THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL (PBL) ON STUDENT SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL AND LEARNING OUTCOME ON HUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM TOPIC FOR XI GRADE STUDENT SMA NEGERI 5 BINJAI ACADEMIC YEAR 2014-2015.
iii
THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL (PBL) ON
STUDENT SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL AND LEARNING
OUTCOME ON HUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM TOPIC
FOR XI GRADE STUDENT SMA NEGERI
5 BINJAI ACADEMIC YEAR 2014-2015
DHANIS KHAIRUNNISA
(SID: 4113342003)
ABSTRACT
The research aims to know the effect of problem based learning on
students’ science process skill and learning outcomes at human excretory system
topic. This research was carried out in SMA Negeri 5 Binjai. This research used
quasi experiment type with pretest-posttest control group design. Population is
the whole students in grade XI SMA Negeri 5 Binjai on 2nd semester, consisting
of three classes. Sample was taken using technique of cluster random sampling.
The number of research sample is 30 students for experiment class and 30
students for control class. The data of learning outcomes is taken by using
instrument test in form of multiple choice which has been tested for the validity
and reliability, while the data of Science Process Skill is taken by using
instrument test in form of essay question from sevent indicators.The data analysis
used t-test, from the result of pretest calculation obtained the mean of experiment
class is about 32.56 with deviation standard 8.46 and the mean of control class is
about 31.16 with deviation standard 6.08. By testing the data both classes are
distributed normally and homogeny, with t count lower than t table (0.06 ttable it means Ha accepted. By
using t-test two tail seven indicators were tested. The result shows science process
skill in problem based learning significantly higher than control class. By the
other words it can be concluded that there is effect of problem based learning on
students’ science process skill and learning outcomes at human excretory system
topic in grade XI SMA Negeri 5 Binjai Academic Year 2014/2015.
Keywords: Problem Based Learning Model, Conventional Learning, Science
Process Skill, Learning Outcome.
vi
TABLE OF CONTENT
Approval Sheet ...
Biography
Pages
i
ii
Abstract
Akcnowledgement
Content List
Table List
Figure List
Appendix List
iii
iv
vi
ix
x
xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
1.2
Background
The Problem Identification
1
5
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
The Scope of Problem
Research Question
Research Objectives
Significance of Research
Operational Definition
6
6
6
7
7
CHAPTER II THEORITICAL REVIEW
8
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
Theortical Framework
Learning
Understanding Learning Outcome
8
8
8
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.4.1
2.1.4.2
Learning Model
Problem Based Learning Model
The Definition of Problem Based Learning Model
Special Features of Problem Based Learning Model
11
12
12
15
2.1.4.3
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.1.6.1
2.1.6.2
Advantages and Disadvantages of Problem Based Learning Modal
The Comparison Between PBL and Convetional Learning
The Defenition of Process Skill on Sciences
Science Process Skill
Purpose of Scince Process Skill
16
17
18
19
27
2.2
Conceptual Fremwork
28
vii
2.3
Hypothesis of This Research
30
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
31
3.1
3.1.1
Location and Time Research
Reasearch Location
31
31
3.1.2
3.2.
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.3.
3.4.
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.5.
