apart
from that, this system also able to detect the late attendance and intennittently sends a
notification to the respective candidate. Also, the respective candidate is required to
update his or her status by just sending an update notification to the system. Besides,
this system is portable, which mean lecturers are able to carry the device into the
classes. Besides, this developed system is portable, thus lecturers able to bring the
device into the classroom to replace the conventional attendance sheet. This system
can be applied in any organizations that need attendance management.
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER
PAGE
PROJECT TITLE
I
II
VERICATION FORM
ii
DECLARATION
iii
DEDICATION
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
vi
ABSTRAK
vii
ABSTRACT
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
xi
LIST OFTABLE
xii
LIST OF FIGURE
xiii
LIST OF APPENDIX
xv
INTRODUCTION
1
I. 1
Introduction
1.2
Objective
2
1.3
Problem Statement
2
1.4
Scope of Work
3
1.5
Project Planning
5
LITERATURE REVIEW
8
2.1
Existing Attendance System
8
2.1. 1
Manual Attendance Taking System
8
2.1.2
Time Clock Attendance Taking System
9
2.1.3
Barcode Attendance Taking System
9
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
x
2.1.4
Magnetic Stripe Attendance Taking System
10
2.1 .5
Smart Card Attendance Taking System
10
2.1.6
Radio Frequency Identification Attendance
11
Taking System
2.1.7
IV
12
2.2
Comparison between Existing Attendance Systems
13
2.3
Fingerprint Processing Process
13
2.3 .1
Capturing of Fingerprint Image
15
2.3.2
Preprocessing of Fingerprint Image
18
2.3.3
Recognition of Minutiae
19
2.3.4
Post Processing of Minutiae
20
2.3.3
Matching of Minutiae
20
2.4
III
Biometric Attendance Taking System
Structured Query Language
21
METHODOLOGY
23
3.0
System Overview
23
3.1
System Operation
24
3.2
Thumbprint Modules Comparison
28
3.3
Expected Result
29
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
34
4.0
Overview
34
4.1
Hardware
34
4.2
Software
40
4.2.1
40
Responsive Attendance System Graphic User
Interface
4.2.2
Data Transfer Graphic User Interface
45
4.2.3
Database
45
4.2.4
46
4.2.5
Analysis
47
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
xi
v
CONCLUSION
49
5.1
Conclusion
49
5.2
Future Recommendation
49
5.2.1
Web-based Monitoring System
50
5.2.2
Storage Capacity of the Standalone Device
50
5.2.3
Statistical Report
50
5.2.4
Rechargeable Battery
51
REFERENCES
52
APPENDIX A
55
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
xi i
LIST OFT ABLE
TABLE 2 . 1 C OMPAR ISON TABLE OF EX ISTING A TIENDA CE SYSTEMS I
TERM OF CO VENIE CE, TIME
CONS UMPTION, ACC URACY AND RELIABILITY .. ..... . .. .... ....... ... .. ..... . .. .. .... .... .. ... .... .... ....... ..... .. .. ... .. .. 13
TABLE 3 . 1 C OMPAR ISON T AB L E B ETW EEN PR29 AND FS84 .... .... ... ...... .. .. ....... .. .... ....... .. ........ ..... .... ..... .. 29
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
xiii
LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE I . I BLOCK D IAGRAM OF TH E OVERALL SYSTEM ·s TECH ' ICA L STRUCTURE ...... ........... ............ .... 5
FJGURE 1.2 FLOWCHART OF PROJECT METHODOLOGY ... .................. .... ... ... .. ..... ...... .... . ............ ..... .. .... ..... 7
FIGURE 2.1 IMAGE OF A Fl GERPRINT WITH ITS IMPORTANT FEATURES [22) ..................................... .. .... 14
FIGURE 2.2 DIAGRAM SHOWING THE DIFFERENT BETWEE
RIDGE A D FUR ROW [24) . .... ...... ....... .. .... .. ... 14
FIGURE 2.3 MIN UTIA E POINTS [22) . ....................... ....... .. .... ....... ....................... .. ...................... .. ... .. ....... 14
FIGURE 2.4 OPERATION OF THE FRUSTRATED T OTAL INTER AL REFLECTJON SENSOR [26) .... ............... 15
FIGURE 2.5 OPERAT IO
OF FTI R WITH A SHEET PRISM [26) . .. .. ............................ .. .... ........ .. .. .... ............. 16
FIGURE 2 .6 0PERATIO
OF CAPACITIVE SENSOR [26). ....... ... ..... ... .. ..... .... ...... ....... .. ... . .. ... ... ......... . .......... 16
FIGURE 2.7 OPERA T IO
OF ULTRASOUND S ENSOR [26) ...... ..... ........... .. ............. .... .............................. ... 17
