Design Of Multi-Band Bandpass Filter For Next Generation Wireless System.
DESIGN OF MULTI-BAND BANDPASS FILTER FOR NEXT
GENERATION WIRELESS SYSTEM
LEE KAH WENG
This report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Telecommunications Electronics) With
Honours
Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
June 2015
UNIVERSTI TEKNlKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK DAN KEJURUTERAAN
KOMPUTER
BORANGPENGESAHANSTATUSLAPORAN
PROJEK SARJANA MUDA II
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
Tajuk Projek
DESIGN OF MULTI-BAND BANDPASS FILTER FOR NEXT
GENERATION WIRELESS SYSTEM
Sesi
4
Pengajian
Saya
I
5
LEE KAH WENG
(HURUF BESAR)
mengaku membenarkan Laporan Projek Saijana Muda ini disimpan di Perpustakaan dengan syaratsyarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
I.
Laporan adalah hakmilik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
2.
Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja.
3.
Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara
institusi pengajian tinggi.
4.
Sila tandakan ( -V ) :
D
D
0
SULIT..
*(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau
kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA
RAHSlARASML 1972)
TERHADH
**(Mengandungi maklumat terhad yang telah ditentukan oleh
organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)
TIDAK TERHAD
Disahkan oleh:
(fANDAe PENULIS)
DR. ZAHRILADHA BIN ZAKARIA
Profesor Madyo
Fikul1l Kejunrtm;n Elektronlk oan Ke)uruteraan ｬｃｯ［ｮｰｩＮｾｽｦ
Ｎ＠
Unlversltl Teknlkal Malaysia ivlelaka {U1eM
Hang Tuah Jaya
76100 Durian Tungr,al, ｍｾｉ＠
Ib/
. ........ II
Tankh:
.. . . .. .. ...2.01'?
.. .. .... .
Tarikh: ... ..... . ..Ｑ
Ｎ Ｑ ＮＯｾ＠
!.i..0.'.5
Ill
DECLARATION
I declared that this thesis entitled "DESIGN Of MULTI-BAND BANDPASS
f!LTER fOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS SYSTEM" is the result of my
own research except as cited in the reference.
Signature
Author
Date
: LEE KAH WENG
II (fo( ＧｕＩｉｾ＠
lV
APPROVAL
l hereby declare that I have read this thesis and in my opinion this thesis is su±licient
in term of the scope and quality for the award of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering
(Telecommunication Electronics) With Honors.
Signature
Ｍｾ＠
Supervisor's Name
: PM. DR. ZAI-I:ill:!A BIN ZAK.ARIA
Date
11/1o/ UJ/5
v
DEDICATION
Special dedication to my beloved parents,
Lee Wing Fook & Kong Lai Peng
My supporting siblings:
Lee Poh Yoke
Lee Kah Meng
To my supervisor
PM Dr Zahriladha Bin Zakaria
My friends and my fellow lecturers
Thank you for all your care, support and believe in me
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This acknowledgement was written as I completed the Final Year Project
program in University Technical Malaysia Melaka. First of all, I would like to take
this opportunity to extend my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, PM. Dr. Zahriladha
Bin Zakaria for his inestimable and invaluable guidance. The supervision and
support gave truly help on the progression and the smoothness of the project during
Final Year Project program. Your kindness, your leadership and your word of
wisdom will keep close to my heart at all times. The co-operation is much indeed
appreciated. Next, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to our Final Year
Project program course coordinator, Dr. Kok Swee Leong for his inestimable and
invaluable guidance. As I know, he is a very good instructor. Thanks so much for
taking time from your busy schedule to give an introduction about this training
program and provided the sources of the modules or courses. Furthermore, I would
also like to convey my gratefulness and appreciations to PhD research student, Sam
Weng Yik who volunteers to teach and assist me in this Final Year Project program
with the understanding. My grateful thanks goes to technicians, Mr. Imran Bin
Mohamed Ali and Mr. Mohd Sufian Bin Abu Talib. A big contribution from them
involved during this Final Year Project program.
vii
ABSTRACT
This project presents the design of multi-band bandpass filter using
microstrip with Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS) to produce bandpass and band
reject characteristics simultaneously. This class of filter is designed based upon
λ_g0/4 short-circuited stubs structure of 7th degree. The integrated multi-band BPF
and DMS produce 3 wideband bandpass and 2 band reject response simultaneously
in order to remove any undesired signals in the passband of the bandpass response
with S11, better than -20dB and insertion loss, S21, of around -1dB respectively. The
DMS exhibits two band-reject responses better than -20dB and forms first band
2.3GHz-2.7GHz, second band 3.1GHz-4.8GHz and third band 5.15GHz-5.85GHz.
