Reproductive Biology Of Bornean Endemic Fish Hampala Bimaculata (Popta, 1905)
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF BORNEAN ENDEMIC
FISH Hampala bimaculata (Popta, 1905)
FX. WIDADI PADMARSARI SOETIGNYA
GRADUATE SCHOOL
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
BOGOR
2016
i
STATEMENT LETTER
I hereby declare that dissertation entitled “Reproductive Biology of Bornean Endemic
Fish Hampala bimaculata (Popta, 1905)” is original result of my own research
supervised by supervisory committee and has never been submitted in any form at
any institution before. All information from other authors cited here are mentioned in
the text and listed in the reference at the end part of the dissertation.
Bogor, September 2016
FX. Widadi Padmarsari Soetignya
Student ID G362110081
ii
iii
SUMMARY
FX. WIDADI PADMARSARI SOETIGNYA. Reproductive Biology of
Bornean Endemic Fish Hampala bimaculata (Popta, 1905). Supervised by
BAMBANG SURYOBROTO, MOHAMMMAD MUKHLIS KAMAL, and
ARIEF BOEDIONO
Hampala bimaculata is an endemic species of Borneo. The fish is very
sensitive to poor water quality, reason why inhabit mainly clear rivers or streams
with running water with sandy to muddy bottoms. Although, H. bimaculata is a
food fish, being also popular in sport fishing, little is known of the important
aspects of its reproduction to assist with fisheries management planning. For the
first time, this study described and determined the general reproductive biology of
H. bimaculata with regards to gonads development, type of ovarian organization,
spawning type, sex ratio, size at first maturity, spawning season, and fecundity.
This study also estimated population and habitat preference of H. bimaculata
based on fish population collected in Betung Kerihun National Park, West
Kalimantan Province.
A total of 181 individuals specimens were collected from February to
October 2013 and the collection continued from July to November 2014 using gill
nets and anglings. The fish samples were caught in Embaloh (124’31.6”N119’18.3”S and 11223’44”-11229’36.8”E) and Sibau (120’33.6”N102’39.8”S and 11253’23”- 11315’08.1” E) watersheds in the Betung Kerihun
National Park, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The total length (TL) of the
fish was taken on a fish measuring board to the nearest milimeter. The fish
samples were weighed in terms of total weight (W) using digital balance. The fish
samples were then dissected, sexed and the gonads were removed and weighed to
an accuracy of 0.01 g.
Based on macroscopic and microscopic observations, four stages of
testicular maturation were distinguished for H. bimaculata i.e. immature or
resting, maturing, mature and spent. The ovaries development were classified into
five stages: immature or resting, maturing, mature, ripe, and spawned-recovering.
Histological analysis of the ovarian development indicated that H. bimaculata
exhibits synchronous group, in that at least two groups (cluthches) of oocytes can
be distinguished at the same time during the reproductive cycle. The presence of
different oocytes development sizes in the spawned and recovering stage and
polymodal distribution of oocyte diameter in ripe stage of this fish might indicate
a batch spawner.
The sample data showed that males’ size ranged from 205 mm to 475 mm
in total length and 105 g to 800 g in total weight. Females were 220 mm to 620
mm in total length and 110 g to 3050 g in total weight. The overall sex ratio was
1:2.23 males to females shows significant deviation from the expected 1: 1
(p
FISH Hampala bimaculata (Popta, 1905)
FX. WIDADI PADMARSARI SOETIGNYA
GRADUATE SCHOOL
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
BOGOR
2016
i
STATEMENT LETTER
I hereby declare that dissertation entitled “Reproductive Biology of Bornean Endemic
Fish Hampala bimaculata (Popta, 1905)” is original result of my own research
supervised by supervisory committee and has never been submitted in any form at
any institution before. All information from other authors cited here are mentioned in
the text and listed in the reference at the end part of the dissertation.
Bogor, September 2016
FX. Widadi Padmarsari Soetignya
Student ID G362110081
ii
iii
SUMMARY
FX. WIDADI PADMARSARI SOETIGNYA. Reproductive Biology of
Bornean Endemic Fish Hampala bimaculata (Popta, 1905). Supervised by
BAMBANG SURYOBROTO, MOHAMMMAD MUKHLIS KAMAL, and
ARIEF BOEDIONO
Hampala bimaculata is an endemic species of Borneo. The fish is very
sensitive to poor water quality, reason why inhabit mainly clear rivers or streams
with running water with sandy to muddy bottoms. Although, H. bimaculata is a
food fish, being also popular in sport fishing, little is known of the important
aspects of its reproduction to assist with fisheries management planning. For the
first time, this study described and determined the general reproductive biology of
H. bimaculata with regards to gonads development, type of ovarian organization,
spawning type, sex ratio, size at first maturity, spawning season, and fecundity.
This study also estimated population and habitat preference of H. bimaculata
based on fish population collected in Betung Kerihun National Park, West
Kalimantan Province.
A total of 181 individuals specimens were collected from February to
October 2013 and the collection continued from July to November 2014 using gill
nets and anglings. The fish samples were caught in Embaloh (124’31.6”N119’18.3”S and 11223’44”-11229’36.8”E) and Sibau (120’33.6”N102’39.8”S and 11253’23”- 11315’08.1” E) watersheds in the Betung Kerihun
National Park, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The total length (TL) of the
fish was taken on a fish measuring board to the nearest milimeter. The fish
samples were weighed in terms of total weight (W) using digital balance. The fish
samples were then dissected, sexed and the gonads were removed and weighed to
an accuracy of 0.01 g.
Based on macroscopic and microscopic observations, four stages of
testicular maturation were distinguished for H. bimaculata i.e. immature or
resting, maturing, mature and spent. The ovaries development were classified into
five stages: immature or resting, maturing, mature, ripe, and spawned-recovering.
Histological analysis of the ovarian development indicated that H. bimaculata
exhibits synchronous group, in that at least two groups (cluthches) of oocytes can
be distinguished at the same time during the reproductive cycle. The presence of
different oocytes development sizes in the spawned and recovering stage and
polymodal distribution of oocyte diameter in ripe stage of this fish might indicate
a batch spawner.
The sample data showed that males’ size ranged from 205 mm to 475 mm
in total length and 105 g to 800 g in total weight. Females were 220 mm to 620
mm in total length and 110 g to 3050 g in total weight. The overall sex ratio was
1:2.23 males to females shows significant deviation from the expected 1: 1
(p