3.5.1
Reasearch Time
Population and Sample
Population
Sample
Research Variable
Type and Design of Research
Type of Research
Design of Research
Instrument of Research
Instrument Test for Student Learning Outcome
31
31
31
31
31
32
32
32
33
33
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.5.4
3.5.5
3.5.6
Validity
Realibily
Index Difficulties
Descrimination Power
Instrument Test for Science skill Process
34
34
35
35
36
3.6
3.7
3.7.1
3.7.2
3.7.3
Research Procedure
Data Processing
Learning Outcome Data
Science Skill Process Data Analyzing
Test Similarity Two Average
39
40
40
40
41
3.7.3.1 Test Normality
3.7.3.2 Test Homoginity
3.7.3.3 Hipothesis Test
41
42
43
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1
Research Result
4.1.1
Result of Instrument Tes
4.1.2
Research Data of Learning Outcame
4.1.2.1 Data of Pre-tes in Class Problem Based Learning and Conventional
4.1.2.2 Data of Pos-tes in Class Problem Based Learning and Conventional
45
45
45
45
45
47
viii
4.2
Science Skill Prosess
49
4.2.1
4.2.2
49
50
4.2.3
4.2.4
The Average of Science Skill Process
The Data of Scinence Skill Process in Class Problem Based Learnig
And Class Conventional
Normality Test For Science Skill Prosess
Homogenety Tes For Science Skill Prosess
53
53
4.2.5
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
Hypothesis Tes (t-tes)
Discussion
Learning Outcome
Science Prosess Skill
54
56
56
57
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
59
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
59
59
REFERENCES
61
ix
LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 2.3
Revisi Bloom’s Taxonomy= Cognitiv Domain
Sintax of PBL
Variety of Science Process Skill Type
Table 2.4
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 3.3
Table 3.4
Table 3.5
Table 3.6
Table 3.8
Table 3.9
Table 4.1
Science Prosess Skill and Indicator
Group Pretest and Design Postest
Specification of Human Excretory System Topic
Tes Reliability Index Criteria
Test Difficulty Index Criteria
Table of Discrimination power
Indicators of Science Skill Process
Category for Learning outcomes
Interpertation category of science skill process
The Result of Pretes and Postest on Class PBL and Class
Table 4.2
Table 4.3
Table 4.4
Tabel 4.5
Conventional
Deviation Standart of Science Skill Prosess in Class PBL and
Class Control
Normality Tes for Science Skill Prosess in Class PBL and Class
Conventional
Page
10
14
21
24
32
33
35
35
36
37
40
41
48
50
52
Result of Homogeneity Tes on Class Control and Class Experiment 54
Hypothesis Tes of Postest
55
x
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1 Learning outcome of problem based learning
Figure 2.2 Conceptual Framework
Figure 3.1 Research Procedure
Figure 4.1 The Chart of Comporison Betweet Pre-tes Result
Figure 4.2 The Chart of Comporison Betweet Pos-tes of Clas PBL and
Class Conventional
Figure 4.3 Science Skill Prosess in Class Experimen
Figure 4.4 The Comparison of Science Skill Prosess (Classification,
Interpretation, Prediction, Aplication, Planning, Communication,
And Asking
Pages
16
30
38
46
47
49
51
xi
LIST OF APPENDIX
Page
64
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Syllabus
Lesson Plan 1 Experiment ......
Appendix 3
Lesson Plan 2 Experiment
65
81
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
Appendix 6
Appendix 7
Appendix 8
Appendix 9
Appendix 10
Appendix 11
Appendix 12
Appendix 13
Lesson Plan 3 Experiment
Lesson Plan 4 Experiment
Lesson Plan 5 Control
Lesson Plan 6 Control
Lesson Plan 7 Control
Lesson Plan 8 Control
Student Workshett Experiment
Student Workshett Control
Instrument of Learning Outcome
Intrument Science Skill Prosess
92
102
110
122
130
137
145
155
163
171
Appendix 14
Appendix 15
Appendix 16
Appendix 17
Appendix 18
Rubrik Penilaian Science Skill Prosess
Validity Tes
Calculation of Tes intrument
Reliability Tes
Calculation of Reliability Tes
174
179
180
182
183
Appendix 19
Appendix 20
Appendix 21
Appendix 22
Appendix 23
Table of Item Discriminant and Difficulty
Calculation of Discrimination Index
Calculation of Difficulty Index
Score Distribution Pre-tes Experiment Class
Score Distribution Pre-tes Control Class
184
185
187
189
191
Appendix 24
Appendix 25
Appendix 26
`
Appendix 27
Appendix 28
Appendix 29
Score Distribution Pos-tes Experiment Class
Score Distribution Pos-tes Control Class
The Calculation Average, Standart Deviation, and
Variance for Student Learning Outcome
Normality Test of Research Data
Homogenity Test
Hypothesis Test
193
195
197
200
203
206
Appendix 30 Science Skill Process of PBL
Appendix 31 Science Skill Process of Conventional
211
213
Appendix 32 Calculation of Average, Standart Deviation, Variance
215
xii
Science Skill Process of Experiment
Appendix 33
Appendix 34
Appendix 35
Appendix 36
Appendix 37
Normality Test Science Skill Process
Homogeneity Tes
Hypothesis Tes
List of Critical value for Liliefors
Table of area under normal curve 0 ke z
223
229
239
252
253
Appendix 38 List of Presentil Value of Distribution F
Appendix 39 List of Presentil Value of Distribution t
Appendix 40 Documentation
254
256
257
THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL (PBL) ON
STUDENT SCIENCE PROCESS SKILL AND LEARNING
OUTCOME ON HUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM TOPIC
FOR XI GRADE STUDENT SMA NEGERI
5 BINJAI ACADEMIC YEAR 2014-2015
DHANIS KHAIRUNNISA
(SID: 4113342003)
ABSTRACT
The research aims to know the effect of problem based learning on
students’ science process skill and learning outcomes at human excretory system
topic. This research was carried out in SMA Negeri 5 Binjai. This research used
quasi experiment type with pretest-posttest control group design. Population is
the whole students in grade XI SMA Negeri 5 Binjai on 2nd semester, consisting
of three classes. Sample was taken using technique of cluster random sampling.
