Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs

holistic approach to motivation, repeatedly pointing out that whole person, not any single part of function, is motivated. Second, motivation is usually complex; it means that person’s behavior may appear from separate motives. Third assumption is that people are continually motivated by one need or another. When one need has been satisfied, then it will lose its motivational power and will be replaced by another need. Next assumption is that all people everywhere are motivated by the same basic needs. Needs for food, safety and friendship are common to the entire species. The last assumption is that needs can be arranged on a hierarchy. 23 Conversely, if the things that satisfy our lower order needs are swept away, we are no longer concerned about the maintenance of our higher order needs. According to Maslow, there are five levels of hierarchy of needs; there are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs love and belonging, esteem needs and self-actualization needs. Physiological, security, social, and esteem needs are deficiency needs also known as D-needs, meaning that these needs arise due to deprivation. Satisfying these lower-level needs is important in order to avoid unpleasant feelings or consequences. Maslow termed the highest-level of the pyramid as growth needs also known as being needs or B- needs. Growth needs do not stem from a lack of something, but rather from a desire to grow as a person. 24 23 Jess Feist Gregory J. Feist,Theories of Personality, fifth edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002, p. 497. 24 Kendra Cherry, “Hierarchy of Needs, The Five Levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”, www.About.comHierarchy-of-needs.htm accessed on 22nd October 2014 Maslows hierarchy of needs represented as a pyramid 25 1. Physiological Needs The first level of Hierarchy consists of physiological needs. It is the collection of needs which are urgency because it relates with maintenance of biology and life. Physiological needs consists of the needs of water oxygen, and active; taking a rest, constant body temperature, sex and sensory stimulus. This need is really urgency so the need will be given precedence for satisfaction by individual. If physiological need is not satisfied then the individual will not gain the higher needs. 26 25 Alan Chapman, Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, 2001, http:www.businessballs.commaslow.htm accessed on 27th October 2014 26 Jess Feist Gregory J. Feist, 2002, op. cit, p. 119 Physiological needs is differ from other needs in at least two important respects. First, they are the only needs that can be completely satisfied even overly satisfied. 27 2. Safety Needs Safety needs will appear when physiological needs are fully satisfied. Safety needs are including physical security, stability, dependency, protection and freedom from such threatening forces as illness, fear, anxiety, danger and chaos. 28 Safety needs dominate our behavior primarily in times of emergency. Maslow, however, felt that working of the safety needs can also be seen in people’s preference for familiar surroundings, secure jobs, savings accounts, and insurance. Safety needs are most evident in your children, as shown when an infant cries if it is dropped suddenly, is started by a loud sound, or a stranger enters the room. 29 This needs also appear in adult but in other way. The way of adult to get insurance for their work of get fancy salary is the example of the safety needs in adult. 30 3. Love and Belonging Needs If both the physiological and the safety needs are fairly well gratified, there will emerge the love and affection and belongingness needs, and the whole cycle already described will repeat itself with this 27 Ibid p. 498 28 Jess Feist Gregory J. Feist, 2002, loc. cit. 29 Herbert L. Petri,Motivtation: Theory and Research California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2003, p. 290 30 Jess Feist Gregory J. Feist, 2002, op. cit, p. 122 new center. 31 Then, they become unimportant in the direction of behavior, and the love or belongingness needs emerge. These needs involve a hunger for affectionate relationship with other, a need to feel part of a group, or a feeling that one “belong”. The love needs are not equivalent to sexual needs which are physiological, though sexual intimacy can serve to satisfy one’s need to belong. 32 Maslow argue that individuals seek to overcome feelings of loneliness and alienation. This involves both giving and receiving love, affection and the sense of belonging. 4. Esteem Needs If the love need have been adequately met, they too slip into the background in relation to guiding behavior, and the esteem needs become dominant. These are need for a positive, high evaluation of oneself. This evaluation can be broken down into two subcategories – a need for self- esteem and a need for esteem from other. 33 The need for self-esteem motivates the individual to strive for achievement, strength, confidence, independence, and freedom. The need for self-esteem seems to have at its core the desire to feel worthwhile and appears highly similar to Roger’s concept of positive regard 34 . The related need of esteem from others involves a desire for reputation, status, 31 C. George Boeree, Personality Theories. http:webspace.ship.educgboermaslow.html Accessed on 27th October, 2014 32 Herbert L. Petri 2003, loc. Cit. 33 Ibid. 34 Accepting and respecting others as they are without judgment or evaluation. This is different from unconditional love; unconditional positive regard does not require love or affection - it simply refers to acceptance of others whether you like them or not. Unconditional positive regard can be misunderstood as being nice, pleasant, or agreeable with others; however, unconditional positive regard is not an action towards others. Rather, its more like a feeling or mindset. recognition, appreciation by others of one’s abilities and a feeling of importance. 35 People need knowledge that they were well known and well assessed by others 5. Self-Actualization Needs When one has satisfied the first four level of need, the final level of development, which Maslow termed self-actualization, can be reached. At the self-actualization level, the person’s behavior is motivated by different conditions than at the lower level. 36 It means, in this level, the person is in the peak of hisher hierarchy needs. The self-actualized individual has satisfied all the deprivation needs of the first four levels of the hierarchy. The behavior of the self- actualized person is, as a result, motivated by new set of needs, which Maslow termed the being needs B-motivation, or metamotivation. These B-motives are values such as truth, honesty, beauty, and goodness, and they provide meaning to the life of the self-actualized individual. 37 The clear emergence of these needs usually rest upon some prior satisfaction of the physiological, safety, love and esteem needs. 38 Maslow doesn’t think that self-actualizers are perfect, of course. There were several flaws or imperfections he discovered along the way as well: First, they often suffered considerable anxiety and guilt -- but realistic anxiety and guilt, rather than misplaced or neurotic versions. 35 Ibid. p. 291 36 Ibid. 37 Ibid. 38 C. George Boeree, 2006, loc. Cit. Some of them were absentminded and overly kind. And finally, some of them had unexpected moments of ruthlessness, surgical coldness, and loss of humor. Two other points he makes about these self-actualizers: Their values were natural and seemed to flow effortlessly from their personalities. And they appeared to transcend many of the dichotomies others accept as being undeniable, such as the differences between the spiritual and the physical, the selfish and the unselfish, and the masculine and the feminine. 39 39 C. George Boeree, 2006, loc. Cit.