FIGURE 2.8 PR EPROCESS I G OF FINGERPRI T I MAG E ............. ..... ..... .. .. .. .. ..... ... ... . ...... ........ .. .. .. .. .... .. ...... 18
FIGURE 2.9 SPURIOUS MINUTIAE STRUCTURE ........ ....................... .. ..... . ... ..... .... ... .. .. .... ... ............. .. ... ..... 20
FIGURE 2.10 R ELAT IONSHIP BETWEE
APPLICATIONS, DATABASE MANAGEME T SYSTEM (DBMS) A D
DATABAS E ... .... .. .. .................. ..... ........................................... ... ..... .. ... . ..... ..... ...... .... ..... . ... ............. 21
FIGURE 3.1 BLOC K DIAGRAM OF THE OVERALL SYSTEM ..... ....... .... .. ..... ... .. ........ .. ... ... ..... .. ......... .. ........ . 23
FIGURE 3.2 FLOWCHART OF THE OVERALL SYSTEM . ............. ......... ... ..... ........ . .... .. .. .. ..... ......... ...... .. .. ...... 24
FJGURE 3.3 FLOWCHART OF THE USER MODE SUBSYSTEM ... ..... .... ........ .. ..... ... .......... .. ..... ... ... ........ ... ...... .25
FIGURE 3 .4 FLOWCHART OF ADM IN MOD E SUBSYSTEM . ............. ... .... ..... ....... .. ... . .... ......... .... .. ....... ..... ..... 26
FIGURE 3.5 FLOWCHART OF ADMIN MOD E SUBSYSTEM PART 2 ........... ......... .... ...... ... .. ..... ... ....... ... .. ... ..... 27
FIGURE 3.6 EXTER AL VIEW OF T H E HARDWAR E PART . ... .......... ...... ........... ... .. ..... ........ .. .... .... .... .. ... .. ..... 30
FIGURE 3.7 EXTER AL VIEW OFTl-IE HARDWARE PART
wrrn CAS ING .......... ... ............ ......... ......... .. ... ..... 30
FIG RE 3.8 PLA fNED INTERNAL V IEW OF T HE HARDWARE PART .................... ... .... .. .... ..... ..... ..... . ......... . .30
FIGURE 3.9 HOMEPAGE OF THE USER I TERFACE (VERS ION I ) ................................................... ........ ... 31
FIGURE 3.10 R EG ISTER PAGE OF THE USER I NTERFACE (V ERS ION I) .. ......... ............................... ... ....... ..31
FIGURE3.1 I DIR ECTED REG ISTER PAG E OF TH E USER I 'TERFACE(VERS ION I) .. ... .. ....... .............. .. ... .. .. 31
FIGURE 3. 12 SETTING PAGE OF THE US ER I NTERFACE (VERS ION I) . .. .. ...... ... ............ .. ...... ....... ............ ... 32
FIGURE 3.13 SEARCH PAGE OF T H E US ER I NTERFACE (VERS ION I ) ............... .... ... ... ..................... ... ... ..... 32
FIGURE 3.14 I NDIVIDUA L ·s ATT EN DANCE (VERSJON I ) ................................ ... ....................... . ............ ... 33
FIGURE 3 . 15 ATTENDAN CE OF THE STUDENTS BY D ATE (VERS ION I ) ... ...... .............. ...... ....................... 33
FIGURE 4 . 1 SCHEMAT IC DIAGRAM FOR POWER SUPPLY P ART . ... ................ .. . ..ｾ＠ .... ... .. ... .... .... ....... .. .... ..... 35
FIGURE 4 .2 SCHEMAT IC D IAGRAM FOR MICROCO TROLLER P ART ..... .. ............. ..... .. .. ..................... ... .... 35
FIGURE 4 .3 SCHEMAT IC D IAGRAM FOR LCD P ART ............... ................ ......................... ........ .......... ...... . 36
FIGURE 4.4 SCH EMAT IC D IAGRAM FOR H ARDWARE A D SOFTWAR E UAR T PART ... ..... ... .... ............... ..36
FIGURE 4 .5 HARDWAR E B LOCK DIA GRAM .... ... .. ... . .. ....... . .. .............. .... .. .... ... ... .... ... .. .... .. .. .. ............ .... .... 37
FIG URE 4 .6 HARDWARE INTERFACE WITH THUMBPR INT M ODULE AND PERSO A L COMPUTER ..... .... .. ... .. 37
FIGURE 4 .7 ACTUAL H ARDWAR E M ODU LES ... ...... ...... .... ..... .. .. .......... . ....... . ..... ..... ................... ....... ..... . .. 37
FIGURE 4.8 PCB LAYOUT ............. ..... ... .. .... ..... ........ ....... ....... ........ . .. ... .. ... .... .. .. ... .... .... ... .... ....... . ..... . ... ... 38
FIGURE 4.9 PCB CIRCU IT B OARD .... ..... ... .... ... .......... .. ..... .... .... .. .......... .... ....... ... .. . ...... ........ ........ ............ 38
FIGURE4.IOPRODUCTOFVERS IO
I
1 . .... ... . .............. .............. ... .... .. .. .......... . .. ... .. .. . ..... .. . .. .. ................... . 39
FIGURE 4 . 11 OPERAT IONS OF MODE SWJTCHES .. ... .. .... .. ... .. ...... .... .. . ..... .................. ... .... ....... .. ... .... ......... 39
