SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION REFLECTED IN VERONICA ROTH’S DIVERGENT (2011): MARXIST THEORY Social Discrimination Reflected in Veronica Roth’s Divergent (2011): Marxist Theory.
SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION REFLECTED IN VERONICA
ROTH’S DIVERGENT (2011): MARXIST THEORY
Research Ppaer Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department
By
ZAHRUL ANAM
A3201201200
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
i
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
To move forward, we have to leave something behind.
“Newton's Third Law”
Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most certain way to succeed is always
to try just one more time.
“Thomas A. Edison”
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is proudly dedicated to:
My beloved mother and father
My lovely brothers
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokaatuh.
All praises is always for the God Almighty, Allah SWT who always give us
wonderful mercy and bless to complete this research paper entitled “Social
Discrimination Reflected in Veronica Roth’s Divergent (2011): Marxist Theory”.
Peace and mercy is always for our prophet Muhammad SAW who guides us from the
darkness to the lightness.
The researcher realizes that many people had given their hand for suggestion
and help for finishing this research paper. He is thankful to everyone who deserves to
receive and appreciation to the following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., as the Dean of School of Teacher
Training and Education Faculty in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat S.Pd., M.Hum., Ph.D. as the Head of English
Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
3. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed., Phil. Dr. as the consultant who has
guided the researcher,
4. Agus Wijayanto Drs., M.A., Ph.D. as the academic consultant,
5. All the lecturers of English Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
for the more knowledge that have shared to him,
6. His beloved and best parents, Mr. Syamsul Hadi and Mrs. Hidayah who always
give love, care, motivation, and everything to him, thanks for your endless pray,
7. His brothers, Nurul Anam, and Badrul Anam, thanks for support and effort to
make him always smile and happy,
8. His big family who always give support to him,
9. His friends Adit Rosin Sensei, Nanik Wijayanti, Dewi Setyowati, Rifki Adhin
Sensei, who has given consultation and help so much, so the researcher can
finish this research paper.
vii
10. His closest friends, Wisnu Yuli, Satrio Nur Wijaya, Zulfikar Yusuf, Risal
Yaniardi, Bagas Andika, Irfan Rejiansyah, Ali Sofyan, Agung Andrianto, thanks
for the solidarity, and a jokes that makes he always laugh.
11. His girlfriend, Anindya Fara also known as Tandon, thanks a lot of your prayer,
spirit, togetherness, motivation and support. Thanks for everything.
12. His friends in Department of English Education Class E, thanks for the
experiences during our togetherness,
13. All people who cannot be mentioned one by one here.
Thank you for unforgotten contribution during the research paper writing
process.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokaatuh.
Surakarta, 13 October 2016
Zahrul Anam
A320120200
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ........................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL .............................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .........................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ............................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .....................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...........................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................
ix
ABSTRAK........................................................................................ .........
xii
ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...........................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ..............................................
1
B. Literature Review .........................................................
7
C. Problem Statement .......................................................
9
D. Limitation of the Study.................................................
10
E. Objective of the Study ..................................................
10
F. Benefit of the Study ......................................................
10
G. Research Method ..........................................................
10
H. Research Organization... ..............................................
12
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY .............................................
13
A. Notion of Marxist Theory.............................................
13
B. Major Principle of Marxism Theory ............................
13
1.
Dialectical Materialism .........................................
14
2.
Historical Materialism ...........................................
14
3.
Class Struggle ........................................................
14
ix
CHAPTER
4. Alienation………………………………………...
15
5. Revolution……………………………………….
15
C. The Notion of Social Discrimination ...........................
16
D. Structural element of the novel……………………….
17
a. Character and Characterizations………………....
17
b. Setting…………………………………………....
17
c. Plot……………………………………………....
18
d. Point of View…………………………………....
18
e. Style…………………………………………….. .
18
f. Theme…………………………………................
19
E. Theoretical Application………………………… ........
19
III:
SOCIAL
BACKGROUND
OF
AMERICA
st
IN
THE
BEGINNING OF THE 21 CENTURY ...................
