AN ANALYSIS OF NINA SAYERS STRUGGLE TO GET HER AMBITION IN “BLACK SWAN” FILM
AN ANALYSIS OF NINA SAYERS STRUGGLE TO GET HER
AMBITION IN “BLACK SWAN” FILM
THESIS
By:
ELSE MAYA IRFAYANTI
ENGLISH DEPARMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY MUHAMMADIYAH OF MALANG
NOVEMBER 2013
AN ANALYSIS OF NINA SAYERS STRUGGLE TO GET HER
AMBITION IN “BLACK SWAN” FILM
THESIS
By:
ELSE MAYA IRFAYANTI
09360193
ENGLISH DEPARMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY MUHAMMADIYAH OF MALANG
NOVEMBER 2013
AN ANALYSIS OF NINA SAYERS STRUGGLE TO GET HER
AMBITION IN “BLACK SWAN” FILM
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achive
Sarjana Degree in English Deparment
Faculty of Teacher Training
and Education
By:
ELSE MAYA IRFAYANTI
09360193
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY MUHAMMADIYAH OF MALANG
NOVEMBER 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................
ii
LEGALIZATION ...........................................................................................
iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION........................................................................
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..............................................................................
v
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................
viii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study .................................................
1
1.2. Statement of the Problem ................................................
3
1.3. Purpose of the Study .......................................................
3
1.4. Significance of the Study.................................................
3
1.5. Scope and Limitation ......................................................
4
1.6. Definition of Key Terms .................................................
4
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1. Literature ........................................................................
5
2.2. Film ................................................................................
6
2.3. Kinds of Film ..................................................................
7
1. Love Story Film ..........................................................
7
2. Horror Film .................................................................
7
3. Modern Epic Film .......................................................
7
4. Western Film ..............................................................
8
5. War Genre Film ..........................................................
8
6. Maturation Plot Film ...................................................
8
7. Redemption Plot Film .................................................
8
8. Punitive Plot Film .......................................................
8
9. Testing Plot Film .........................................................
9
10. Education Plot Film ...................................................
9
11. Disillusionment Plot Film ..........................................
9
12. Comedy Film ................................................................. 9
13. Crime Film ..................................................................... 9
14. Social Drama Film ......................................................... 10
15. Action/Adventure Film ................................................... 10
16. Historical Drama Film .................................................... 10
17. Biography Film .............................................................. 10
18. Docu-Drama Film .......................................................... 11
19. Mockumentary Film ....................................................... 11
20. Musical Film .................................................................. 11
21. Science Fiction Film....................................................... 11
22. Sports Genre Film .......................................................... 11
23. Fantasy Film .................................................................. 12
24. Animation Film .............................................................. 12
25. Art Film ......................................................................... 12
2.4. The Element of Film .......................................................
12
2.4.1. Characterization ....................................................
13
2.4.2. Character ...............................................................
13
2.4.3. Theme ...................................................................
13
2.4.4. Motif .....................................................................
14
2.4.5. Symbol ..................................................................
14
2.4.6. Setting ...................................................................
14
2.4.7 Point of View .........................................................
14
2.4.8 Tone .......................................................................
15
2.4.9 Plot.........................................................................
15
2.4.10 Conflict ................................................................
17
2.5. Struggle ..........................................................................
15
2.6. Kinds of Struggle ............................................................
16
2.6.1. Struggle for Existence ..........................................
18
2.6.2. Struggle with Other Species...................................
18
2.6.3. Struggle with The Natural Conditions of Life .......
19
2.6.4 Struggles with Members .........................................
19
2.7. Ways of Struggle ............................................................
19
1. Physical Struggle .......................................................
19
2. Mental Struggle .........................................................
20
2.8. Effects of Struggle .........................................................
20
Negative Effects ..............................................................
20
1. Stress .........................................................................
20
2. Depression ................................................................
20
3. Fear ............................................................................
21
Positive Effects .............................................................
21
a. Motivation.................................................................
21
b. Independence ............................................................
21
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Research Design..............................................................
22
3.2. Approach ........................................................................
22
1. Objective Approach.....................................................
23
2. Mimetic Approach.......................................................
23
3. Expressive Approach ...................................................
23
4. Pragmatic Approach ....................................................
23
3.3. Object of Study ...............................................................
24
3.4. Research Instrument ........................................................
24
3.5. Data Collection ..............................................................
24
3.6. Data Analysis ..................................................................
25
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Research Findings ...........................................................