This design is simulated on a Roger Duroid RO4350 with a dielectric constant, ε_r of
3.48 and a thickness of 0.508 mm while the loss tangent is 0.0019. The theoretical,
simulated and measured results were obtained and demonstrated in this thesis. This
type of filter is useful in any RF/ microwave communication systems such as
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and wireless UWB
tracking system.
viii
ABSTRAK
Projek ini
membentangkan
reka bentuk
penapis
jalur
laluan yang
pelbagai jalur menggunakan penapis laluanlulus menggunakan kecacatan struktur
mikro-strip untuk menghasilkan laluan jalur dan jalur menolak yang bercirikan
serentak didalam respon penapis. Kelas penapis direka berdasarkan λ_g0 / 4 struktur
pendek litar pintas dengan 7 perintah. penapis jalur laluan yang pelbagai jalur
bersepadu dengan kecacatan struktur mikro-strip menghasilkan 3 jalur lebar laluan
jalur dan 2 respon jalur menolak pada masa yang sama untuk mengeluarkan apa-apa
isyarat yang tidak diingini dalam kehilangan pulangan S11, lebih baik daripada 20dB dan kehilangan masukkan S21, kira-kira -1dB masing-masing. DMS
mempamerkan dua respon jalur menolak yang lebih baik daripada -20dB dan
membentuk jalur pertama 2.3GHz-2.7GHz, jalur kedua 3.1GHz-4.8GHz dan jalur
ketiga 5.15GHz-5.85GHz. Reka bentuk ini adalah disimulasikan menggunakan
Roger Duroid RO4350 dengan pemalar dielektrik, ε_r 3.48 dan ketebalan 0.508mm
manakala kehilangan tangen adalah 0,0019. Teori, simulasi dan keputusan diukur
diperolehi telah ditunjukkan di dalam tesis ini. Jenis penapis ini adalah berguna
dalam mana-mana sistem komunikasi gelombang mikro seperti Akses Gelombang
Mikro (WiMAX) dan wayarles sistem pengesanan UWB.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I.
II.
CONTENTS
PAGES
TITLE
i
DECLARATION
iii
APPROVAL
iv
DEDICATION
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
vi
ABSTRACT
vii
ABSTRAK
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
xii
LIST OF TABLES
xv
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Problem statement
2
1.3
Objective
2
1.4
Scope of project
3
1.5
Chapter review
3
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Band pass filter
5
2.2
Planar microstrip band pass filter
6
2.3
Multi-band band pass filter
7
2.4
Notched responses
7
x
2.5
III.
8
METHODOLOGY
3.1
Methodology
15
3.2
Designing multi-band band pass filter
17
3.2.1
Filter specification and parameter
18
3.2.2
Design technique, equation and calculation
19
3.2.3
Ideal transmission line
23
3.2.4
Microstrip line
24
3.2.5
Layout structure
26
3.3
IV.
Related research
Defected microstrip structure (DMS)
26
3.3.1
26
Parametric study
3.4
Bandpass filter integrated with DMS
27
3.5
Fabrication and measurement
28
RESULT & DISCUSSION
4.1
4.2
Multi-band bandpass filter ideal transmission line
structure
30
Microstrip line structure
33
4.2.1
Microstrip line structure with T-junction
34
4.2.2
Symmetric width and length of bandpass
filter
4.3
39
Parametric study on defected microstrip structure
(DMS)
41
4.4
Bandpass filter integrated with DMS
46
4.5
Physical structure and comparison result of
multi-band bandpass filter
49
xi
V.
CONCLUSION
5.1
Conclusion
52
5.2
Future works
53
REFERENCES
54
APPENDICES
Appendix A
Gantt chart
57
Appendix B
Poster INOTEK 2015
58
Appendix C
INOTEK 2015 certificate
59
Appendix D
INOTEK 2015 award
60
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE
TITLE
PAGES
2.1
Frequency response of band pass filter
6
2.2
Example of planar microstrip band pass filter
6
2.3
Notched responses introduced to remove unwanted
frequency range
7
2.4
DMS structure on the microstrip
8
3.1
Flow chart of designing multi-band band pass filter
16
3.2
Process to design multi-band band pass filter
17
3.3
Topology of quarter-wavelength short-circuited stubs
filter
3.4
19
The table of element values of Cheyshev low pass prototype
filter
20
3.5
Schematic of ideal transmission line of band pass filter.