20
A. Social Aspect ................................................................
20
B. Economic Aspect ..........................................................
21
C. Political Aspect.............................................................
22
D. Cultural Aspect .............................................................
23
E. Religious Aspect...........................................................
26
F. The life of the Author. ..................................................
27
CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS......................................
31
A. Structural Element ........................................................
31
1. Character and Characterization………………….
31
2. Setting……………………………………………
38
3. Plot………………………………………………
43
4. Point of View ........................................................
49
5. Style………………………………………………
50
6. Theme……………………………………………
56
B. Discussion ....................................................................
57
x
CHAPTER V: MARXIST ANALYSIS ...................................................
60
A. Marxist Analysis...........................................................
60
1. Dialectical Materialism ..........................................
61
2. Historical Materialism ............................................
63
3. Alienation ...............................................................
69
4. Class Struggle .........................................................
72
5. Revolution...............................................................
74
B. Discussion ....................................................................
77
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .........................
79
A. Conclusion ....................................................................
79
B. Suggestion ....................................................................
80
C. Pedagogical Implication ...............................................
81
BIBLIOGRAPHY .....................................................................................
82
VIRTUAL REFERENCES ......................................................................
85
xi
Abstrak
Zahrul Anam, A320120200, Social Discrimination Reflected In Veronica Roth’s
Divergent (2011): Marxist Theory, Skripsi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Oktober 2016.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan diskriminasi sosial yang terjadi pada
novel The Divergent (2011) karya Veronica Roth. Novel The Divergent (2011)
dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Marxist. Analisis diselesaikan dengan mengacu
pada dua objek: pertama yaitu analisa yang berdasar elemen struktural, dan yang
kedua yaitu analisa mengenai sosial diskriminasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan
Marxist. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini
menggunakan dua sumber data. Yang pertama yaitu novel The Divergent (2011)
karya Veronica Roth sebagai sumber utama. Sumber data kedua diambil dari buku,
biografi penulis, jurnal, sumber internet yang berhubungan dengan penelitian. Dua
jenis data diperoleh melalui perpustakaan yang dianalisa menggunakan analisa
deskriptif. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut, peneliti menyimpulkan beberapa
kesimpulan. Pertama yaitu elemen struktural novel yang diperoleh melalui karakter
dan karakterisasi, seting tempat dan waktu, plot, sudut pandang, dan tema yang
terangkum menjadi satu sebagai cerita dalam novel. Kedua, yang berdasar pada
pendekatan Marxist dalam materialisme dialektis, sejarah materialisme, perjuangan
kelas, keterasingan, revolusi dan diskriminasi sosial yang tercermin pada karakter
utama dalam novel The Divergent (2011).
Kata kunci: sosial diskriminasi, elemen struktural novel, pendekatan Marxist
xii
Abstract
Zahrul Anam, A320120200, Social Discrimination Reflected In Veronica Roth’s
Divergent (2011): Marxist Theory, Research Paper, School of Teacher Training
and Education. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, October 2016
This study is aimed to reveal the discrimimation in The Divergent (2011) novel by
Veronica Roth. The Divergent (2011) novel is analyzed by using Marxist approach.
The analysis is done by determining two objects: the first is analyzing the novel
based on the structural elements, and the second is analyzing the problem of
discrimination by using Marxist approach. This research is a descriptive qualitative
research. There are two types of data sources. The source of primary data is
Veronica Roth’s The Divergent (2011) novel. The secondary data sources are from
books, biography of the author, journals, and internet sources related to the study.
The two kinds of data collected through library research and analyzed with
descriptive analysis. Based on the research, the researcher draws the following
conclusions. The first, the structural element of the novel described the character
and characterization, setting of place and time, plot, point of view, and theme. It
shapes into one unity in a novel story. The second, based on Marxist approach in
dialectical, historical, class struggle, alienation, revolution and the social
discrimination was revealed with other descriptions of Marxist the major character
reflected in The Divergent (2011) novel.