26
4.1.1. How Nina Sayers Struggled to Get Her Ambition ..
26
4.1.1.1 Nina Sayers Physical Struggles .................
27
4.1.1.2 Nina Sayers Mental Struggles ...................
30
4.1.2. The Effects of Nina Sayers’s Struggles . ................
31
4.1.2.1. Negative Effect of Nina Sayers’s Struggle . . 31
4.1.2.2. Positive Effect of Nina Sayers’s Struggle .. ….32
4.2. Discussion.......................................................................
38
4.3. Lessons ...........................................................................
40
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion ........................................................................
41
5.2. Suggestion ........................................................................
42
REFERENCES
APPENDIXES
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
Struggle is the Part of Life
Think big, feel strong, and
Pray for deep heart
(Ariyanto Ibrahim)
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
My Lord Allah SWT and Prophet Muhammad SAW,
My beloved Parents Yeni and Puryanto,
My heart Andre,
All my friends in the world
REFFERERNCES
Ade,O.I. 2008. Elements of film. Lagos: National Open University of
Nigeria.
APA (in Dewi). 2009. Analysis of The Main Character’s Struugle in
“Kramer vs Kramer” Novel By Avery Corman. Unpublished: University of
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Ary, Donald. 2006. Introduction to Research in Education, Seventh Edition. New
York: Thomson Wadsworth.
Bacon (in Isaura). 2012. An Analysis of Ishaan Aswathi’s Struggle to Heal His
Language Disorder in Amole Gupte’s Film “Like Stars on Earth”.
Unpublished: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
David (in Happy) 2007. An Analysis of Grenouille’s Struggle to Get His Ambition
in
Film Perfume “The Story of a Murderer”. Unpublished: University of
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Diyanni, Robert. 2002. Literature; Reading fiction, poetry, and Drama. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Golden, John. 2011. Film in The Classroom: A Guide for Teachers. English:
Masterpiece
Kennedy, X.J. 1983. Literature; an introduction of fiction, poetry, and drama.
Boston: Little, Brown and Company
Meyer, Michael. 1990. The Bedford Introduction to Literature, Second Edition.
New York: Bedford Book of Saint Martin’s Press.
Schmidt, J.Z and Carley, R. B. 2006. Legacies; Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction,
Third Edition. United States: Thomson Wadsworth.
Macmillan. 1987. Understanding Literature. California: Macmillan Publishing
Company,
a division of Macmillan, Inc.
http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~mmagouli/literary_analysis.htm (online)
(Downloaded on Mei 2013)
http://people.ucalgary.ca/~rseiler/film.htm (online)
(Downloaded on Mei 2013)
http://www.kenboa.org.downloads/pdf.filmgenreand subgenre.pdf (online)
(Downloaded on April 2013)
http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/motif-41 (online)
(Downloaded on July 2013)
http://www.brainyquote.com/words/st/struggle224910.html (online)
(Downloaded on September 2013)
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter the writer describesthe background of study, statements of the
problem, purposes of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and
definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
Since many centuries,literaturehas become the media or a tool of people to
express their mind, idea, emotion, experience, and anything that happens in human
life.
Literature also hasrelationship withhuman beings, and they involve each other
because literature is created by people and the content isabout social reality
happened.The social reality may be about happiness, sadness, problems, disaster, and
etc.
According to X.J Kennedy (1983:V), literature is a kind of art, usually written,
that offers pleasure and illumination. It means that literature is something that
contains art and mostly written with aim to entertain. Some examples of literature
include: poem, novel, song, drama,etc. They arewritten using certain words in order
to be looked and heard beautifully, it is also made in the form of sentences with
elegant language and has pleasant feeling of humanity.
There are some literary works which can be elaborated into deep analysis. Based
on Ade (2008)there are three kinds of literature; they are drama, poetry, and prose.
1
Meyer (1990:11) stated that, reading literary works responsively canbe an intensively
demanding activity. Furthermore, by reading literary works,people can observe,
analyze or consider whether the actions, which have been done by characters in the
stories can be observed, analyzed, and considered or not.
One of literary works is drama. Macmillan (1987) pointed out that drama is a
play, a story meant to be performed for an audience. Drama is one of literary
workspresented by dialogue, actor, actresses, etc, presented in stage and watched by
audience.
Ade (2008:34) stated that drama involves some components which no informed
examination can overlook. These components are action, dialogue, and conflict.
Drama brings all these together to make a meaningful whole. It means thatdrama is an
exiciting world, one in which there is entertainment and the portrayal of a variety of
character traits, also engages many issues bordering on our religious, social, political
and economic experiences. Drama is almost the same asfilm, becausefilm also
contains dialogue, setting, story, plot, and etc.
Schmidt (2006:1418) stated that films like drama, require conventions. It means
that all of component in film must be fulfilled to make a performance looked perfect,
in order to entertain and arouse the emotion of viewers.