23
3.6
Setting of “LineCalc”
24
3.7
Schematic of microstrip line structure based on the
value of table 3.4
25
3.8
Layout structure of bandpass filter
26
3.9
Different shape of DMS designed (hashtag, U, C)
26
3.10
Bandpass filter without defaced
27
3.11
Bandpass filter has been defaced
28
3.12
Layout in CorelDraw software
28
3.13
DUT (device under test) by using VNA
29
4.1
Ideal transmission line of band pass filter
30
4.2
Simulation result of ideal transmission line
31
4.3
Tuning process of transmission line
31
xiii
4.4
Schematic of ideal transmission line after tuning
32
4.5
Simulation result of transmission line after tuning
32
4.6
Schematic of microstrip line structure. (without MTEE)
33
4.7
Simulation result of microstrip line structure. (without
MTEE)
33
4.8
Layout of bandpass filter structure
34
4.9
Setting of via ground
34
4.10
Schematic of microstrip line structure. (with MTEE)
35
4.11
Simulation result of microstrip line structure. (with
MTEE)
4.12
Microstrip line structure (with MTEE) of bandpass filter
after tuning
4.13
35
37
Simulation of microstrip line structure (with MTEE) of
bandpass filter after tuning
37
4.14
Layout structure of bandpass filter after tuning
38
4.15
Simulation of layout structure (with MTEE) of bandpass
filter after tuning
38
4.16
Schematic of bandpass filter
39
4.17
Layout structure of symmetric bandpass filter
40
4.18
Simulation result from the layout structure
41
4.19
Dimension of DMS
42
4.20
EM simulation result by adjusting ‘a’
42
4.21
EM simulation result by adjusting ‘d’
43
4.22
EM simulation result by adjusting ‘b’
44
4.23
EM simulation result by adjusting ‘c’
44
4.24
EM simulation result by adjusting ‘e’
45
4.25
Layout structure of bandpass filter integrated with
first U-shape DMS
4.26
Simulation result of bandpass filter integrated with
first U-shape DMS
4.27
46
46
Layout structure of bandpass filter integrated with second
U-shape DMS
47
xiv
4.28
Simulation result of bandpass filter integrated with second
U-shape DMS
4.29
Layout structure of multi-band bandpass filter integrated
with two U-shape DMS
4.30
48
Current flow visualization of multi-band bandpass filter
integrated with DMS
4.32
48
Simulation result of multi-band bandpass filter integrated
with two U-shape DMS
4.31
47
48
Current flow visualization of multi-band bandpass filter
integrated with DMS
49
4.33
Physical structure of multi-band bandpass filter
50
4.34
Measurement result of multi-band filter by using
Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)
4.35
50
Comparison between simulation result and measurement
result of multi-band bandpass filter
51
xv
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
TITLE
2.1
The information of related research papers
8
3.1
Specification and parameter of band pass filter
18
3.2
Specification of Roger 4350B substrate
18
3.3
Value of admittances and impedances after
calculating the equation given
3.4
PAGES
22
Value of width and length used to construct
microstrip line schematic
25
3.5
Specification of defected microstrip structure
27
4.1
The values of microstrip line structure (with
MTEE) before tuning and after tuning
4.2
36
The symmetric width and length of short
stub line and connecting line for bandpass filter
39
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction
Wireless communication has been rapidly developing in recent years. The
evolution has started with Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and
has
proceeded
to
Wireless
Local
Area
Network
(WLAN),
Worldwide
Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA), and the latest, Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Fifth Generation (5G).
Microwave filters are required in microwave systems to separate wanted and
unwanted signals. Recently, multi-band microwave filters developed by various
researchers to satisfy the current demands of wireless communication systems.
Before, single-band filters can only operate in single-frequency bands are used. After
researching and demanding, dual-band and tri-band or multi-band microwave which
can be supported in a single device are needed. A single device has the ability to
work in multiple frequencies and support various wireless communications such as
GSM, WLAN, WiMAX and LTE is one of the requirements for global devices [1].
Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS) is made by etching a little slot over the
microstrip, generating a stop band as a function of the slot length. With DMS, there
is no etching in the ground plane as avoiding any increment of leakage through the
ground plane. In the case of the DMS structure, there was no frequency shift for
different microstrip lengths. As a result, the design of a specific DMS structure is
2
independent of the microstrip length which can be very useful in the design of
microstrip filters, among other different applications. In this proposed project, a new
design of triple-band band pass filter integrated with DMS [2].
1.2
Problem statement
Development in wireless communication has created more potential in IEEE
802 family local area networks and metropolitan area networks. They able to support
high speed wireless broadband applications with rather long reach, mobility, and
roaming. The most latest wireless communication network LTE or Long Term
Evolution UMTS networks have made strong inroads into the commercial arena
worldwide. So, a single microwave filter which can support multiple wireless
applications is strongly demanded. The challenges to circuit designers designing a
multi-band band pass filter are to achieve compact size and low insertion loss
simultaneously. The previous works are usually too many components inside and
cause large circuit size. Besides of the ability to support various wireless
communication applications, also need to satisfy the specifications of band pass filter
which are size reduction, high stability, high selectivity simultaneously [3].
1.3
Objective
The objectives of this project is to design and develop a multi-band band pass
filter for wireless communication system at frequency 2.3-2.7GHz, 3.1-4.8GHz,
5.15-5.85GHz by using the planar microstrip line. In order to introduce a multi band, design the Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS) to remove the unwanted
frequency band. The capabilities of DMS to introduce notched responses have been
investigated. Lastly, fabricate and validate the design of multi-band band pass filter
through experimental works in laboratory and compare the results with the
simulation result in software.
3
1.4
Scope of project
The design of this proposed project is multi-band band pass filter. The
topology of the band pass filter is quarter wavelength short-circuited stubs with
Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS). The pass band bandwidth of the filter is 2.32.7GHz, 3.1-4.8GHz and 5.15-5.85GHz at -3dB. The pass band return loss is better
than -20dB whereas the pass band insertion loss is between 0dB till -1dB. Besides,
the stop band insertion loss is better than 40dB. Before fabrication, design and
simulate the filter and DMS in Advanced Designed System (ADS) software. The
material used to fabricate this filter is Roger 4350B with dielectric constant of 3.48
and loss tangent of 0.0019. This filter is done with equation of short circuited stubs
and the introduced notched responses. The DMS technology is carried out using a
parametric study to provide the shape and better performance in term of selectivity.
1.5
Chapter review
Chapter I mainly describes the general overview of this project. Chapter 1
explains the introduction, problem statement, objective and scope of this project.
Besides, this chapter also reviews all chapters of this project.
Chapter II mainly describes findings on a literature review of the project. It
covers related research from band pass filter, dual-band band pass filter, tri-band
band pass filter, multi-band band pass filter and DMS. The chapter starts with the
basic theory and fundamental of the filter. The basic understanding of the parameters
and the basics of microwave filter must be clearly made before continuing on
understanding the project. The most important part of this chapter is emphasizing
literature on different technique designing band-pass filter.