Keywords: social discrimination, structural elements of novel, Marxis approach
xiii
ROTH’S DIVERGENT (2011): MARXIST THEORY
Research Ppaer Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department
By
ZAHRUL ANAM
A3201201200
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2016
i
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
To move forward, we have to leave something behind.
“Newton's Third Law”
Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most certain way to succeed is always
to try just one more time.
“Thomas A. Edison”
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is proudly dedicated to:
My beloved mother and father
My lovely brothers
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokaatuh.
All praises is always for the God Almighty, Allah SWT who always give us
wonderful mercy and bless to complete this research paper entitled “Social
Discrimination Reflected in Veronica Roth’s Divergent (2011): Marxist Theory”.
Peace and mercy is always for our prophet Muhammad SAW who guides us from the
darkness to the lightness.
The researcher realizes that many people had given their hand for suggestion
and help for finishing this research paper. He is thankful to everyone who deserves to
receive and appreciation to the following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., as the Dean of School of Teacher
Training and Education Faculty in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat S.Pd., M.Hum., Ph.D. as the Head of English
Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
3. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed., Phil. Dr. as the consultant who has
guided the researcher,
4. Agus Wijayanto Drs., M.A., Ph.D. as the academic consultant,
5. All the lecturers of English Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
for the more knowledge that have shared to him,
6. His beloved and best parents, Mr. Syamsul Hadi and Mrs. Hidayah who always
give love, care, motivation, and everything to him, thanks for your endless pray,
7. His brothers, Nurul Anam, and Badrul Anam, thanks for support and effort to
make him always smile and happy,
8. His big family who always give support to him,
9. His friends Adit Rosin Sensei, Nanik Wijayanti, Dewi Setyowati, Rifki Adhin
Sensei, who has given consultation and help so much, so the researcher can
finish this research paper.
vii
10. His closest friends, Wisnu Yuli, Satrio Nur Wijaya, Zulfikar Yusuf, Risal
Yaniardi, Bagas Andika, Irfan Rejiansyah, Ali Sofyan, Agung Andrianto, thanks
for the solidarity, and a jokes that makes he always laugh.
11. His girlfriend, Anindya Fara also known as Tandon, thanks a lot of your prayer,
spirit, togetherness, motivation and support. Thanks for everything.
12. His friends in Department of English Education Class E, thanks for the
experiences during our togetherness,
13. All people who cannot be mentioned one by one here.
Thank you for unforgotten contribution during the research paper writing
process.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokaatuh.
Surakarta, 13 October 2016
Zahrul Anam
A320120200
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE ........................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL .............................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE .........................................................................................
iii
TESTIMONY ............................................................................................
iv
MOTTO .....................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ...........................................................................................
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................
ix
ABSTRAK........................................................................................ .........
xii
ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...........................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ..............................................
1
B. Literature Review .........................................................
7
C. Problem Statement .......................................................
9
D. Limitation of the Study.................................................
10
E. Objective of the Study ..................................................
10
F. Benefit of the Study ......................................................
10
G. Research Method ..........................................................
10
H. Research Organization... ..............................................
12
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY .............................................
13
A. Notion of Marxist Theory.............................................
13
B. Major Principle of Marxism Theory ............................
13
1.
Dialectical Materialism .........................................
14
2.
Historical Materialism ...........................................
14
3.
Class Struggle ........................................................
14
ix
CHAPTER
4. Alienation………………………………………...
15
5. Revolution……………………………………….
15
C. The Notion of Social Discrimination ...........................
16
D. Structural element of the novel……………………….
17
a. Character and Characterizations………………....
17
b. Setting…………………………………………....
17
c. Plot……………………………………………....
18
d. Point of View…………………………………....
18
e. Style…………………………………………….. .
18
f. Theme…………………………………................
19
E. Theoretical Application………………………… ........
19
III:
SOCIAL
BACKGROUND
OF
AMERICA
st
IN
THE
BEGINNING OF THE 21 CENTURY ...................