CHAPTER III DATA ANALYSIS

1. Character Analysis

In this analysis, the writer would like to explain and describes about the characteristics of Ralph as one of the main characters in Wreck-It Ralph film. The story tells us about Ralph, the guy with short brown hair who always wears an orange t-shirt, a brown jumper and never wears any footwear. He works as a wrecker in a video game named “Felix Fix-It”. In this film, Ralph was really described as a villain in the cartoon characters generally. He has a big body like a giant. He is nine feet tall and 643 pounds weight. Because his job is a wrecker, he was depicted as a temperamental person in this story. Ralph : “My name’s Ralph, and I’m a Bad Guy. I’m 9 feet tall. I weigh 643 pounds. Got a little bit of a temper on me. You know, my passions bubble very near the surface, not gonna lie.” 00:49 – 01:07 Because he has a creepy appearance and his occupation is a wrecker, some people dislike him and frightened of him. Like it is said before, Ralph is temperamental person. For example, when he realized that he was not invited to celebrate the 30 th anniversary of “Felix Fix-it”, Ralph came furiously to the party because their friend invited Pac who came from another game while Ralph, the member of that game, was not invited. 20 Ralph : “Pac-Man They invited Pac-Man? That cherry-chasing, dot-muncher isn’t even part of this game” And then, Ralph became more upset when he saw the birthday cake. He was disappointed with his friends because his friends put the statue of Ralph under the penthouse cake. So Ralph became angrier and destroyed the cake. Moreover, Ralph is an impatient person. And because of his impatience he can harm other people. When Ralph was in Hero’s Duty Game, Ralph was impatient to get the medal. A person who could get the medal is the winner of the game and follows the rules. But Ralph was against the program and forced to climb the building and enter the secret room where the medal was placed. Like was told before the impatient may cause a damage, Ralph messed up the game. He cracked the harmful Cybugs’ eggs, the enemy of the soldier of Hero’s Duty and the game was really mess. Because of his big body, Ralph is often wrecks any stuff. He often loses his control every time he moved so he always messes up in everywhere he is and wrecks everything. When Ralph was in the King Candy’s castle he wrecked the well to run away from the guardians but actually he could run out through the door. Then, when he helped Vanellope to make a new cart, he messed the manufactory because of his big body. Ralph destroyed all the machines. Besides that, Ralph is also depicted as a kind person. He has a high awareness of other persons. Ralph cares about his friends who were being homeless. One day, Ralph met his friend, Q-bert, who was homeless because his game was out of order or unplug. He was starving and begging people around to help him and his homeless friends. Seeing his friends, Ralph wholeheartedly shared his fruit that he got in “Pac-Man” house. Ralph: “Here you go buddy. It’s fresh. Straight from Pac-Man’s. Hang in there guys.” 08:53 – 09.00 Not only that, Ralph also cares about his friends who does not have job anymore. Ralph asked the homeless characters to help him in the bonus level so they get a job again. And then he had an initiate to build a house for Q-bert. Ralph: “Oh, and I decided that living in a dump wasn’t making me feel very good about myself. So I cleaned it up. Built houses for our new co-workers, too-- well, with a little help from Felix.” Then, he also often helps people around him. Ralph has been a hero for Vanellope, the little girl racer of Sugar Rush game. Vanellope is a glitch of her program. To bring her back like before, she had to join the race and passed the finish line. But, many people hate Vanellope and did not want her to join the race. One time, Vanellope was bullied by her friends. They destroyed her kart. When Ralph saw this, he did not bear and went out frightening Vanellope’s friends in order to make them run away from her. Ralph and Vanellope went to the Kart Bakery, a manufactory where people could make a kart by themselves. There, Ralph helped Vanellope to make a new kart for her