Chapter III will explain in detail the implementation of the project. Design
multi-band band pass filter and DMS will be illustrated in detail. Besides, process for
designing this project will be constructed. To design multi-band band pass filter,
there are a few important processes must undergo such as calculation, simulation,
fabrication and measurement.
4
Chapter IV will illustrate, explain, discuss and present the simulation result
and measurement result of multi-band bandpass filter. For the implementation of this
project, design start from ideal transmission line structure, then microstrip line
structure, next momentum layout structure and last physical structure of multi-band
bandpass filter.
Chapter V will discuss about the conclusion, sustainable development,
commercialization and the future work for this project.
5
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
In this chapter, it describes findings on a literature review of the project.
Overall, it covers related research from band pass filter, dual-band band pass filter,
tri-band band pass filter, multi-band band pass filter and DMS. The chapter starts
with the basic theory and fundamental of the filter. The basic understanding of the
parameters and the basics of microwave filter must be clearly made before
continuing on understanding the project. The most important part of this chapter is
emphasizing literature on different technique designing band-pass filter.
2.1
Band pass filter
Band pass filters play a significant role in wireless communication systems.
Transmitted and received signals have to be filtered at a certain center frequency
with a specific bandwidth. Figure 2.1 illustrates the basic bandpass filter frequency
response. A band pass filter is an important component must be found in the
transmitter and receiver. Band pass filter is a passive component which is able to
select signals inside a specific bandwidth at a certain center frequency and reject
signals in another frequency region, especially in frequency regions, which have the
potential to interfere the information signals [4].
6
Figure 2.1: Frequency response of band pass filter.
2.2
Planar microstrip band pass filter
Microstrip line is one of the most popular types of planar transmission lines
primarily because it can be fabricated by photolithography processes and is easily
miniaturized and integrated with both passive and active microwave devices. Figure
2.2 shows the example of planar microstrip band pass filter. The planar transmission
line is a transmission line with conducting metal strips that lie entirely in parallel
planes. The most common structure has one or more parallel metal strips placed on a
dielectric substrate over a conducting ground plane. All the active devices and all the
interconnecting lines, impedance-matching elements, capacitors, inductors and
resistors are fabricated on the planes [5].
Figure 2.2: Example of planar microstrip band pass filter.
7
2.3
Multi-band band pass filter
Multi-band band pass filter is the filter which has three desired frequency
bands by introducing notched responses as illustrated in Figure 2.3. The notched
responses will remove the unwanted frequency bands and introduce the desired
frequency bands for multiple wireless communication applications.
Figure 2.3: Notched responses introduced to remove unwanted frequency range.
2.4
Notched responses
Design Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS) is one of the ways to introduce
notched responses. DMS structure is made by etching a little slot over the microstrip
as shown in Figure 2.4. It is based on the changed in impedance (inductance and
capacitance) in microstrip with slotted planes. DMS will produce a narrow
bandwidth and sharp rejection at a specific frequency. It can also be represented by
the single parallel RLC [2].
8
Figure 2.4: DMS structure on the microstrip.
2.5
Related research
In order to implement this project, findings and researches about the bandpass
filter have been done and tabulated as shown in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1: The information on related research papers.
[No]
Filter Researcher(s)
Freq
Insertio
Return
Substra
/Year
(GH
n loss,
loss,
te/diele
z)
S21(dB)
S11(dB)
ctric
Method
constan
t
[6]
Dual
J. Lee and Y. 2.4,
band/ Lim
1.4, 1.3
5.2
14.1,
Taconic
22.3
RF-
2011
35A/3.
5
Interdigital
capacitor loop
step
impedance
resonator and
short circuit
stub loaded
resonator
[7]
Dual
H.W.
band/ Z.C.
2010
Liu, 1.57,
Zhang, 2.4
S.Wang,
1.551.63
>15
-/4.5
F-shaped
spurline
embedded
9
[8]
Dual
L.Zhu,X.H.G
into uniform
uan,J.S.Lim
impedance
and D. Ahn
resonator
M.T.
Doan, 2.4,
band/ W.Q.
Che 5.2
um
loaded half
2012
W.J.
0.85
wavelength
and
Minim
>20
-/4.4
Feng
[9]
Tri
resonator
A.M.
band/ Elelimy,
2012
Short-stub
A.M.
0.9,
0.85,
10.8,
Roger
Cross coupled
2.45,
1.12,
18.14,
RT/Dur
resonators to
1.16
16.25
oid
produce tri-
6010
section step
Teflon/
impedance
10.5
resonator
-
Cascade
El- 3.5
Tager,
A.G.