Film is a part of drama, included one of literary works. Film contains many moral
values, lessons, messages, etc. The viewer also can take and learn many valuable
things from the film, because film often takes stories based on real problem in daily
life.The researcher is interested in studying “Black Swan” film because in“Black
Swan” film directed by Daren Aronofsky in 2010can we takemany lessons, one
2
ofwhich isthe struggle to reach something we want. This film contains many struggle
faced by Natalie Portman as Nina Sayers who become themain character, where Nina
Sayers struggled to get her ambition to become the great ballerina usually called
“Swan Queen” in her dance company. Considering the background above, the
researcher wants to conduct a literary study with title “A study on Nina Sayers’s
Struggle to Get Her Ambition in “Black Swan” Film. in which we can take some
lessons about an event, especially when we do a struggle. Struggle is a good way to
reach something but we also shouldknow the effects of our struggle in order to be
more careful to do the struggle itself.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1. What kinds of Nina Sayers struggle to get her ambition?
2. What were the effects of her struggle?
1.3 Purposes of the Study
1. To describe kinds of Nina Sayers struggled to get her ambition.
2. To know what effects of her struggle.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This study is expected to give knowledge about human beings so that when the
readers face the same situation as described in the story they will know what to do.
This study is also expected to enrich the study about literature, especially the study of
film. It may also be used as a source or reference for the students and lectures of
3
English department if they are interested in learningor analyzing literary work
especially film.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study is the analysis of “Black Swan” film and the limitation
isonNina Sayers’s struggle.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
a. Analysis is a method by which a thing is separated into parts, and those parts
are given rigorous, logical, detailed scrutiny, resulting in a consistent and
relatively complete account of the elements of the thing and the principles of
their organization. (Hugh Holman, 1986:20). In
(http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~mmagouli/literary_analysis.htm
accesed at 11.21 a.m on 04-05-2013)
b. Struggle is to experience difficulty and make a very great effort in order to do
something (Cambridge Dictionaries Online).
c. Ambition is the desire or determination to be successful, rich, powerful, etc.
d. Film is by definition the art of illusion: this means that in varying degrees a
film obliterates the audience’s sense of place, and sense of time.
(http://people.ucalgary.ca/~rseiler/film.htm accessed at 19.32 pm on19-052013)
e. Black Swan is a 2010 American psychological thriller directed by Daren
Aronofsky.
4
AMBITION IN “BLACK SWAN” FILM
THESIS
By:
ELSE MAYA IRFAYANTI
ENGLISH DEPARMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY MUHAMMADIYAH OF MALANG
NOVEMBER 2013
AN ANALYSIS OF NINA SAYERS STRUGGLE TO GET HER
AMBITION IN “BLACK SWAN” FILM
THESIS
By:
ELSE MAYA IRFAYANTI
09360193
ENGLISH DEPARMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY MUHAMMADIYAH OF MALANG
NOVEMBER 2013
AN ANALYSIS OF NINA SAYERS STRUGGLE TO GET HER
AMBITION IN “BLACK SWAN” FILM
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achive
Sarjana Degree in English Deparment
Faculty of Teacher Training
and Education
By:
ELSE MAYA IRFAYANTI
09360193
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY MUHAMMADIYAH OF MALANG
NOVEMBER 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................
ii
LEGALIZATION ...........................................................................................
iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION........................................................................
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..............................................................................
v
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................
viii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study .................................................
1
1.2. Statement of the Problem ................................................
3
1.3. Purpose of the Study .......................................................
3
1.4. Significance of the Study.................................................
3
1.5. Scope and Limitation ......................................................
4
1.6. Definition of Key Terms .................................................
4
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1. Literature ........................................................................