The number of research sample is 30 students for experiment class and 30
students for control class. The data of learning outcomes is taken by using
instrument test in form of multiple choice which has been tested for the validity
and reliability, while the data of Science Process Skill is taken by using
instrument test in form of essay question from sevent indicators.The data analysis
used t-test, from the result of pretest calculation obtained the mean of experiment
class is about 32.56 with deviation standard 8.46 and the mean of control class is
about 31.16 with deviation standard 6.08. By testing the data both classes are
distributed normally and homogeny, with t count lower than t table (0.06 ttable it means Ha accepted. By
using t-test two tail seven indicators were tested. The result shows science process
skill in problem based learning significantly higher than control class. By the
other words it can be concluded that there is effect of problem based learning on
students’ science process skill and learning outcomes at human excretory system
topic in grade XI SMA Negeri 5 Binjai Academic Year 2014/2015.
Keywords: Problem Based Learning Model, Conventional Learning, Science
Process Skill, Learning Outcome.
vi
TABLE OF CONTENT
Approval Sheet ...
Biography
Pages
i
ii
Abstract
Akcnowledgement
Content List
Table List
Figure List
Appendix List
iii
iv
vi
ix
x
xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
1.2
Background
The Problem Identification
1
5
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
The Scope of Problem
Research Question
Research Objectives
Significance of Research
Operational Definition
6
6
6
7
7
CHAPTER II THEORITICAL REVIEW
8
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
Theortical Framework
Learning
Understanding Learning Outcome
8
8
8
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.4.1
2.1.4.2
Learning Model
Problem Based Learning Model
The Definition of Problem Based Learning Model
Special Features of Problem Based Learning Model
11
12
12
15
2.1.4.3
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.1.6.1
2.1.6.2
Advantages and Disadvantages of Problem Based Learning Modal
The Comparison Between PBL and Convetional Learning
The Defenition of Process Skill on Sciences
Science Process Skill
Purpose of Scince Process Skill
16
17
18
19
27
2.2
Conceptual Fremwork
28
vii
2.3
Hypothesis of This Research
30
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
31
3.1
3.1.1
Location and Time Research
Reasearch Location
31
31
3.1.2
3.2.
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.3.
3.4.
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.5.