FIGURE4.12 F I AL H ARDWARE PICTURE .................. .. .................. ... ....... ....... ... ....... .. ..... .. ... .. ............ ... .40
FIGURE4.13 L OG IN P AGE .. .. .. .............. .. .......... .......................... ... .... ... ... .... .. ... ... .. .. ........ .... .. ... .. ... ........ . .41
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
xiv
FIGURE 4.14 H OME PAGE ................. .... .... ................. ... ... ... ..... .. ........ ....... ... .. .... .............................. ....... .41
FIGURE 4.15 ADD/DELETE/ ED IT USER PAGE ...... .. .. ... .. ...... .......... ...... .... ......... .......... .......... .................... 42
FIGURE 4.16 ATTE DANCE M ARKI G PAGE ....... ...... .. ...... .. .. .. ..... .......... .. ...... ... ... ......................... .......... 42
FIGURE4.17ATTE1 DANCEV IE WI G PAGE ................ . ........ ......... ... ......... ........ ....... .......... .. ........... ........ 43
FIGVRE4. 18 STATISTICA LATT E 'DANCE VCEWJ G P AGE ......................... .... ........ .. ................................ 43
FIGURE 4.19 CLOCK IN/ OUT SETTING TIM E......... ... ..... .............. .... .................... .... ........ .... ....... .... .......... .44
FIGURE 4.20 USERIADMJN M ODE SETTI G PAGE .. ..................... .. ..... ................... .... .. .... ..... .. ... ............. .44
FIGURE4.21 RAS D ATA TRANSFER SYSTEM GUI ............. .. ......... .. ............ ..... ..................... .. .. ....... ...... .45
FIGVRE4.22 STUDENTS ' D ETA ILS D ATABASE ... ............. ...... ..... ...... .... .. ...... .. .... .. ..................... ..... .. ..... . .45
FIGURE 4 .23 ATTENDANCE RECORD D ATABASE .. ......... .. ........... .... ... ........ .... ....... .... ................. ... ...... .... .46
FIGURE4 .24 LATE N OTJF ICATIO
EMACL ........ .. .. .... .... ... .............. .............. ............... .. ............ ..... ...... .... 46
F IGURE 4 .25 ABSENTNOTfflCATION EMAIL ............ .... .... ................ .......... ............... .... ...... ... ..... ..... ....... 46
FIGURE 4 .26 M O THL YA TTENDANCE R EPORT ........... ..... ..... ... ........ ...... ... .......... .................................. .47
FIGVRE4.27 R ESULT OF FI GER I DENTCFICATION TEST .... .. ...... .... .. ... .. .... ....................... ........... .... ........ .47
FIGURE4 .28 R ESULT OF E VCR ONM ENTTEST .................. ........ ... ..... .... .. ... .... ..... .................................. .48
FIGURE A
FINGERPRINT P ROSESSING STEP . ... ................ .. ......... .. ........ ... .......... ... ..................... ...... ..... 55
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
xv
LIST OF APPENDIX
APPENDIX A FINGERPR INT PR OCESS ING ST EP ........ . ... ............ ... ..... .... ..... .... ..... . .......... ..... ............. .. ....... 55
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction
The motivation for this project is to design and develop a responsive
attendance system based on thumb scanning for postgraduate students during their
appointment as Graduate Research Assistant (GRA). Currently there is no attendance
recording practice is restricted to the postgraduate students. The development of this
system uses the thumb print scanning as attendance recording into the developed
system. The developed system functions to record all the incoming and outgoing
activities. All information is recorded into a database application and can be
monitored by the respective individual supervisor. Development of this system
increases the efficiency of the postgraduate student and helps respective supervisor to
monitor the student's progress. Apart from that, this system also able to detect the late
attendance and intermittently will send a notification to the respective person. Also,
the respective person will have to update his or her status by just sending a
notification to the system. Besides, this developed system is portable, thus lecturers
able to bring the device into the classroom to replace the conventional attendance
sheet.