5
2.2. Film ................................................................................
6
2.3. Kinds of Film ..................................................................
7
1. Love Story Film ..........................................................
7
2. Horror Film .................................................................
7
3. Modern Epic Film .......................................................
7
4. Western Film ..............................................................
8
5. War Genre Film ..........................................................
8
6. Maturation Plot Film ...................................................
8
7. Redemption Plot Film .................................................
8
8. Punitive Plot Film .......................................................
8
9. Testing Plot Film .........................................................
9
10. Education Plot Film ...................................................
9
11. Disillusionment Plot Film ..........................................
9
12. Comedy Film ................................................................. 9
13. Crime Film ..................................................................... 9
14. Social Drama Film ......................................................... 10
15. Action/Adventure Film ................................................... 10
16. Historical Drama Film .................................................... 10
17. Biography Film .............................................................. 10
18. Docu-Drama Film .......................................................... 11
19. Mockumentary Film ....................................................... 11
20. Musical Film .................................................................. 11
21. Science Fiction Film....................................................... 11
22. Sports Genre Film .......................................................... 11
23. Fantasy Film .................................................................. 12
24. Animation Film .............................................................. 12
25. Art Film ......................................................................... 12
2.4. The Element of Film .......................................................
12
2.4.1. Characterization ....................................................
13
2.4.2. Character ...............................................................
13
2.4.3. Theme ...................................................................
13
2.4.4. Motif .....................................................................
14
2.4.5. Symbol ..................................................................
14
2.4.6. Setting ...................................................................
14
2.4.7 Point of View .........................................................
14
2.4.8 Tone .......................................................................
15
2.4.9 Plot.........................................................................
15
2.4.10 Conflict ................................................................
17
2.5. Struggle ..........................................................................
15
2.6. Kinds of Struggle ............................................................
16
2.6.1. Struggle for Existence ..........................................
18
2.6.2. Struggle with Other Species...................................
18
2.6.3. Struggle with The Natural Conditions of Life .......
19
2.6.4 Struggles with Members .........................................
19
2.7. Ways of Struggle ............................................................
19
1. Physical Struggle .......................................................
19
2. Mental Struggle .........................................................
20
2.8. Effects of Struggle .........................................................
20
Negative Effects ..............................................................
20
1. Stress .........................................................................
20
2. Depression ................................................................
20
3. Fear ............................................................................
21
Positive Effects .............................................................
21
a. Motivation.................................................................
21
b. Independence ............................................................
21
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Research Design..............................................................
22
3.2. Approach ........................................................................
22
1. Objective Approach.....................................................
23
2. Mimetic Approach.......................................................
23
3. Expressive Approach ...................................................
23
4. Pragmatic Approach ....................................................
23
3.3. Object of Study ...............................................................
24
3.4. Research Instrument ........................................................
24
3.5. Data Collection ..............................................................
24
3.6. Data Analysis ..................................................................
25
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Research Findings ...........................................................
26
4.1.1. How Nina Sayers Struggled to Get Her Ambition ..
26
4.1.1.1 Nina Sayers Physical Struggles .................
27
4.1.1.2 Nina Sayers Mental Struggles ...................
30
4.1.2. The Effects of Nina Sayers’s Struggles . ................
31
4.1.2.1. Negative Effect of Nina Sayers’s Struggle . . 31
4.1.2.2. Positive Effect of Nina Sayers’s Struggle .. ….32
4.2. Discussion.......................................................................
38
4.3. Lessons ...........................................................................
40
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION
5.1. Conclusion ........................................................................
41
5.2. Suggestion ........................................................................
42
REFERENCES
APPENDIXES
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
Struggle is the Part of Life
Think big, feel strong, and
Pray for deep heart
(Ariyanto Ibrahim)
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
My Lord Allah SWT and Prophet Muhammad SAW,
My beloved Parents Yeni and Puryanto,
My heart Andre,
All my friends in the world
REFFERERNCES
Ade,O.I. 2008. Elements of film. Lagos: National Open University of
Nigeria.
APA (in Dewi). 2009. Analysis of The Main Character’s Struugle in
“Kramer vs Kramer” Novel By Avery Corman. Unpublished: University of
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Ary, Donald. 2006. Introduction to Research in Education, Seventh Edition. New
York: Thomson Wadsworth.
Bacon (in Isaura). 2012. An Analysis of Ishaan Aswathi’s Struggle to Heal His
Language Disorder in Amole Gupte’s Film “Like Stars on Earth”.
Unpublished: University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
David (in Happy) 2007. An Analysis of Grenouille’s Struggle to Get His Ambition
in
Film Perfume “The Story of a Murderer”. Unpublished: University of
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Diyanni, Robert. 2002. Literature; Reading fiction, poetry, and Drama. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Golden, John. 2011. Film in The Classroom: A Guide for Teachers. English:
Masterpiece
Kennedy, X.J. 1983. Literature; an introduction of fiction, poetry, and drama.
Boston: Little, Brown and Company
Meyer, Michael. 1990. The Bedford Introduction to Literature, Second Edition.
New York: Bedford Book of Saint Martin’s Press.
Schmidt, J.Z and Carley, R. B. 2006. Legacies; Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction,
Third Edition. United States: Thomson Wadsworth.