3.5.1
Reasearch Time
Population and Sample
Population
Sample
Research Variable
Type and Design of Research
Type of Research
Design of Research
Instrument of Research
Instrument Test for Student Learning Outcome
31
31
31
31
31
32
32
32
33
33
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.5.4
3.5.5
3.5.6
Validity
Realibily
Index Difficulties
Descrimination Power
Instrument Test for Science skill Process
34
34
35
35
36
3.6
3.7
3.7.1
3.7.2
3.7.3
Research Procedure
Data Processing
Learning Outcome Data
Science Skill Process Data Analyzing
Test Similarity Two Average
39
40
40
40
41
3.7.3.1 Test Normality
3.7.3.2 Test Homoginity
3.7.3.3 Hipothesis Test
41
42
43
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1
Research Result
4.1.1
Result of Instrument Tes
4.1.2
Research Data of Learning Outcame
4.1.2.1 Data of Pre-tes in Class Problem Based Learning and Conventional
4.1.2.2 Data of Pos-tes in Class Problem Based Learning and Conventional
45
45
45
45
45
47
viii
4.2
Science Skill Prosess
49
4.2.1
4.2.2
49
50
4.2.3
4.2.4
The Average of Science Skill Process
The Data of Scinence Skill Process in Class Problem Based Learnig
And Class Conventional
Normality Test For Science Skill Prosess
Homogenety Tes For Science Skill Prosess
53
53
4.2.5
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
Hypothesis Tes (t-tes)
Discussion
Learning Outcome
Science Prosess Skill
54
56
56
57
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
59
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
59
59
REFERENCES
61
ix
LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 2.3
Revisi Bloom’s Taxonomy= Cognitiv Domain
Sintax of PBL
Variety of Science Process Skill Type
Table 2.4
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Table 3.3
Table 3.4
Table 3.5
Table 3.6
Table 3.8
Table 3.9
Table 4.1
Science Prosess Skill and Indicator
Group Pretest and Design Postest
Specification of Human Excretory System Topic
Tes Reliability Index Criteria
Test Difficulty Index Criteria
Table of Discrimination power
Indicators of Science Skill Process
Category for Learning outcomes
Interpertation category of science skill process
The Result of Pretes and Postest on Class PBL and Class
Table 4.2
Table 4.3
Table 4.4
Tabel 4.5
Conventional
Deviation Standart of Science Skill Prosess in Class PBL and
Class Control
Normality Tes for Science Skill Prosess in Class PBL and Class
Conventional
Page
10
14
21
24
32
33
35
35
36
37
40
41
48
50
52
Result of Homogeneity Tes on Class Control and Class Experiment 54
Hypothesis Tes of Postest
55
x
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1 Learning outcome of problem based learning
Figure 2.2 Conceptual Framework
Figure 3.1 Research Procedure
Figure 4.1 The Chart of Comporison Betweet Pre-tes Result
Figure 4.2 The Chart of Comporison Betweet Pos-tes of Clas PBL and
Class Conventional
Figure 4.3 Science Skill Prosess in Class Experimen
Figure 4.4 The Comparison of Science Skill Prosess (Classification,
Interpretation, Prediction, Aplication, Planning, Communication,
And Asking
Pages
16
30
38
46
47
49
51
xi
LIST OF APPENDIX
Page
64
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Syllabus
Lesson Plan 1 Experiment ......
Appendix 3
Lesson Plan 2 Experiment
65
81
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
Appendix 6
Appendix 7
Appendix 8
Appendix 9
Appendix 10
Appendix 11
Appendix 12
Appendix 13
Lesson Plan 3 Experiment
Lesson Plan 4 Experiment
Lesson Plan 5 Control
Lesson Plan 6 Control
Lesson Plan 7 Control
Lesson Plan 8 Control
Student Workshett Experiment
Student Workshett Control
Instrument of Learning Outcome
Intrument Science Skill Prosess
92
102
110
122
130
137
145
155
163
171
Appendix 14
Appendix 15
Appendix 16
Appendix 17
Appendix 18
Rubrik Penilaian Science Skill Prosess
Validity Tes
Calculation of Tes intrument
Reliability Tes
Calculation of Reliability Tes
174
179
180
182
183
Appendix 19
Appendix 20
Appendix 21
Appendix 22
Appendix 23
Table of Item Discriminant and Difficulty
Calculation of Discrimination Index
Calculation of Difficulty Index
Score Distribution Pre-tes Experiment Class
Score Distribution Pre-tes Control Class
184
185
187
189
191
Appendix 24
Appendix 25
Appendix 26
`
Appendix 27
Appendix 28
Appendix 29
Score Distribution Pos-tes Experiment Class
Score Distribution Pos-tes Control Class
The Calculation Average, Standart Deviation, and
Variance for Student Learning Outcome
Normality Test of Research Data
Homogenity Test
Hypothesis Test
193
195
197
200
203
206
Appendix 30 Science Skill Process of PBL
Appendix 31 Science Skill Process of Conventional
211
213
Appendix 32 Calculation of Average, Standart Deviation, Variance
215
xii
Science Skill Process of Experiment
Appendix 33
Appendix 34
Appendix 35
Appendix 36
Appendix 37
Normality Test Science Skill Process
Homogeneity Tes
Hypothesis Tes
List of Critical value for Liliefors
Table of area under normal curve 0 ke z
223
229
239
252
253
Appendix 38 List of Presentil Value of Distribution F
Appendix 39 List of Presentil Value of Distribution t
Appendix 40 Documentation
254
256
257