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
2
1.2
Objective
The objective of this project is to design and develop a responsive attendance
system based on thumb scanning for postgraduate students. Hence it will improve the
self-responsibility awareness among the postgraduate students. By using this
developed attendance system, there will be no more cards needed, no more paperwork
needed, hence no more hassle! In the end, this system is able to improve the
attendance recording system for postgraduate students and at the same time increase
the awareness of self-responsibility among postgraduate students.
1.3
Problem Statement
Employee absenteeism is a worldwide phenomenon which, due to the
financial impact on a nation ' s economy, is an important subject on the international
agenda. Absenteeism according to Collins English Dictionary, defines as persistent
absence from work, school, etc. In most of the institutions, the attendance is an
important factor for several purposes and important principles to be follow by the
students or even organization employees. Decreasing the amounts of student
absenteeism is an aim of any schools and school systems.
The worker, who is hired, is expected to perform a job and attend to work
regularly, so that the scheduled work projects can be carried out successfully. All
workers are expected to create working environment that are conducive to good
attendance [ 1]. However, due to the intrinsic factors such as interest, motivation,
learning styles and preferences, and extrinsic factors such as socio-economic
considerations, family commitments, and task deadlines [2] the attendance of the
students that are appointed as Graduate Research Assistant (GRA) are not as good as
expected.
According to Yasmin Khan based on her Punch Card Attendance Monitoring
System Feasibility Report, she stated that the pervious approach which is manually
taking and monitoring the attendance records was very inconvenient task, as users
need to record their attendance on the log book daily [3].
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
Manual attendance
3
checking is one of the oldest methods to record the attendance, but it is a hard process
to carry out during the attendance which gets more time consuming [3]. Manual
attendance record book will result in late compilation of attendance data because of
collecting and compiling process needs to be done by each supervisor [3]. Then the
total attendance record has to be entered into a computerized system manually.
Mismanagement may occur due to human error. It increases the pay roll processing
time and one of the major reasons is that it lacks security [3].
Later, another approach which is to record the attendance using card punching,
was introduced to solve time consuming issue for the manual attendance record book
system. However, this card punching system leads to other problems [3], which are
the reliability of the system and the troublesomeness of carrying the card. Buddy
punching is the act where one person clocks into the payroll system using another
person ' s card, creating it look as that a person, who did not actually come to work, is
in fact worked for the full period of their shift [4].
1.4
Scope of Work
1.4.1
Deliverables
The designs and developments of this Responsive Attendance System Based
on Thumb Scanning are divided into two parts, which is external deliverables and
internal deliverable.
1.4.1.1 External deliverables
The external deliverables are elements which are touchable or seeable that
produced at the end of this project. The external deliverables of this project consist of
the Thumbprint Scanner, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and Graphical User Interface
(GUI). Thumbprint Scanner is resumed to obtain the thumbprint with the aim of
recording the attendance of the respective registered user. Whereas LCD functions as
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
4
an indicator to inform the user about the status of the overall system. While Graphical
User Interface is to allows the user to access to the database.
1.4.1.2 Internal deliverable
The internal deliverable in this imposed project is the database. Database is
required in order to allow the system to store the data of the respective required users
such as their respective attendance. These data can be fetched and executed in the
user interface.
1.4.2
Functionalities
The proposed Responsive Attendance System Based on Thumb Scanning will
operates according to as following:
1.
Users able to record their attendance efficiently.
11.
Supervisor will be instantly being notified through email for the
student' s attendance status.
n1.
Increase the accuracy, reliability and the security of the attendance
system.
1v.
v.
Time and cost saving.
Improve the self-responsibility awareness among the postgraduate
students.
1.4.3
Technical Structure
The technical structure of this system is divided into two parts as shown in
Figure 1.1 , which included Hardware (Thumbprint Scanner, microcontroller and LCD
Display) and Software (Database and Graphical User Interface).
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
5
Thumbprint
PIC
LCD
Scanner
M icrocontroller
Dis play
Database
User Interface
Figure 1.1: Block Diagram of the Overall System ' s Technical Structure
1.5
Project Planning
There are seven phases of work need to be done in order to complete this
project. The first phase that needs to be settled first is problem statement
identification. The problem faced by the previous approaches [3] included inaccuracy,
time consuming, reliability, and security. The problem statements are reviewed
throughout the project, to make sure the new system created able to solve the problem
facing by the previous approaches [3].