Macmillan. 1987. Understanding Literature. California: Macmillan Publishing
Company,
a division of Macmillan, Inc.
http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~mmagouli/literary_analysis.htm (online)
(Downloaded on Mei 2013)
http://people.ucalgary.ca/~rseiler/film.htm (online)
(Downloaded on Mei 2013)
http://www.kenboa.org.downloads/pdf.filmgenreand subgenre.pdf (online)
(Downloaded on April 2013)
http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/motif-41 (online)
(Downloaded on July 2013)
http://www.brainyquote.com/words/st/struggle224910.html (online)
(Downloaded on September 2013)
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter the writer describesthe background of study, statements of the
problem, purposes of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and
definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
Since many centuries,literaturehas become the media or a tool of people to
express their mind, idea, emotion, experience, and anything that happens in human
life.
Literature also hasrelationship withhuman beings, and they involve each other
because literature is created by people and the content isabout social reality
happened.The social reality may be about happiness, sadness, problems, disaster, and
etc.
According to X.J Kennedy (1983:V), literature is a kind of art, usually written,
that offers pleasure and illumination. It means that literature is something that
contains art and mostly written with aim to entertain. Some examples of literature
include: poem, novel, song, drama,etc. They arewritten using certain words in order
to be looked and heard beautifully, it is also made in the form of sentences with
elegant language and has pleasant feeling of humanity.
There are some literary works which can be elaborated into deep analysis. Based
on Ade (2008)there are three kinds of literature; they are drama, poetry, and prose.
1
Meyer (1990:11) stated that, reading literary works responsively canbe an intensively
demanding activity. Furthermore, by reading literary works,people can observe,
analyze or consider whether the actions, which have been done by characters in the
stories can be observed, analyzed, and considered or not.
One of literary works is drama. Macmillan (1987) pointed out that drama is a
play, a story meant to be performed for an audience. Drama is one of literary
workspresented by dialogue, actor, actresses, etc, presented in stage and watched by
audience.
Ade (2008:34) stated that drama involves some components which no informed
examination can overlook. These components are action, dialogue, and conflict.
Drama brings all these together to make a meaningful whole. It means thatdrama is an
exiciting world, one in which there is entertainment and the portrayal of a variety of
character traits, also engages many issues bordering on our religious, social, political
and economic experiences. Drama is almost the same asfilm, becausefilm also
contains dialogue, setting, story, plot, and etc.
Schmidt (2006:1418) stated that films like drama, require conventions. It means
that all of component in film must be fulfilled to make a performance looked perfect,
in order to entertain and arouse the emotion of viewers.
Film is a part of drama, included one of literary works. Film contains many moral
values, lessons, messages, etc. The viewer also can take and learn many valuable
things from the film, because film often takes stories based on real problem in daily
life.The researcher is interested in studying “Black Swan” film because in“Black
Swan” film directed by Daren Aronofsky in 2010can we takemany lessons, one
2
ofwhich isthe struggle to reach something we want. This film contains many struggle
faced by Natalie Portman as Nina Sayers who become themain character, where Nina
Sayers struggled to get her ambition to become the great ballerina usually called
“Swan Queen” in her dance company. Considering the background above, the
researcher wants to conduct a literary study with title “A study on Nina Sayers’s
Struggle to Get Her Ambition in “Black Swan” Film. in which we can take some
lessons about an event, especially when we do a struggle. Struggle is a good way to
reach something but we also shouldknow the effects of our struggle in order to be
more careful to do the struggle itself.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1. What kinds of Nina Sayers struggle to get her ambition?
2. What were the effects of her struggle?
1.3 Purposes of the Study
1. To describe kinds of Nina Sayers struggled to get her ambition.
2. To know what effects of her struggle.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This study is expected to give knowledge about human beings so that when the
readers face the same situation as described in the story they will know what to do.
This study is also expected to enrich the study about literature, especially the study of
film. It may also be used as a source or reference for the students and lectures of
3
English department if they are interested in learningor analyzing literary work
especially film.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study is the analysis of “Black Swan” film and the limitation
isonNina Sayers’s struggle.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
a. Analysis is a method by which a thing is separated into parts, and those parts
are given rigorous, logical, detailed scrutiny, resulting in a consistent and
relatively complete account of the elements of the thing and the principles of
their organization. (Hugh Holman, 1986:20). In
(http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~mmagouli/literary_analysis.htm
accesed at 11.21 a.m on 04-05-2013)
b. Struggle is to experience difficulty and make a very great effort in order to do
something (Cambridge Dictionaries Online).
c. Ambition is the desire or determination to be successful, rich, powerful, etc.
d. Film is by definition the art of illusion: this means that in varying degrees a
film obliterates the audience’s sense of place, and sense of time.
(http://people.ucalgary.ca/~rseiler/film.htm accessed at 19.32 pm on19-052013)
e. Black Swan is a 2010 American psychological thriller directed by Daren
Aronofsky.
4