20
A. Social Aspect ................................................................
20
B. Economic Aspect ..........................................................
21
C. Political Aspect.............................................................
22
D. Cultural Aspect .............................................................
23
E. Religious Aspect...........................................................
26
F. The life of the Author. ..................................................
27
CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS......................................
31
A. Structural Element ........................................................
31
1. Character and Characterization………………….
31
2. Setting……………………………………………
38
3. Plot………………………………………………
43
4. Point of View ........................................................
49
5. Style………………………………………………
50
6. Theme……………………………………………
56
B. Discussion ....................................................................
57
x
CHAPTER V: MARXIST ANALYSIS ...................................................
60
A. Marxist Analysis...........................................................
60
1. Dialectical Materialism ..........................................
61
2. Historical Materialism ............................................
63
3. Alienation ...............................................................
69
4. Class Struggle .........................................................
72
5. Revolution...............................................................
74
B. Discussion ....................................................................
77
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .........................
79
A. Conclusion ....................................................................
79
B. Suggestion ....................................................................
80
C. Pedagogical Implication ...............................................
81
BIBLIOGRAPHY .....................................................................................
82
VIRTUAL REFERENCES ......................................................................
85
xi
Abstrak
Zahrul Anam, A320120200, Social Discrimination Reflected In Veronica Roth’s
Divergent (2011): Marxist Theory, Skripsi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu
Pendidikan. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Oktober 2016.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan diskriminasi sosial yang terjadi pada
novel The Divergent (2011) karya Veronica Roth. Novel The Divergent (2011)
dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Marxist. Analisis diselesaikan dengan mengacu
pada dua objek: pertama yaitu analisa yang berdasar elemen struktural, dan yang
kedua yaitu analisa mengenai sosial diskriminasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan
Marxist. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini
menggunakan dua sumber data. Yang pertama yaitu novel The Divergent (2011)
karya Veronica Roth sebagai sumber utama. Sumber data kedua diambil dari buku,
biografi penulis, jurnal, sumber internet yang berhubungan dengan penelitian. Dua
jenis data diperoleh melalui perpustakaan yang dianalisa menggunakan analisa
deskriptif. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut, peneliti menyimpulkan beberapa
kesimpulan. Pertama yaitu elemen struktural novel yang diperoleh melalui karakter
dan karakterisasi, seting tempat dan waktu, plot, sudut pandang, dan tema yang
terangkum menjadi satu sebagai cerita dalam novel. Kedua, yang berdasar pada
pendekatan Marxist dalam materialisme dialektis, sejarah materialisme, perjuangan
kelas, keterasingan, revolusi dan diskriminasi sosial yang tercermin pada karakter
utama dalam novel The Divergent (2011).
Kata kunci: sosial diskriminasi, elemen struktural novel, pendekatan Marxist
xii
Abstract
Zahrul Anam, A320120200, Social Discrimination Reflected In Veronica Roth’s
Divergent (2011): Marxist Theory, Research Paper, School of Teacher Training
and Education. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, October 2016
This study is aimed to reveal the discrimimation in The Divergent (2011) novel by
Veronica Roth. The Divergent (2011) novel is analyzed by using Marxist approach.
The analysis is done by determining two objects: the first is analyzing the novel
based on the structural elements, and the second is analyzing the problem of
discrimination by using Marxist approach. This research is a descriptive qualitative
research. There are two types of data sources. The source of primary data is
Veronica Roth’s The Divergent (2011) novel. The secondary data sources are from
books, biography of the author, journals, and internet sources related to the study.
The two kinds of data collected through library research and analyzed with
descriptive analysis. Based on the research, the researcher draws the following
conclusions. The first, the structural element of the novel described the character
and characterization, setting of place and time, plot, point of view, and theme. It
shapes into one unity in a novel story. The second, based on Marxist approach in
dialectical, historical, class struggle, alienation, revolution and the social
discrimination was revealed with other descriptions of Marxist the major character
reflected in The Divergent (2011) novel.
Keywords: social discrimination, structural elements of novel, Marxis approach
xiii