Sobih
and
M.H. AbdelAzeem
[10]
Tripl
C.Y.Lin,
2.4,
e
W.T.Li,
3.5,
grounded
5.2
active
band/ C.P.Liang
2011
-
>10
and
inductor
S.J.Chung
circuit
topology
[11]
Tri-
Z.B.Wang,
6.42,
15.7,
band/ F.Nasri,
10.7,
2011
14.9
C.W.Park
-
Duroid
Interdigital
31.7,
5880/2.
hairpin finger
30.1
2
structure
8
[12]
Tripl
J.P.Wang,
5.2,
e
J.D.Zhao,
band/ J.L. Li
>15
GENERATION WIRELESS SYSTEM
LEE KAH WENG
This report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Telecommunications Electronics) With
Honours
Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
June 2015
UNIVERSTI TEKNlKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK DAN KEJURUTERAAN
KOMPUTER
BORANGPENGESAHANSTATUSLAPORAN
PROJEK SARJANA MUDA II
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
Tajuk Projek
DESIGN OF MULTI-BAND BANDPASS FILTER FOR NEXT
GENERATION WIRELESS SYSTEM
Sesi
4
Pengajian
Saya
I
5
LEE KAH WENG
(HURUF BESAR)
mengaku membenarkan Laporan Projek Saijana Muda ini disimpan di Perpustakaan dengan syaratsyarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
I.
Laporan adalah hakmilik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
2.
Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja.
3.
Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara
institusi pengajian tinggi.
4.
Sila tandakan ( -V ) :
D
D
0
SULIT..
*(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau
kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA
RAHSlARASML 1972)
TERHADH
**(Mengandungi maklumat terhad yang telah ditentukan oleh
organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)
TIDAK TERHAD
Disahkan oleh:
(fANDAe PENULIS)
DR. ZAHRILADHA BIN ZAKARIA
Profesor Madyo
Fikul1l Kejunrtm;n Elektronlk oan Ke)uruteraan ｬｃｯ［ｮｰｩＮｾｽｦ
Ｎ＠
Unlversltl Teknlkal Malaysia ivlelaka {U1eM
Hang Tuah Jaya
76100 Durian Tungr,al, ｍｾｉ＠
Ib/
. ........ II
Tankh:
.. . . .. .. ...2.01'?
.. .. .... .
Tarikh: ... ..... . ..Ｑ
Ｎ Ｑ ＮＯｾ＠
!.i..0.'.5
Ill
DECLARATION
I declared that this thesis entitled "DESIGN Of MULTI-BAND BANDPASS
f!LTER fOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS SYSTEM" is the result of my
own research except as cited in the reference.
Signature
Author
Date
: LEE KAH WENG
II (fo( ＧｕＩｉｾ＠
lV
APPROVAL
l hereby declare that I have read this thesis and in my opinion this thesis is su±licient
in term of the scope and quality for the award of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering
(Telecommunication Electronics) With Honors.
Signature
Ｍｾ＠
Supervisor's Name
: PM. DR. ZAI-I:ill:!A BIN ZAK.ARIA
Date
11/1o/ UJ/5
v
DEDICATION
Special dedication to my beloved parents,
Lee Wing Fook & Kong Lai Peng
My supporting siblings:
Lee Poh Yoke
Lee Kah Meng
To my supervisor
PM Dr Zahriladha Bin Zakaria
My friends and my fellow lecturers
Thank you for all your care, support and believe in me
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This acknowledgement was written as I completed the Final Year Project
program in University Technical Malaysia Melaka. First of all, I would like to take
this opportunity to extend my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, PM. Dr. Zahriladha
Bin Zakaria for his inestimable and invaluable guidance. The supervision and
support gave truly help on the progression and the smoothness of the project during
Final Year Project program. Your kindness, your leadership and your word of
wisdom will keep close to my heart at all times. The co-operation is much indeed
appreciated. Next, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to our Final Year
Project program course coordinator, Dr. Kok Swee Leong for his inestimable and
invaluable guidance. As I know, he is a very good instructor. Thanks so much for
taking time from your busy schedule to give an introduction about this training
program and provided the sources of the modules or courses. Furthermore, I would
also like to convey my gratefulness and appreciations to PhD research student, Sam
Weng Yik who volunteers to teach and assist me in this Final Year Project program
with the understanding. My grateful thanks goes to technicians, Mr. Imran Bin
Mohamed Ali and Mr. Mohd Sufian Bin Abu Talib. A big contribution from them
involved during this Final Year Project program.
vii
ABSTRACT
This project presents the design of multi-band bandpass filter using
microstrip with Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS) to produce bandpass and band
reject characteristics simultaneously. This class of filter is designed based upon
λ_g0/4 short-circuited stubs structure of 7th degree. The integrated multi-band BPF
and DMS produce 3 wideband bandpass and 2 band reject response simultaneously
in order to remove any undesired signals in the passband of the bandpass response
with S11, better than -20dB and insertion loss, S21, of around -1dB respectively. The
DMS exhibits two band-reject responses better than -20dB and forms first band
2.3GHz-2.7GHz, second band 3.1GHz-4.8GHz and third band 5.15GHz-5.85GHz.