Beside problem statements, the objectives of the project need be determined
first in order to understand the purpose of the project and keep the project on the
correct track. In this project, the objectives is to design and develop responsive
attendance system based on thumb scanning for postgraduate students and improve
the self-responsibility awareness among the postgraduate students.
After the problem statements and the objectives are identified. During Phase
Three, the literature review was done to understand the overall systems that
development. The researches indicated are:
1.
11.
Research on the thumbprint technology and its application.
Research on existing attendance system.
111.
Research on the Structured Query Language (SQL)
1v.
Research on the operation of Visual Basic.
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
6
Once the researches are done, Phase Four was continued by getting familiar
with the components. The main components and software required in this project are
Thumbprint Scanner, PIC Microcontroller, Structured Query Language (SQL) and
Microsoft Visual Basic. These components and software need be fully understand
first before it can be integrated together to fonn one system.
During Phase Five, the hardware part of the system was assembled. Then the
project is followed with the development of the software part of the system which
included the Database and the User Interface.
Finally, in the Phase Seven, the hardware and software part of the system is
been integrated and troubleshoot to test the functionality of the system and make sure
the system can perform as expected. The overall project flow is shown in Figure I .2.
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
7
Identify the Problem
Objective
Research and Literature Review
Getting familiar with the Thumbprint Scanner,
Database (Determine its operation)
Hardware Development: Scanner, PIC, PC
Troubleshoot
Not Functioning
Software Development:
Database and user interface
Integrating software and hardware
Troubleshoot
•
Not Functionjng
Analysis the system
Report Writing
Presentation
8
t
Figure 1.2: Flowchart of Project Methodology
© Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
CHAPTER2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Existing Attendance System
The several kind of attendance systems that are available in the market.
2.1.1
Manual Attendance Taking System
The Manual Attendance Taking System also known as Traditional Attendance
Taking System. This system involves recording the attendance in books or papers [5].
The attendance is taken and maintained by the user. According to Yasmin Khan based
on her Punch Card Attendance Monitoring System Feasibility Report, she stated that
the manually taking and monitoring the attendance records was very inconvenient
task, as users need to record their attendance on the log book daily [3].
Manual
attendance checking is one of the oldest methods to record the attendance, but it is a
hard process to carry out during the attendance which gets more time consuming [3].
Manual attendance record book will result in late compilation of attendance data
because of collecting and compiling process needs to be done by each supervisor [3].
Mismanagement may occur due to human error. It increases the pay roll processing
time and one of the major reasons is that it lacks security [3].
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9
2.1.2
Time Clock Attendance Taking System
On 20th November 1888, the first time clock was invented [6]. Time clocks
also known as punch clock or clock card machine or time stamp. The time clock is
basically a clock with the function of recording the time on an inserted heavy paper
card, which named as timesheet. It is a recording mechanism with typewheels [7].
First, user needs to insert the timesheet into the prepared slot and when the timesheet
mo ve against the typewheels, the mechanism will activated [7] and the clock will
print or stamp the date and time on the timesheet. The time clock increases the
accuracy of the clock in and clock out time of the user. It is more efficient in
recording the time. However, this time clock cause another problem arises, which is
named as overstamping. This problem is when the recorded time is stamped over by
another one. Besides, this system also leads to other problems [3] , which are the
reliability of the system and the usages of paper card. Buddy punching is the act
where one person clocks into the payroll system using another person ' s timesheet,
creating it look as that a person, who did not actually come to work, is in fact worked
for the full period of their shift [4]. Besides, the attendance of the employees is
recorded on the timesheet; if the timesheet is stolen or misplace [8] then the employee
will lost his or her attendance record.
2.1.3
Barcode Attendance Taking System
The barcode attendance taking system use the shape of symbol either in bar,
square, or dots which is difference in term of width as a method of° identification. The
specific sensor will use light beam to strike on the barcode and by measuring the
intensity of the light on the black and white area, the system may able to identify the
represented data or code [9]. This data will then be saves into the database, and it can
be downloads by the administrator for the updating and maintaining purpose [8].
Previously, Dudley, Mitchell, and Susan [1 O] had applied this barcode technology in
the attendance system to record the students' attendance at an event. This barcode
attendance taking system can accurately measure and track the employees ' working
time [8]. The errors made in manual attendance taking system [8] and overstamping
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