This design is simulated on a Roger Duroid RO4350 with a dielectric constant, ε_r of
3.48 and a thickness of 0.508 mm while the loss tangent is 0.0019. The theoretical,
simulated and measured results were obtained and demonstrated in this thesis. This
type of filter is useful in any RF/ microwave communication systems such as
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and wireless UWB
tracking system.
viii
ABSTRAK
Projek ini
membentangkan
reka bentuk
penapis
jalur
laluan yang
pelbagai jalur menggunakan penapis laluanlulus menggunakan kecacatan struktur
mikro-strip untuk menghasilkan laluan jalur dan jalur menolak yang bercirikan
serentak didalam respon penapis. Kelas penapis direka berdasarkan λ_g0 / 4 struktur
pendek litar pintas dengan 7 perintah. penapis jalur laluan yang pelbagai jalur
bersepadu dengan kecacatan struktur mikro-strip menghasilkan 3 jalur lebar laluan
jalur dan 2 respon jalur menolak pada masa yang sama untuk mengeluarkan apa-apa
isyarat yang tidak diingini dalam kehilangan pulangan S11, lebih baik daripada 20dB dan kehilangan masukkan S21, kira-kira -1dB masing-masing. DMS
mempamerkan dua respon jalur menolak yang lebih baik daripada -20dB dan
membentuk jalur pertama 2.3GHz-2.7GHz, jalur kedua 3.1GHz-4.8GHz dan jalur
ketiga 5.15GHz-5.85GHz. Reka bentuk ini adalah disimulasikan menggunakan
Roger Duroid RO4350 dengan pemalar dielektrik, ε_r 3.48 dan ketebalan 0.508mm
manakala kehilangan tangen adalah 0,0019. Teori, simulasi dan keputusan diukur
diperolehi telah ditunjukkan di dalam tesis ini. Jenis penapis ini adalah berguna
dalam mana-mana sistem komunikasi gelombang mikro seperti Akses Gelombang
Mikro (WiMAX) dan wayarles sistem pengesanan UWB.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I.
II.
CONTENTS
PAGES
TITLE
i
DECLARATION
iii
APPROVAL
iv
DEDICATION
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
vi
ABSTRACT
vii
ABSTRAK
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
xii
LIST OF TABLES
xv
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction
1
1.2
Problem statement
2
1.3
Objective
2
1.4
Scope of project
3
1.5
Chapter review
3
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Band pass filter
5
2.2
Planar microstrip band pass filter
6
2.3
Multi-band band pass filter
7
2.4
Notched responses
7
x
2.5
III.
8
METHODOLOGY
3.1
Methodology
15
3.2
Designing multi-band band pass filter
17
3.2.1
Filter specification and parameter
18
3.2.2
Design technique, equation and calculation
19
3.2.3
Ideal transmission line
23
3.2.4
Microstrip line
24
3.2.5
Layout structure
26
3.3
IV.
Related research
Defected microstrip structure (DMS)
26
3.3.1
26
Parametric study
3.4
Bandpass filter integrated with DMS
27
3.5
Fabrication and measurement
28
RESULT & DISCUSSION
4.1
4.2
Multi-band bandpass filter ideal transmission line
structure
30
Microstrip line structure
33
4.2.1
Microstrip line structure with T-junction
34
4.2.2
Symmetric width and length of bandpass
filter
4.3
39
Parametric study on defected microstrip structure
(DMS)
41
4.4
Bandpass filter integrated with DMS
46
4.5
Physical structure and comparison result of
multi-band bandpass filter
49
xi
V.
CONCLUSION
5.1
Conclusion
52
5.2
Future works
53
REFERENCES
54
APPENDICES
Appendix A
Gantt chart
57
Appendix B
Poster INOTEK 2015
58
Appendix C
INOTEK 2015 certificate
59
Appendix D
INOTEK 2015 award
60
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE
TITLE
PAGES
2.1
Frequency response of band pass filter
6
2.2
Example of planar microstrip band pass filter
6
2.3
Notched responses introduced to remove unwanted
frequency range
7
2.4
DMS structure on the microstrip
8
3.1
Flow chart of designing multi-band band pass filter
16
3.2
Process to design multi-band band pass filter
17
3.3
Topology of quarter-wavelength short-circuited stubs
filter
3.4
19
The table of element values of Cheyshev low pass prototype
filter
20
3.5
Schematic of ideal transmission line of band pass filter.
23
3.6
Setting of “LineCalc”
24
3.7
Schematic of microstrip line structure based on the
value of table 3.4
25
3.8
Layout structure of bandpass filter
26
3.9
Different shape of DMS designed (hashtag, U, C)
26
3.10
Bandpass filter without defaced
27
3.11
Bandpass filter has been defaced
28
3.12
Layout in CorelDraw software
28
3.13
DUT (device under test) by using VNA
29
4.1
Ideal transmission line of band pass filter
30
4.2
Simulation result of ideal transmission line
31
4.3
Tuning process of transmission line
31
xiii
4.4
Schematic of ideal transmission line after tuning
32
4.5
Simulation result of transmission line after tuning
32
4.6
Schematic of microstrip line structure. (without MTEE)
33
4.7
Simulation result of microstrip line structure. (without
MTEE)
33
4.8
Layout of bandpass filter structure
34
4.9
Setting of via ground
34
4.10
Schematic of microstrip line structure. (with MTEE)
35
4.11
Simulation result of microstrip line structure. (with
MTEE)
4.12
Microstrip line structure (with MTEE) of bandpass filter
after tuning
4.13
35
37
Simulation of microstrip line structure (with MTEE) of
bandpass filter after tuning
37
4.14
Layout structure of bandpass filter after tuning
38
4.15
Simulation of layout structure (with MTEE) of bandpass
filter after tuning
38
4.16
Schematic of bandpass filter
39
4.17
Layout structure of symmetric bandpass filter
40
4.18
Simulation result from the layout structure
41
4.19
Dimension of DMS
42
4.20
EM simulation result by adjusting ‘a’
42
4.21
EM simulation result by adjusting ‘d’
43
4.22
EM simulation result by adjusting ‘b’
44
4.23
EM simulation result by adjusting ‘c’
44
4.24
EM simulation result by adjusting ‘e’
45
4.25
Layout structure of bandpass filter integrated with
first U-shape DMS
4.26
Simulation result of bandpass filter integrated with
first U-shape DMS
4.27
46
46
Layout structure of bandpass filter integrated with second
U-shape DMS
47
xiv
4.28
Simulation result of bandpass filter integrated with second
U-shape DMS
4.29
Layout structure of multi-band bandpass filter integrated
with two U-shape DMS
4.30
48
Current flow visualization of multi-band bandpass filter
integrated with DMS
4.32
48
Simulation result of multi-band bandpass filter integrated
with two U-shape DMS
4.31
47
48
Current flow visualization of multi-band bandpass filter
integrated with DMS
49
4.33
Physical structure of multi-band bandpass filter
50
4.34
Measurement result of multi-band filter by using
Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)
4.35
50
Comparison between simulation result and measurement
result of multi-band bandpass filter
51
xv
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
TITLE
2.1
The information of related research papers
8
3.1
Specification and parameter of band pass filter
18
3.2
Specification of Roger 4350B substrate
18
3.3
Value of admittances and impedances after
calculating the equation given
3.4
PAGES
22
Value of width and length used to construct
microstrip line schematic
25
3.5
Specification of defected microstrip structure
27
4.1
The values of microstrip line structure (with
MTEE) before tuning and after tuning
4.2
36
The symmetric width and length of short
stub line and connecting line for bandpass filter
39
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction
Wireless communication has been rapidly developing in recent years. The
evolution has started with Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and
has
proceeded
to
Wireless
Local
Area
Network
(WLAN),
Worldwide
Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA), and the latest, Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Fifth Generation (5G).
Microwave filters are required in microwave systems to separate wanted and
unwanted signals. Recently, multi-band microwave filters developed by various
researchers to satisfy the current demands of wireless communication systems.
Before, single-band filters can only operate in single-frequency bands are used. After
researching and demanding, dual-band and tri-band or multi-band microwave which
can be supported in a single device are needed. A single device has the ability to
work in multiple frequencies and support various wireless communications such as
GSM, WLAN, WiMAX and LTE is one of the requirements for global devices [1].
Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS) is made by etching a little slot over the
microstrip, generating a stop band as a function of the slot length. With DMS, there
is no etching in the ground plane as avoiding any increment of leakage through the
ground plane. In the case of the DMS structure, there was no frequency shift for
different microstrip lengths. As a result, the design of a specific DMS structure is
2
independent of the microstrip length which can be very useful in the design of
microstrip filters, among other different applications. In this proposed project, a new
design of triple-band band pass filter integrated with DMS [2].
1.2
Problem statement
Development in wireless communication has created more potential in IEEE
802 family local area networks and metropolitan area networks. They able to support
high speed wireless broadband applications with rather long reach, mobility, and
roaming. The most latest wireless communication network LTE or Long Term
Evolution UMTS networks have made strong inroads into the commercial arena
worldwide. So, a single microwave filter which can support multiple wireless
applications is strongly demanded. The challenges to circuit designers designing a
multi-band band pass filter are to achieve compact size and low insertion loss
simultaneously. The previous works are usually too many components inside and
cause large circuit size. Besides of the ability to support various wireless
communication applications, also need to satisfy the specifications of band pass filter
which are size reduction, high stability, high selectivity simultaneously [3].
1.3
Objective
The objectives of this project is to design and develop a multi-band band pass
filter for wireless communication system at frequency 2.3-2.7GHz, 3.1-4.8GHz,
5.15-5.85GHz by using the planar microstrip line. In order to introduce a multi band, design the Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS) to remove the unwanted
frequency band. The capabilities of DMS to introduce notched responses have been
investigated. Lastly, fabricate and validate the design of multi-band band pass filter
through experimental works in laboratory and compare the results with the
simulation result in software.
3
1.4
Scope of project
The design of this proposed project is multi-band band pass filter. The
topology of the band pass filter is quarter wavelength short-circuited stubs with
Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS). The pass band bandwidth of the filter is 2.32.7GHz, 3.1-4.8GHz and 5.15-5.85GHz at -3dB. The pass band return loss is better
than -20dB whereas the pass band insertion loss is between 0dB till -1dB. Besides,
the stop band insertion loss is better than 40dB. Before fabrication, design and
simulate the filter and DMS in Advanced Designed System (ADS) software. The
material used to fabricate this filter is Roger 4350B with dielectric constant of 3.48
and loss tangent of 0.0019. This filter is done with equation of short circuited stubs
and the introduced notched responses. The DMS technology is carried out using a
parametric study to provide the shape and better performance in term of selectivity.
1.5
Chapter review
Chapter I mainly describes the general overview of this project. Chapter 1
explains the introduction, problem statement, objective and scope of this project.
Besides, this chapter also reviews all chapters of this project.
Chapter II mainly describes findings on a literature review of the project. It
covers related research from band pass filter, dual-band band pass filter, tri-band
band pass filter, multi-band band pass filter and DMS. The chapter starts with the
basic theory and fundamental of the filter. The basic understanding of the parameters
and the basics of microwave filter must be clearly made before continuing on
understanding the project. The most important part of this chapter is emphasizing
literature on different technique designing band-pass filter.
Chapter III will explain in detail the implementation of the project. Design
multi-band band pass filter and DMS will be illustrated in detail. Besides, process for
designing this project will be constructed. To design multi-band band pass filter,
there are a few important processes must undergo such as calculation, simulation,
fabrication and measurement.
4
Chapter IV will illustrate, explain, discuss and present the simulation result
and measurement result of multi-band bandpass filter. For the implementation of this
project, design start from ideal transmission line structure, then microstrip line
structure, next momentum layout structure and last physical structure of multi-band
bandpass filter.
Chapter V will discuss about the conclusion, sustainable development,
commercialization and the future work for this project.
5
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
In this chapter, it describes findings on a literature review of the project.
Overall, it covers related research from band pass filter, dual-band band pass filter,
tri-band band pass filter, multi-band band pass filter and DMS. The chapter starts
with the basic theory and fundamental of the filter. The basic understanding of the
parameters and the basics of microwave filter must be clearly made before
continuing on understanding the project. The most important part of this chapter is
emphasizing literature on different technique designing band-pass filter.
2.1
Band pass filter
Band pass filters play a significant role in wireless communication systems.
Transmitted and received signals have to be filtered at a certain center frequency
with a specific bandwidth. Figure 2.1 illustrates the basic bandpass filter frequency
response. A band pass filter is an important component must be found in the
transmitter and receiver. Band pass filter is a passive component which is able to
select signals inside a specific bandwidth at a certain center frequency and reject
signals in another frequency region, especially in frequency regions, which have the
potential to interfere the information signals [4].
6
Figure 2.1: Frequency response of band pass filter.
2.2
Planar microstrip band pass filter
Microstrip line is one of the most popular types of planar transmission lines
primarily because it can be fabricated by photolithography processes and is easily
miniaturized and integrated with both passive and active microwave devices. Figure
2.2 shows the example of planar microstrip band pass filter. The planar transmission
line is a transmission line with conducting metal strips that lie entirely in parallel
planes. The most common structure has one or more parallel metal strips placed on a
dielectric substrate over a conducting ground plane. All the active devices and all the
interconnecting lines, impedance-matching elements, capacitors, inductors and
resistors are fabricated on the planes [5].
Figure 2.2: Example of planar microstrip band pass filter.
7
2.3
Multi-band band pass filter
Multi-band band pass filter is the filter which has three desired frequency
bands by introducing notched responses as illustrated in Figure 2.3. The notched
responses will remove the unwanted frequency bands and introduce the desired
frequency bands for multiple wireless communication applications.
Figure 2.3: Notched responses introduced to remove unwanted frequency range.
2.4
Notched responses
Design Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS) is one of the ways to introduce
notched responses. DMS structure is made by etching a little slot over the microstrip
as shown in Figure 2.4. It is based on the changed in impedance (inductance and
capacitance) in microstrip with slotted planes. DMS will produce a narrow
bandwidth and sharp rejection at a specific frequency. It can also be represented by
the single parallel RLC [2].
8
Figure 2.4: DMS structure on the microstrip.
2.5
Related research
In order to implement this project, findings and researches about the bandpass
filter have been done and tabulated as shown in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1: The information on related research papers.
[No]
Filter Researcher(s)
Freq
Insertio
Return
Substra
/Year
(GH
n loss,
loss,
te/diele
z)
S21(dB)
S11(dB)
ctric
Method
constan
t
[6]
Dual
J. Lee and Y. 2.4,
band/ Lim
1.4, 1.3
5.2
14.1,
Taconic
22.3
RF-
2011
35A/3.
5
Interdigital
capacitor loop
step
impedance
resonator and
short circuit
stub loaded
resonator
[7]
Dual
H.W.
band/ Z.C.
2010
Liu, 1.57,
Zhang, 2.4
S.Wang,
1.551.63
>15
-/4.5
F-shaped
spurline
embedded
9
[8]
Dual
L.Zhu,X.H.G
into uniform
uan,J.S.Lim
impedance
and D. Ahn
resonator
M.T.
Doan, 2.4,
band/ W.Q.
Che 5.2
um
loaded half
2012
W.J.
0.85
wavelength
and
Minim
>20
-/4.4
Feng
[9]
Tri
resonator
A.M.
band/ Elelimy,
2012
Short-stub
A.M.
0.9,
0.85,
10.8,
Roger
Cross coupled
2.45,
1.12,
18.14,
RT/Dur
resonators to
1.16
16.25
oid
produce tri-
6010
section step
Teflon/
impedance
10.5
resonator
-
Cascade
El- 3.5
Tager,
A.G.
Sobih
and
M.H. AbdelAzeem
[10]
Tripl
C.Y.Lin,
2.4,
e
W.T.Li,
3.5,
grounded
5.2
active
band/ C.P.Liang
2011
-
>10
and
inductor
S.J.Chung
circuit
topology
[11]
Tri-
Z.B.Wang,
6.42,
15.7,
band/ F.Nasri,
10.7,
2011
14.9
C.W.Park
-
Duroid
Interdigital
31.7,
5880/2.
hairpin finger
30.1
2
structure
8
[12]
Tripl
J.P.Wang,
5.2,
e
J.D.Zhao,
band/ J.L. Li
>15